The retail sector is India’s largest industry, contributing significantly to GDP and employment, and is currently undergoing rapid transformation with the rise of organized retailing. Although organized retail accounts for only 7% of the total market, it is projected to grow by 25–30% annually, reshaping consumer behavior and shopping formats. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has emerged as a critical factor in this growth trajectory, offering vast opportunities while simultaneously raising debates on its socio-economic impacts. A review of literature reveals two contrasting perspectives: while some studies emphasize the role of FDI in enhancing global competitiveness and accelerating growth, others highlight concerns regarding unemployment and negative effects on agrarian society. This study examines the current state of Indian retail, the scope of globalization, and the policy challenges and opportunities associated with FDI in the sector.

In this study, in addition to the existing research on health and economic purposes, it is empirically through the moderating effect of limiting the main purpose of affecting the social activities and life satisfaction of the elderly according to the health perception of the elderly's job search barriers. In addition, through this, the job search ability of the elderly was derived and presented to promote employment. The panel survey used for this was data from the '2016 6th Aging Research Panel Survey (KLoSA)' of the Korea Employment Information Service, and a structural equation model was constructed using the results of a survey conducted on elderly people born before 1962, The statistical program was analyzed using AMOS (21.0). The results of the study show that the perception of job search barriers of the elderly has a significant effect on social activity participation and life satisfaction of the elderly, and these have a significant effect on the overall happiness level, and the perception of job search barriers is related to the happiness of the elderly. This suggests that a lot of attention and effort are needed to secure jobs and improve job-seeking ability of the elderly. In consideration of these aspects, it was found that it was necessary to find jobs that could work in a healthy state for the elderly, remove the job search barriers of the elderly as much as possible, or improve the job-seeking ability of the elderly for changes in the social environment, etc.

Banking in Indonesia is now increasingly competitive with the existence of Islamic Banks that offers financial and investment products in a different way than the Bank Conventional that has been around for a long time. Although still considered a newcomer, Islamic banking is growing quite fast. This is understandable by looking at the country of Indonesia is one of the countries with the largest Muslim population throughout the world. To maximize the market share and potency of Islamic banks, this study aims to see whether lifestyle and Islamic financial literacy can help people in using Islamic banking or Islamic Banking products. This study uses quantitative methods. The sample in this study amounted to 100 respondents obtained by probability sampling method with simple random sampling technique. The data obtained were processed using multiple linear analysis techniques. The results of the analysis in this study indicate that (1) the Islamic financial literacy variable has a positive and significant effect on decisions to use Islamic banking products (2) lifestyle variables have a positive and significant effect on decisions to use Islamic banking products.

Today’s toughest challenge for manager’s to make the employees ever ready for best performance. Every organization success is mostly depends on the employees. Human resource is the only powerful key to compete and cope with changes. For an employee the organization is like their home and they never wants to go away from the home, if they live happily. It's a continuous challenge for manager to engage and motivate employees. Thus the managers are continuously trying to boost motivation of workforce for better performance. Most influential researcher about human behavior like Abraham Maslow, Herzberg, Adam Smith and Sigmurl Freud have taught us about human behavior. In the book by Paul R. Lawrence and Nitin Nohria driven how human nature shapes our choices. They are drives to Acquire, Bond: from connections with individuals and groups, Comprehend: Satisfy our curiosity and master the world around us, Defend: protect against external threats and promote justice. By using this model this study focused on deeper understanding of relationship of engage and motivate employee with their performance and insights into human behavior, which help the organization get the best out of employees by fulfilling fundamental needs.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of product quality, price perception and service quality on loyalty with satisfaction as a mediating variable on Fractal batik customers. in the city of Semarang, Indonesia. The research sample was 205 respondents with purposive sampling technique using research questionnaires. The results of the study prove that there is a positive and significant effect of product quality, price perception, and service quality on satisfaction. Furthermore, product quality, price perception, service quality and satisfaction affect customer loyalty. Satisfaction acts as a variable that mediates the effect of product quality, price perception, and service quality on loyalty.

The competition in the early childhood education industry is getting tougher with new preschools with various types and innovations on offer. This exploratory research reviews the situation and condition of preschools in Indonesia with a qualitative approach based on case studies. Secondary data collection and interviews with millennial mothers were carried out to support the existing data to analyze the gaps in the marketing strategies used by preschools with expectations in the community. The results of this study indicate that preschools must understand the current needs of their prospective customers, especially millennial mothers who currently have great potential to become their primary target market. The strategy used can depart from the marketing mix analysis, such as optimizing the school's website and social media as a reference communication medium for parents in choosing a preschool for their children.

The research objectives are to (1) analyze the competitiveness of Arabica coffee commodities, (2) analyze the competitive advantage and comparative advantage, and (3) analyze the impact of government policies on the competitiveness of Arabica coffee commodities in Kerinci Regency. The research was conducted in Kerinci Regency by selecting three districts, namely: Siulak, Gunung VII, and Kayu Aro. The needed research duration was eight months. The research object consists of comparative competitiveness, competitive competitiveness, and government policies on Arabica coffee commodities. Research data was sourced from primary data and secondary data. The research sample was taken by simple random sampling with a total of 180 respondents. Data were analyzed by descriptive and statistical tests through the Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) model. The results showed that the development of Arabica coffee farming in Kerinci Regency has high competitiveness and is profitable. The results of the analysis show that Arabica coffee farming in Kerinci Regency has a competitive advantage with a PCR value of 0,31 and a Private Profitability (PP) value of Rp 24.181.757,07 per Ha/year. The comparative advantage has DRCR value of 0,25, and the social profit is Rp 44.897.494,46 per Ha/year. Government policies such as interference in the input can increase revenues, but the policy on output and the input-output policy is unable to increase the added value of farmers' income.

Taxes are state levies that do not provide direct remuneration, are binding, and can be forced, which are used for the prosperity of the people. This study aims to examine and analysis the effect of service quality variables, taxpayer awareness, and tax socialization on taxpayer compliance variables both simultaneously and partially  and to examine the most dominant influence among service quality variables, taxpayer awareness, and socialization on the compliance variable. taxpayer. Sekaran [1] provides a general reference for determining sample size, a sample size of more than 30 and less than 500 is appropriate for most studies. Referring to the opinion above, the number of samples used in this study was 120 respondents who were taken from the population of taxpayers in Bondowoso Regency. In this study, the sampling technique used is non-probability sampling with purposive sampling technique. Analysis of the data used is using multiple linear regression, f test,  t-test, and coefficient of determination. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that simultaneously, the variables of service quality, taxpayer awareness, and socialization have a significant effect on taxpayer compliance in Bondowoso Regency.  And partially the variables of service quality, taxpayer awareness, and socialization have a significant influence on taxpayer compliance in Bondowoso Regency. Simultaneously, the variables of service quality, taxpayer awareness, and socialization have a significant effect on taxpayer compliance in Bondowoso Regency. Of the three variables measuring taxpayer compliance, the most dominant variable is taxpayer awareness.

Background/Aim: Clinical features of patients with Covid-19 diseases have revealed several biochemical markers associated with in-hospital mortality. In particular, the blood levels of C-reactive protein and ferritin levels are the most correlated positive phase reactants that are commonly used in clinical practices for theirs diagnostic and prognostic values. For this reason, our main goal was to assess the complications and mortality prognostic value for the two tested prognosticators in mechanically ventilated critically ill COVID-19 infected patients. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in our Royal Medical Services institutions for all mechanically ventilated critically I will COVID-19 infected patients. An Independent T, Mann Whitney-U, and Chi Square Tests were used to analyze the parametric and non-parametric outcomes’ data. A receiver operating characteristic was plotted to determine the area under the curve of each tested prognosticator and to identify the optimal cutoff point, sensitivity, specificity, Youden index, accuracy, and positive/negative predictive values. Results:The mean age of the whole study cohort was 58.37±9.96 years, and the Survivors Cohort were insignificantly older than the Non-Survivors Cohort (58.55±9.95 years versus 58.09±10.05 years, respectively, p>0.05). Significantly, males were distributed in the study in approximately a 2: 1 ratio compared to females. Overall 28-day ICU mortality was detected in 94 (48.70%) during an average of 12.40±4.79 days of ICU length of stay. Biochemically, the c-reactive protein and ferritin were significantly higher in the Non-Survivors Cohort than in the Survivors Cohort (143.09±59.28 mg/dl and 891.51±377.82 ng/ml vs 88.38±34.38 mg/dl and 465.76±154.07 ng/ml, respectively, p<0.05).  Conclusion: The exaggerated elevation of serum levels of c-reactive protein and ferritin in COVID-19 infected patients, especially the mechanically ventilated critically ill cohort, can be potentially used for their reasonable performances and prediction utility in early identification and stratification of COVID-19 infected patients severities despite global ever-shrinking in medical teams and facilities, especially in critical care units to make sure optimum resource provision and implement swift management protocols.

The purpose of this research is to formulate alternative strategies to accelerate the achievement of a sustainable West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) Zero Waste Program at the Environmental and Forestry Agency Office. This study uses the SWOT-QSPM approach as the basis for making alternative strategies. SWOT analysis is carried out using the IFE (Internal Factor Evaluation) matrix which describes the company's strengths and weaknesses and the EFE (External Factor Evaluation) matrix which describes the company's opportunities and threats and the IE (Internal External) matrix which shows the company's current position. . The results of the Internal – External analysis show that the strategy improvement that has been carried out has not been based on the potential and opportunities it has. With QSPM Analysis, to accelerate the achievement of the Zero Waste Program is to carry out a partnership strategy.

Shariah Banks address emerging new challenges in covid 19 Pandemic. The global impact of covid -19 has initiated to mobilize social programmes, effect on economy especially for Banking Sector which are conventional banks and shariah banks Shariah bank provide attractive prospect for finanicial global crisis in Indonesia. This research aims to analyze the impact of Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Non Perfoming Financing (NPF), Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR) and Cost to Income Ratio Profitability with Return on Assets (ROA) in Indonesian Shariah Banks. The analysis method used ARDL Panel and t Test based on their Financial Performance banks report on IDX consisting of Indonesia Shariah Bank, BTPN Shariah Bank and Panin Dubai shariah Bank, in 2020, with the 12 financial statements research. Based on the results of ARDL panel data research showed that dependent variables (ROA) can be explained by independent variables consisting of CAR, NPF and Cost to Income Ratio, have no positive and significant relationships, while FDR variables have positive and significant relationships. The results of the t test showed CAR, NPF and Cost to Income Ratio quite affect the level of profitability of Shariah banks during Covid-19.

In line with the development of an organization, efforts are needed to improve the skills and professionalism of employees with increased education and job training and organizational support in providing attention and coaching that is ultimately expected to develop the careers of employees. An employee's career development needs to be done because an employee working in an organization not only wants to get what he has, but also expects change, there is progress and opportunities given to him to advance to a higher and better level. Thus, the better the application of career development in the company will have an effect on improving employee performance. Based on the results of research that education and training program affect significantly the career development of employees at PT. Perkebunan Nusantara III (Persero) Medan, where the form of education and training programs applied by the company is in training house that is classically in Pusdiklat Unit P2WAS with internal and external sources, self-study or assignment and on the job training in the work unit. In addition, organizational support affects the career development of employees at PT. Perkebunan Nusantara III (Persero) Medan significantly, where organizational support in the form of providing various facilities needed by employees in work, opportunities for ability development and improving the welfare of employees.

Dimensions of ownership structure and corporate social responsibility disclosure have received much interest around the globe, with a lot of study done on developed economies. Majority of prior studies confined their examination to this direct relationship, which explains the similarities of most of their findings. This study expounded the role played by company board independence in explaining whether it brings much moderating effect. Results suggest that board independence strengths the relationship between managerial ownership dimension and CSR disclosures but failed to show significant moderating effect on institutional ownership. Managerial ownership negatively influenced CSR. This can be associated with the fact that some of the company managers feel that disclosing company activities is not a necessity and managers' attitudes and risk profile on CSR varies from one firm to another. Managers are more concerned with the costs and benefits of CSR initiatives. Board independences can act as moderator thus strengthening CSR disclosures.

This study assesses micro pension plan on self-employed workers of selected enterprises in the informal sector of Ikeja Local Government Area, Lagos State, Nigeria. Micro pension plan would take care of participants from various informal sector workers such as market women, members of textile, garment and tailoring associations, tricycle and motorcycle operators (okada riders) butchers’, workers in the movie and performing arts industry and single professionals like lawyers, accountants and many others. Since the introduction of contributory pension scheme in Nigeria, the level of awareness and participation effectiveness of the informal sector business owners to participate in the micro pension plan has not been adequately met. In a bid to strengthen the post-retirement financial capability of all working Nigerians (across all sectors of the economy), the National Pension Commission (Pen Com) launched the micro pension plan (MPP) into the system. Survey research design was adopted for this study. The population of the study covered self-employed persons in the informal sector of Ikeja Local Government, Lagos. Three hundred and sixteen (316) sample size were proportionately distributed questionnaires to by employing convenient sampling technique. Out of the total number of the copies of the questionnaires administered, 214 copies of questionnaires were retrieved representing 67.7% and were used to analyse data. Analysis was done using correlation analysis with the aids of Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS). The findings revealed that there is a positive correlation between micro pension plan and self-employed workers’ awareness, also, there is a significant positive relationship between micro pension plan and self-employed workers’ remittances. The study recommended that pension operators should intensify more efforts on sensitization and interactions about the pension plan with the expected contributors for the future benefit of the scheme.

The use of electronic devices and internet facilities has become greatly unavoidable, this can be seen from people in accessing the internet for online business transactions such as online trading, learning and shopping amongst others. The study examines the effect of cyber-loafing on employees’ productivity in the public service of Lagos state. A survey research design was used and data were collected by using instruments adopted from previous studies. Population of the study is 264 and a sample size of 250 was taken using Krajcie and Morgan sample size table. 189 staff of Lagos state public service was taken representing 75.6%. The study utilized regression analysis as data analytical method. Two hypotheses were formulated. The result established that there is significant negative effect of cyber-loafing on service delivery and worker’ assigned duties in selected MDAs of Lagos State public service. The study therefore recommended that government should pay more attention in improving employees’ productivity towards service delivery and assigned responsibilities by equipping and regulating its entirety staff with the information and communication technology.

The development of economic progress triggers increasingly fierce competition in the business world, including the banking world. Rapid changes in the external environment encourage the need for an understanding of organizational culture and the existence of an appropriate organizational culture. To face competition, of course, it must be accompanied by hard work. Innovation is needed to stay afloat in the world market. With innovation, organizations will be able to respond to challenges, be able to survive and more easily develop. Another factor that can foster innovative behavior in employees is organizational culture. Therefore, this study aims to explain the role of innovation behavior mediating organizational culture on the performance of LPD employees in Badung district. This research was conducted in Badung district and total sample is 105 respondents. The analytical method used is Path analysis and the Sobel test to test the hypothesis regarding the mediation role. The results of this study indicate that Organizational Culture has a positive and significant influence on the performance of LPD employees in Badung Regency. Organizational culture has a positive and significant effect on the innovative behavior of LPD employees in Badung Regency. Innovation behavior is able to significantly mediate organizational culture on employee performance. Therefore, innovation behavior of every employee will certainly give a positive added value to the company.

The purpose of this study is to determine the structural model of intellectual capital, capital structure, ownership structure, firm size, profitability and manufacturing firm value. The sample used is manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The period 2017 - 2019. The sampling in this study uses purposive sampling, which is based on criteria that include manufacturing companies recorded during the 2017-2019 period, manufacturing companies using rupiah currency, manufacturing companies that report periodic financial reports. The data analysis technique used is the Structural Equation Model - Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS), while the mediation test uses the Variance Accounted for (VAF) method. The results of this study indicate that the inner model analysis contains 10 hypotheses from 13 accepted hypotheses. Profitability, intellectual capital, capital structure, ownership structure, firm size, have a significant positive effect on firm value, while intellectual capital, capital structure, ownership structure, firm size has a significant positive effect on profitability. Profitability can mediate Intellectual Capital to Firm Value and Profitability Mediation Firm Size to Firm Value. However, the novelty in this study shows that profitability cannot mediate capital structure on firm value and profitability cannot mediate ownership structure on firm value.

The advancement of the digital world has been made. Access to knowledge from many platforms substantially benefits the community. In keeping with the effective method of working from home during the Covid-19 pandemic, information media is increasingly becoming a space and medium for making investment decisions, enabling the rise and development of investor financial behavior bias. The purpose of this research is to advance behavioral economics, specifically behavioral biases in capital market investment decisions using the echo chamber perspective as a social media representation. The data used is those of online capital market investors with social media or investor community groups. PLS-SEM is used to analyze data (Partial Least Square-Structrural Equation Modeling). Overconfidence, familiarity effect, and irrational exuberance all have a substantial effect on investment decisions in the Indonesian capital market, however gambler's fallacy, financial cognitive dissonance, and echo chamber have no significant effect.

Human Resources are the most important resource in today’s world for all Organizations whether it is in the Public or Private Sector in nature. It is the key to financial results as productivity of an Organization is directly related to the efficiency and output of its Human Resources. The key element to determine and ensure the output of Human Resources is the Performance Management System of an Organization. One of the critical components that help to achieve the objectives of performance management is a comprehensive performance appraisal system. It has been observed that in many Public Sector Organizations the Performance Appraisal Process is more or less routine in nature and not really contributing to improve the productivity of individuals and the organization. This study was done in Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL) one of the largest Public Sector organizations in India in the Itanagar Branch to understand its effectiveness and to suggest measures how it could be made more effective.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on the economy, not only in Indonesia but also throughout the world, the business sector that is most affected is the energy sector which is under tremendous pressure due to drastic shrinking of its business activities. mining companies and 42 BUMS data analysis using Mann Whitney, the results of the study show that there are no differences in the ratio of liquidity, solvency and profitability in BUMN and mining BUMS companies and there are differences in activity ratios in BUMN and mining BUMS companies.

With the current governments focus on skills development, Vocational Education is the future of social economic growth of any economy. However, the Vocational Training Centers have not been embraced as one would think making it a potential issue of research. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the influence of organizational culture on implementation of strategy among VTCs in Bungoma County, Kenya. This research was anchored by planned behavior; Resource based theory and contingency theory of leadership. A descriptive study design was employed. The study populations were principals and departmental heads of the 36 registered government VTCs in Bungoma County, totaling to 193 respondents. Since the study population was homogenous it was sampled using Yamane’s sampling formula to get 130 respondents. Data was collected by help of questionnaires. It was found out that organizational culture positively and significantly relates with strategy implementation (r = 0.787). It was determined that organization culture (b= 0.696, t = 13.902, p-value=0.000 <0.05) positively and significantly affects strategy implementation. The findings of the study concluded that strategy implementation is determined and influenced by several factors which are dependent on the type of determinants a firm has. Therefore, a significant relationship between determinants and Strategy implementation exists. The research recommends that, Vocational training centers should improve the structures put in place in the organization, improve leadership, improve culture of organization and use resources appropriately in order to enhance the utilization of strategies.

The aims of this study were (1) to determine the effect of workload and work discipline together on the performance of ASN teachers at State MTs schools in Donggala Regency (2) To determine the effect of workload on ASN teacher performance at State MTs schools in Donggala Regency (3) To determine the effect of work discipline on the performance of ASN teachers at State MTs schools in Donggala Regency. This type of research is a quantitative research with a total sample of 38 people. The results of this study concluded that (1) The burden of work and disciplines working together have a significant effect on the performance in State MTs school in Donggala district. Province of Central Sulawesi (2) Workload has a significant effect on teacher performance in public MTs schools in Donggala district. Province of Central Sulawesi and (3) Work discipline has a significant effect on teacher performance in public MTs schools in Donggala district. Central Sulawesi Province.

Currently, Hanoi has a very low percentage of land for static traffic, while the sudden increase in vehicles, especially private cars is increasing, the static traffic area of Hanoi is seriously lacking and only meet 10-15% of practical requirements. To develop the static traffic area, over the past time, Hanoi has called for socialization and investment capital mobilization. However, the results achieved are still very low, due to many reasons such as: The complicated and lengthy project implementation legal procedures make investors tired. The project site clearance faced many difficulties; The ability to recover capital is slow because only 30% of the concentrated parking area is allowed to be commercially exploited. This requires a synchronous policy of the State for the development of the static traffic system in general and the static road traffic in Hanoi in particular. For the above reason, the article: “research on solutions to improve state management. development of static traffic infrastructure on urban roads in Hanoi" focusing on clarifying the current situation of limitations, causes of limitations, proposing measures to solve the current shortcomings as well as developing a static traffic system. Urban roads meet the requirements of the socio-economic development of Hanoi capital.

Increasing demand of fast food in Bangladesh over the last couple of decades had immense impact on the country’s cultural and socio-economic scenario. Mostly the teenagers consume lots of fast food of different varieties because of its convenience in terms of saving time and toil and being tasty. Brand name, good will, location, and environment of a fast food chain/restaurant, quality, variation, and price of its food; and some other ignored but important factors determine the inflow of customers into their stores. Only the consumers can tell the best why they visit a specific fast food restaurant. This paper attempts to identify the reasons why consumers prefer to visit Pizza Hut in Bangladesh to measure the level of overall attitude they hold about this fast food chain. The authors try to analyze the important factors responsible to shape that attitude, identify the inhibiting issues in the process of forming positive attitude and suggest possible recommendations to resolve those issues. Responses received from 120 consumers in Dhaka on some salient features of their consumption choice, have been analyzed by using Fishbein Multi-Attribute Attitude model. The most favorable attitude has been formed by the store environment and the least by the price and location of the stores. Consumers give highest importance to food quality and are ready to pay appropriate price for it, even if the apparent price may seem high.

This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of Employee Engagement and Transformational Leadership on Performance by mediating motivation. The sampling technique used the sesus method so that the number of respondents with the same number as the population was 138 people. Technical analysis of the data in this study consisted of testing the validity using factor analysis methods, reliability tests and multiple linear regression tests. In this study, there are five hypotheses proposed. The results of statistical testing showed that all indicators in this study were declared valid and all variables were declared reliable. Meanwhile, the results of the regression test prove that in the first model Employee Engagement and Transformational Leadership are able to contribute in explaining motivation, the second model states that Employee Engagement, Transformational Leadership and motivation are able to contribute in explaining performance. The f test results in the first equation show that Employee Engagement and Transformational Leadership have a simultaneous effect on Motivation, while the f test results in the second equation show that Employee Engagement and Transformational Leadership and Motivation have a simultaneous effect on Performance. The results of the t test in the first equation show that Employee Engagement has a positive and significant effect on Motivation, Transformational Leadership has a positive and significant effect on Motivation, in the second equation the t test results show that Employee Engagement has a positive and significant effect on Performance, Transformational Leadership has a significant positive and significant effect on performance and motivation positive and significant effect on performance. Furthermore, in the first path, the Sobel test results obtained that motivation was able to become a mediating variable on the influence of Employee Engagement on Performance. In the second path, it is known that motivation can be a mediating variable on the influence of transformational leadership on performance.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the Management of Mining Business Licensing Services at the Department of Energy and Mineral Resources of Central Sulawesi Province and to analyze the factors that hinder and support the Management of Mining Business Licensing Services at the Department of Energy and Mineral Resources of Central Sulawesi Province.  This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The data used are primary data, namely the results of interviews. Informants in this study were the Head of Mineral and Coal Division, Head of Licensing and General Mining Services Section and employees of the Department of Energy and Mineral Resources of Central Sulawesi Province.  The analytical method used is qualitative analysis.  Based on the results of the analysis, it was concluded that the implementation of the Mining Business Permit (IUP) service at the Department of Energy and Mineral Resources of Central Sulawesi Province was in accordance with the established Standard Operating Procedures. Supporting factors for the Mining Business License (IUP) service at the Department of Energy and Mineral Resources of Central Sulawesi Province are adequate facilities and infrastructure such as computers and mapping tools and coordination with local village officials. Constraints faced by the Department of Energy and Mineral Resources of Central Sulawesi Province in providing services for Mining Business Permits are the incomplete application of the applicant's administrative requirements, the limited number of employees in utilizing modern technology, the presence of officials authorized to legalize licensing applications, which are sometimes being processed. outbound service which causes delay in an application for an exit permit.

Banking policy makers in maintaining financial stability, especially funding activities, have become a serious concern after thefinancial crisis 2007/2008. Based on these conditions, the purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of funding risk on bank stability in Indonesian banking. Using the hyphotesis funding risk-stability and ownership, funding risk-stability, this study analyzes 141 conventional banks in Indonesia for the period 2004-2018, using the generalized method moment (SYS-GMM) system. The results of the study finding the banking industry in Indonesia supports the hypothesis of a positive funding risk had effect on bank stability. However, using the ownership base core capital, this study finding small banks (BUKUI) had a negative significance effect on stability with funding risk. Then, large bank (BUKUIV) had negative effect on bank stability with funding risk but not significance. However, medium size bank (BUKUII and BUKUIII) has positive not significance effect on bank stability.

Investment in construction of telecommunications infrastructure (construction of telecommunications infrastructure) is an extremely important investment activity, creating an infrastructure system for socio-economic development, which is a basic premise. to industrialization and modernization of the country. Therefore, in the past time, Mobifone Telecommunications Corporation has implemented many infrastructure construction projects in order to contribute to the socio-economic development of the country. Due to the important nature of the construction investment of telecom infrastructure for Mobifone in particular and for the socio-economic development of the country in general, the management of the construction investment capital of the telecom infrastructure plays a very important role. Therefore, the article analyzes the current situation of infrastructure construction investment capital management and proposes some solutions to strengthen the management of infrastructure investment capital at Mobifone, contributing to using capital for the right purposes and effectively to develop the infrastructure. telecommunications infrastructure and promote socio-economic development of our country in the coming years.

This study aimed to examine the relationship between customer orientation and performance of universities in Kenya. The data was collected using descriptive and correlation designs. The research was carried out using primary data collected using a structured questionnaire. A sample of 115 senior staff of 23 universities participated in the study using purposive sampling method. Descriptive statistics were used in analysing data using Statistical Package for Social Sciences while inferential statistics were analysed using regression by use of Stata software. Analysed data was presented in frequency tables and percentages. The descriptive findings established that customer orientation have an influence on performance of universities. However, the regression results found an insignificant positive relationship between customer orientation and university performance. The results indicate insignificance of customer orientation in universities in Kenya with respect to the four performance indicators. The study provides a useful guide to the management of universities in that they need to realize that meeting the needs and satisfying its customers (student) does not necessarily lead to customer satisfaction, retention of student, increase student number and number of programmes, but other factors besides these dependent variables could lead to university performance. The study has a practical application to universities in Kenya seeking to compete favourably in a competitive education environment by employing other market orientation strategies which are not necessarily relates to customer orientation.

This research aims to examine business environments that have a validity structure with a diversity of models and are able to improve marketing performance. The research design uses mixed research that is cauldron and quantitative descriptive involving 400 supervisors and managers of privately managed plantation companies in Indoensia. The results explain that at the most intense construct emphasis is on multi-layer models so that the company has the ability to survive and grow its business. However, the weakness experienced by the company lies in the growing human resources sector but not followed by the development of natural resources.

Work from home is currently becoming more of a concern because the world's conditions are faced with the COVID-19 outbreak, which forces companies to change working hours in the office to work at home. Flexible time or work schedule flexibility began to be applied in many companies, especially in big cities such as Semarang. Some workers in Semarang feel stressed when carrying out work schedule flexibility, which is inversely proportional to previous research, which showed that work schedule flexibility was negatively related to job stress. The purpose of this study was to re-examine the effect of work schedule flexibility and work-family conflict on job stress in conditions of the COVID-19 outbreak sample of university lecturers in the city of Semarang who implement work from home. Logistic linear regression is used in this study.

Covid-19 or also known as SARS-CoV-2 pandemic as declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) took the world by surprise. Covid-19 affects global currency usage whether it be fiat or cryptocurrency as people are adapting to new norms. The crisis created by Covid-19 provided an opportunity to investigate the trend of cryptocurrency before and during a global crisis. The circumstances that come with Covid-19 jeopardise steady jobs and income. Certain people would face loss of income through job terminations or pay cuts. Thus, affecting their financial and purchasing power which then changed the trend with the cryptocurrency market. The main purpose of this research is to study the demand of cryptocurrency through a trend analysis right before the start as well as during the Covid-19 pandemic. Trend analysis is the practice of extracting data and attempting to spot a pattern based on the data taken according to a time series. Trend analysis of price and market capitalization charts between December 2019 to December 2020. The analysis can be used to predict future events based on historical data. The cryptocurrencies analyzed are Bitcoin, Ethereum, Tether and Dash. Cryptocurrency trading saw surge of trading volume during Covid-19 pandemic. In general prices would increase as volume increase during global scale crisis such as Covid-19. This paper concludes that cryptocurrency prices can be expected to rise during crises as a direct result of increase trading volume and decreased demand for fiat money.

People desire to work in healthy environments where physical, mental and psychological health conditions exist. There are some indicators of this situation, which are expressed as organizational health. Having these indicators in an organization is vital for organizational peace, climate and employee performance. The primary purpose of this research is to question what managers, who are one of the important actors in the construction of organizational health, think about organizational health. The research is a multiple case study design designed according to the qualitative research method. Research data were collected through a semi-structured interview form from nine senior executives working in the public and private sectors. The research data were analyzed and interpreted according to the qualitative content analysis. According to the research findings, it has been seen that the organizational health indicators of the managers are to be abandoned in terms of providing efficiency and effectiveness in an organization and an organization that does not give importance to organizational health cannot be efficient. Another finding is that employees cannot show high performance in an environment where organizational health conditions are unfavorable. The findings also show that meeting the organizational health conditions in the business environment is a managerial task and that managers have important duties here.

The women's micro small enterprise has many obstacles faced, include budget capital. This research aims to analyze an applicable model which is strategies solution to increase financial inclusion for women's micro small enterprises through this program. This research uses a qualitative approach with Business Model Canvas analysis based in the leading sharia-based women’s micro small enterprise sector through the program optimally. The type of data uses primary data and secondary data obtained through observation (field research), interviews and other literature studies. The Semarang City Government initiated a financing assistance program for superior sharia-based women's micro small enterprise (Murabaha contract) by collaborating through a memorandum of understanding with several institutions. The women’s micro small enterprise who received this financial assistance are expected to be able to maximize their funds for business development so they can increase their class from micro-small businesses become large-scale businesses. The novelty of this research is the form of alternative solutions for Semarang City Government in organizing capital solutions for potential women's micro small enterprises with no providing any additional costs to the borrower because BAZNAS will bear it through social funds.

The things which need to be considered in pandemic is the economic sector recovery mechanism as a result of the Pembatasan Sosial Skala Besar policy, especially in Semarang City Government. This PSBB policy is an anticipatory step from the government to chain-break of Covid-19's spread. The application of digital marketing at a strategic level is carried out as an alternative solution to traditional marketing of products produced by pesantren become more comprehensive. So this research aims to build and develop a Program mart Tren which is ideal for micro-businesses adopt especially pesantren in Semarang City. This research uses an exploratory qualitative approach. Data sources obtained through observation, interviews and literature studies. The implementation of the Smart Trends Program is expected to: Increase the trust of existing customers and gain new potential customers, Renewal In the application of sophisticated technology in marketing, Expanding the market share of its superior products, Increasing the competitiveness of Islamic boarding schools in empowering the economy of the people. The success of this program will be determined by the seriousness of each stakeholder in carrying out this program in five stages, namely: Data collection, Registration program, Product curation, Product orders and deliveries, Payment.

This research was conducted to determine the impact on regional revenues with balance funds to financial independence as measured through asset management as variable moderators in city government in Indonesia. Using the theory of analysis, the path is expected to estimate the value of regional revenues and balanced funds in influencing the financial independence of a region. Measurement is done with the measurement scale of respondents using ordinal data. Furthermore, it is measured using direct and indirect variables with asset management variables as a moderator. The main finding in this study is that there is no sign of regional revenues to asset management and the management of regional financial independence. Several factors have been described, one of which is that local income from taxes tends to get negative results because there is no direct reward to the people in the area. This study also resulted in the impact of findings that the equalization that occurs with the existence of financial independence managed by local governments becomes very focused and achieves targets to public sectors such as education, health and infrastructure. This study hypothesizes that regional income has no significant effect on asset management and financial independence. In contrast, balance funds significantly affect asset management and the management of assets impacts financial autonomy.

This research investigates the impact of quality management systems on working capital management of Brazilian manufacturing SMEs. The companies analyzed were selected with a stratified sampling technique based on economic criteria. The data was collected through a questionnaire that was administered through a face-to-face interview. The time horizon subject to observation was three years and concerned the period 2016-2018. Overall, 122 companies participated in the research. The analysis was developed using statistical matrix tools. The results are statistically significant and suggest that companies using quality management systems have more efficient working capital management, collect receivables faster and pay off debts faster.

The objectives of this study are two folds. The first is to measure and analyze the influences of Islamic financial literacy on digital finance, financial technology and financial exclusion. The second is to measure and analyze the effects of digital finance and financial technology on financial exclusion. This study focuses on the case of Islamic financial institutions in Aceh province Indonesia. A number of 208 questionnaires were distributed to the selected population using the multistage random sampling technique. Using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), the study found that the use of digital finance was positively influenced by Islamic financial literacy, while fintech and financial exclusion were negatively affected by Islamic financial literacy. In addition, the study documented that digital finance was positively affected by financial exclusion, while financial fintech is found to have an insignificant effect on financial exclusion from Islamic financial institutions. These findings showed that to reduce the financial exclusion and enhance the use of digital finance of the Islamic financial institutions, Islamic financial literacy needs to be further improved. Islamic financial institutions are suggested to improve public understanding of Islamic finance and their services quality and shariah compliance. Government support is needed in socializing the understanding of Islamic finance to the public and issuing effective Islamic financial policies for the convenience and security of transacting monies with Islamic financial institutions.

The study is a fundamental analysis of the leading telecom companies in the Sultanate of Oman. Even though Oman telecom market is believed to have room for and growth for the two major telecom companies i.e. Omantel and Ooredoo the companies reported declining profits recently due to higher royalties and tax rates. The study was undertaken to analyze the financial strength of these two leading telecom companies by using the Altman’s Z score model. Annual reports of two telecom companies were collected for a period of six years form 2015 till 2020. The results show that the independent variables viz; working capital, retained earnings, EBIT and total sales do not have a significant impact on the dependent variable total assets for both the companies, meanwhile the market value of equity has strong negative correlation and has a significant impact on the total liabilities of Ooredoo and Omantel. The financial health of Ooredoo is better than Omantel Company. The Z score is an effective tool to demonstrate credit worthiness to bankers and soundness of business model to investors. Even though Ooredoo has better financial strength than Omantel, both the companies must go ahead with innovative steps to attract customers, improve sale and cash flow and thereby strengthen its financial soundness.

This study aims to assess empirically the productivity trend of zakat management at Baitul Mal across 24 districts/cities in Aceh province, Indonesia during the 2014-2018 period. Using the Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI), this study found that the average productivity level of Baitul Mal in managing zakat has increased by 6.4%, contributed mostly by technical change. Meanwhile, the efficiency changes contributed negatively to the total productivity. The highest total productivity is recorded by Baitul Mal in Pidie Regency, while the lowest productivity level is experienced by Baitul Mal in Aceh Besar Regency. The findings of the productivity of Baitul Mal in managing zakat could be used as a reference in designing policy to further enhance the productivity of zakat management by combining a proper mix of inputs to produce better outputs.

This study aims to comparatively explore the effects of working capital, the number of workers, the number of working hours and the level of education on the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs)’ performances before and after the Covid-19 pandemic in Banda Aceh City, Indonesia. It also attempts to evaluate whether there are differences in performances of MSMEs before and after Covid-19. This study gathered primary data through observation and questionnaires’ distribution to 100 respondents. The data are analyzed using multiple regression and paired t-test analyses. Based on regression analysis, the study found that working capital and the number of working hours significantly affected the performances of MSMEs before the Covid-19 period, while the number of workers and the level of education have an insignificant effect. After the Covid-19 period, the level of education is found to be the only variable that has an insignificant effect on the performances of the MSMEs. Based on paired t-test, the study recorded differences in performances of the MSMEs before and after the Covid-19 period. These findings imply that special attention should be given by the government to enhance the performances of the MSMEs during the Covid-19 period by giving various financial incentives.

The quality of service and learning facilities affect parental satisfaction. Survey Research was conducted to determine the effect of service quality and learning facilities on the satisfaction of parents of students at HKBP Tomuan Pematangsiantar Private Elementary School. The results of this study indicate that the quality of services, learning facilities are good and the satisfaction of parents of student is satisfied. The results of a qualitative descriptive analysis of the quality of service in HKBP Tomuan Pematang Siantar Private School obtained an average rating of 3.59. In the reliability of the guarantee and specifications for teacher indicators in implementing hyperactive student supervision and the attitude of teachers in communicating get the highest average score of 3.81, whereas the lowest average value is 3.11 on the physical physical dimension (Tangibles) with indications of waiting conditions. The quality of service and learning facilities have a positive and significant effect on the satisfaction of parents of students at HKBP Tomuan Pematang Siantar Private Elementary School both simultaneously and partially.

This study assessed the impact of N-Power programme on the employability and income generation among its beneficiaries in Yobe State. Specifically, the study gives emphasis to the employability, income generating capacity as well as entrepreneurial skill acquisition of the beneficiaries of N-Power programme in the State, with focus on three sampled local government areas viz: Bade, Geidam and Yunusari. Primary data was collected from the sampled 230 beneficiaries in the three local government areas on the basis of which analysis was conducted. Based on the findings of the study we conclude that majority of the beneficiaries are male between the age of 26 and 35 who are graduates, majority of whom got information about the programme through the media and community leaders. Most of them are engaged in N-Power Teach and a number of them have not received their full allowances for some months. Moreover, N-Power programme enhanced the income generating capacity of most of the beneficiaries and majority of them considered the current monthly remuneration of N30,000 sufficient. In addition, a number of them owned businesses after their engagement in N-Power programme, an indication that the programme enhances their entrepreneurial skills.

Development Area Unit IV East Java Province is one of the provinces on the island of Java which consists of three regencies, namely Jember Regency, Bondowoso Regency and Situbondo Regency. The area has great potential for ecotourism such as marine tourism, nature tourism, cultural tourism and handicrafts spread across several sub-districts. which is visited every day. Therefore, in an effort to take advantage of the potential of the region and maintain the sustainability of the area, this research is needed. The purpose of this study was to identify and inventory the potential of ecotourism resources in the Regional Development Unit IV of East Java Province. The analytical method used in this study is an analysis of ecotourism potential, a qualitative descriptive analysis technique used as an analysis of ecotourism potential. The results of the study show that there is a lot of potential in the Regional Development Unit IV of East Java Province to be developed. Broadly speaking, the ecotourism potential can be directly accessed through: https://pariwisata.situbondokab.go.id and https:// disparpora.bondowosokab.go.id and https://jembertourism.com.

Omani population is influenced by the western dietary habits and there is increase in opting for pizza from international food chains. This research aims to study the correlation of quality attributes of Pizza, identify the major attributes that contributes to product quality and to categorize the component factors of pizza quality based on factor analysis. A sample size of 380 responses are collected from Nizwa. 57.56% of the cumulative variance is contributed by the two product quality attributes, ‘healthy dish’ and ‘delicious and tasty’. After the factor loadings and factor rotations there are two components derived which are termed as “Pizza size and ingredients” and “Nutritional factors”.

This study aims to analyze the relationship between safety consciousness, safety motivation and safety knowledge on safety citizenship behavior in the manufacturing industry in Indonesia. The manufacturing industry is one of the industries with a high level of occupational accident risk. A total of 95 workers in the manufacturing industry in Semarang will be used as respondents to see their perceptions of safe working behavior. The data processing method uses SEM with the help of smart-PLS software. The results of the study show that safety consciousness has an effect on safety citizenship behavior, safety knowledge and safety motivation. Meanwhile, safety motivation has a positive but not significant effect on safety citizenship behavior and safety knowledge. The results of this study recommend companies to increase supervision related to the implementation of safety procedures at work, implement a reward and punishment system to increase worker motivation in implementing safety procedures at work, provide regular safety training and monitor their effectiveness. maintain work safety by cultivating safety at work, maintain relationships between superiors and subordinates related to safety at work and encourage worker participation to provide advice in improving safety performance.

The importance of learning outcomes of online English for Specific Purpose courses in higher education and choosing the best bended model of language teaching has increased rapidly and a lot of studies have proved this issue. However, a few researchers have been discovered that how blended model can affect learning out comes in higher education and accounting students in particular. Thus, this pilot study main goal is to determine and analyze students’ perception of blended model compared to the face-to-face course delivery, and their learning outcomes achievement. The research was conducted at the non-public university in Iran, within the ESP course. The research sample included 86 accounting students of various semester totally. Both teaching forms, face-to-face and blended model, were adapted for 16 weeks, i.e., one semester. Two written didactic tests were used as collecting data tools. The questionnaire was applied for monitoring students’ feedback on the blended learning mode. The results show students ‘s higher motivation and better learning outcomes test scores and no significant differences were discovered. However, blended course had good learning outcomes for the students with lower level of English.

This paper aimed to investigate the effectiveness of safety and well-being management system at the Dar es Salaam Port. The study used a sample size of 60 people all being the employees and management of Dar es Salaam Port. Several observed towards adequacy of effectiveness of safety and healthiness management system at a workplace. The study found that a great part of employees including the management aware of the existence of SHMS at the port. However, it noted that injuries occurred at the port frequently, at the order of 10 or above accidents per month due to hazardous cargo handled, machines use, air pollutions and heavy cargo. In additional to low awareness, low number of environmental assessments and inadequate administration of SHMS laws. The recommends that awareness on safety, well-being management at workplaces needs to be enhanced and that OSHA as sole workplace environmental regular needs improved to make it more effective. Additional, the study recommends that employee safety and well-being are essential aspects of human rights that need to demand by the workers and human rights activists.

This paper attempts to find out the factors that contribute to the success in retail sector of Bangladesh when using big data analytics in their business operations. Recently, there is a driving success in the retail sector in Bangladesh for adopting big data analytics in their operations. So, it was necessary for identifying what is/are contributing to this increasing success. To carry out the investigation, 9 constructs were developed including 1 dependent and 8 independents. The 8 independent variables “Cost saving”, “Increased revenue”, “Speedy data management”, “Future demand”, “Micro targeting customers”, “Better inventory management”, “Better pricing management” and “Product development” were expected to be driving the success in retail sector when using big data analytics (Dependent variable). For this, a survey was carried on the mid/higher level employees of organizations with a close ended questionnaire including questions related to the variables. To analyze the survey data a Statistical Software (SPSS) was used to run reliability tests, multiple regression and find out the correlations between the independent variables. 8 hypotheses were developed for individual independent variables and were accepted or rejected based on their beta standardized coefficient score. In conclusion it was seen that, four hypotheses were accepted. The independent variables “cost saving”, “increased revenue”, “speedy data management”, “future demand” were the only contributing factors that drove success in the retail sector for using big data analytics.

Enterprises engaged in tax avoidance activities, the purpose of which is either paying less tax or deferring tax payment. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between tax avoidance and firm value. This study used public listed companies on the Taiwan Stock Exchange over the period 2010-2017, based on empirical regression analysis to study the effects of tax avoidance behavior on firm value and measured with effective tax rates as tax avoidance measures. The empirical results show that corporate tax avoidance will be reflected in the reduction of the Effective Tax Rates (ETR) and the expanding of the book-tax differences (ETR), which will have a significant negative impact on the value of the enterprise, that is, the reduction of the effective tax rate enables the enterprise to pay less tax and raise the firm value. Moreover, when the financial income of enterprises is greater than the income from taxation, the higher the degree of corporate tax avoidance, the higher the enterprise value.

Going all the way back to 31000 BC, the Pprotodynastic/Ancient Kemetians/Egyptians were so well-informed about the import of contextualization in their daily lives that even hair and hairstyles were contextualized. Yet, today, the descendants of Africans in other parts of the continent who are the ancestors of the Kemetians are willy-nilly ready to accept all sorts of Western-oriented development designs without demanding that when targeted at them they be contextualized based on Africa’s realities and necessities-i.e. African-centered. This negligence is true of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in September of 2015 and accepted by Africans. Approximately one-third of the 2030 Agenda timeframe already completed, Africa is only relatively on track to meet the following three out of the 17 goals: (1) SDG 5, gender equality; (2) SDG 13, climate action; and (3) SDG 15, life on land. Given how the SDGs were contextualized, I therefore tender the proposition that the missing African-centered conceptualization has put Africa in the position to miss most of the SDGs and the few achievements not be sustained. Thus, the following four major research questions are probed in this paper: (1) what is the essence of contextualization? (2) What is African-centered contextualization? (3) How has Africa performed on the SDGs? (4) What could have been done for Africa to perform better on the SDGs? In order to test the preceding proposition and provide answers to the questions, the research methodology employed is a mixture of descriptive and explanatory approaches. Also, both secondary data from existing studies on the topic and primary data from the United Nations and the Sustainable Development Goals Center for Africa (SDGC/A) were utilized for the analysis.

This study aimed to determine the direct and indirect effect of product quality and price on purchasing decisions through buying interest at PT. Bintang Anugrah Sehati. The design of this research is explanatory through hypothesis testing to test the causal relationship between the variables of product quality, price, buying interest and purchasing decisions. The data used in this study is primary data by surveying by distributing questionnaires to 162 customers of PT. Bintang Anugrah Sehati. The data analysis method used is the sobel test method and path analysis. The results showed that buying interest can be as a mediating variable on product quality and price on purchasing decisions of PT. Bintang Anugrah Sehati, the value of the total effect is compared to the direct effect of product quality on purchasing decisions and price on purchasing decisions. This means that by increasing product quality and price, customer buying interest also increases, followed by an increase in purchasing decisions.

This research examines logistics and supply chain processes associated with the provision of humanitarian aid commodities for internally displaced persons. From extant literature, scholars have identified some gaps, thus calling for new insights to address the logistics issues of this nature. The perceived barriers and strategic steps toward reducing these obstacles and are extensively revealed in this paper. We concluded that problems associated with the inefficiencies identified in humanitarian logistics of this domain is because of misplaced hierarchy of needs  of internally displaced persons (IDPs). Moreover, there are no speculated procedures for addressing matters of such concern as expected from the national heads such as the government; rather tardiness is associated with the whole process, and there is often no timeliness in deriving support from concerned stakeholders. Furthermore, agencies are not duly involved in planning ahead for such events, thus leading to sub-optimality in the humanitarian supply chain processes. Having observed these lapses associated with logistics of humanitarian concerns, especially as it relates to the IDPs, we recommended adequate planning and proactive measures that should be deployed to arrest such occurrences and assuage their negative effects.

The Sultanate of Oman is witnessing widespread activity in the emergence of a large number of home businesses, which benefit from the remarkable development in advertising and electronic marketing methods spread on the Internet and social media. The objectives of the study are to identify the major factors that affect home business owners, the factors that influence the registered and unregistered business units, analyze the reasons for the reluctance of unregistered home business owners to register with Sanad Office. A sample of 129 home business owners are contacted. About 40% of the home business owners are engaged in food preparation. About 12% of them are engaged in handmade products. The main factor that influenced to start the homebased business is that they could manage the business effectively followed by the liking and interest in that business. About 81% of the non-registered units and 41% of the registered home business units are getting the orders though mobile application. About 47% of the registered units and 63% of the non-registered owners stated that customers will buy directly from their home itself. Owners of Registered home business units prefer to promote to their customers about their products through Instagram (47%). At the same time owners of non-registered business units prefer to communicate with their customers through WhatsApp (42%). Both owners in registered units (41%) and non-registered units (45%) face a challenge in proper promotion. Both the registered units (53%) and non-registered units (58%) owners require training support to sell their products.

This study investigated the effect of population quality on service industry growth from a micro perspective. The results show that China’s service industry reaches the turning point at which its accelerated growth begins in 2011 and along with technological progress and increase in per-capita income, high population quality is playing an increasingly important role in this accelerated growth. Furthermore, population quality affects service industry growth through at least four channels: (1) the comparative advantage effect (personal consumption turns to the types of services in which the high-quality population has a comparative productivity advantage, therefore progressively more services are no longer self-provided, but are rather produced by the high-quality population in the market); (2) the opportunity cost effect (for the production of any specific service, the high-quality population is confronted with higher opportunity costs, so they choose to purchase external services instead; with the increase in skill premium and proportion of high-quality population, there is a rise in the proportion of service consumption in the whole society); (3) the mental preference effect (the high-quality population has a higher preference for consumption and production of service products; the overall improvement in population quality pushes society to develop an increasing inclination for consumption and production of service products, thus raising the proportion of service consumption); (4) the relative price effect (the rise in relative wages of the high-quality population forces the relative prices of service and material products up, thus increasing the nominal proportion of the service industry measured in terms of present value). The findings of this study provide important theoretical evidence for determining China’s current stage of economic development. While the Chinese economy has reached the Lewis turning point, such findings provide policy suggestions for the high-quality development of the Chinese economy and transformation of China from a service industry giant into a service industry power.

As a government institution, the dynamics of the Indonesian Armed Forces Tentara Nasional Indonesia (TNI) organization are in line with the dynamics of other Indonesian government institutions. One of the national dynamics that also influenced the organization of the TNI was the national reform movement as a result of the fall of the New Order regime in 1998. This dynamic has led the TNI to carry out the same reform program in order to position itself properly and optimize its role in the order of national life. Bureaucratic reforms carried out within the TNI include aspects of doctrine, structure and culture that are in line with national bureaucratic reform policies in order to realize clean and authoritative governance. Doctrinal aspects include improving software and working mechanisms as the embodiment of various laws and regulations, both doctrines, manuals and fixed procedures that are used as guidelines in carrying out tasks. Priority policy of structural aspects include various improvements in the field of organizational structure, adjusted to developments occurring nationally, in order to create effective and efficient management. Meanwhile, the cultural aspect is directed at changing the mindset of soldiers and compliance with the law and human rights and discipline of soldiers in carrying out their main tasks.

This study aims to examine the effect of budget participation, organizational commitment and motivation on the performance of government agencies in Pacitan Regency (OPD). This research was conducted by distributing research questionnaires to each OPD in Pacitan Regency. The data analysis technique used multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the study inform that the independent variable of budget participation has an effect on the performance of government agencies. Budget participation can made increasing government performance achievements by involving each personal in charge to prepare their budget activities. Organizational commitment variable has an effect on the performance of government agencies. The organizational commitment made the government agencies have strong commitment to achieve their goal easier. Finally, this study also informs that motivational variables affect the performance of government agencies. Moreover, results of the research can contribute directly to reconstruct the agency theory in public sector accounting scope and model to increase government agencies performance.

Today, businesses not only rely on traditional but also incorporate digital promotional strategies to reach a broader segment of their customers and potential customers. It is through the era of digitization that companies have been able to track and analyze customer’s behaviour. Even the percentage of people using the internet is rapidly increasing. More than any other platforms, people have inculcated the habit to scroll Instagram, Facebook, Pinterest and other such social media applications. Businesses have grabbed this opportunity and are implementing their marketing strategies to promote their products and services over these platforms. The purpose of this study is to compare the online fashion promotional strategies of Instagram and Facebook used by Hennes and Mauritz (H&M) and Label in India. The study focuses to understand different elements resulting in greater consumer engagement.

Synergy of state-owned business entities and private owned business important to do to create the independence of the defense industry. The role of state-owned business entities and the private sector is carried out by implementing the development of the defense industry: Ownership, Market, Industrial Base, Government Role, Foreign Sales Mechanism, Dual-use, Research and Development (R&D). The research is carried out with a qualitative approach with the results of making strategic policies for the development of the defense industry with a strategic plan that places the private sector and state-owned enterprises as the lead integration which is expected to be able to make the development of the defense industry independent.