Background: Swallowed foreign bodies are not uncommon in a typical ORL practice and could be wrought with a lot of challenges in the management. This study is therefore to determine the pattern, presentation and outline their management and challenges encountered. Methodology: A retrospective review of all patients diagnosed of foreign body ingestion seen in the ENT surgery department of UPTH within the period of 2016 to 2020. The patients’ records, clinic, ward and theatre register were the source of the data. The biodata, presenting complaints, management and outcome were collected and analysed. Diagnosis was made on the basis of history, clinical findings, radiological evaluation and confirmed at surgery. Results: There was a total of 32 subjects; 19 males and 13 females. The age 1-10 years were the most affected; 46.9%. Fish bone was the commonest object and was seen both in children and adults while dentures were the second commonest and found only in adults. About 31.3% of the foreign bodies were seen as radiopaque on x-ray while 17.5% were diagnosed based on presence of soft signs. .Most had emergency oesophagoscopy; 87.5%. Failed oesophagoscopy was recorded in 3.1%. Conclusion:Swallowed foreign body is commoner in children and males are more affected. Fish bone and dentures are the objects commonly swallowed. While dentures is seen more in adults, toy parts, button batteries and other small objects are commonly seen in children

Introduction: Sleep is the time of the day when the mind and body finally get the well-deserved rest. Medical students, are constantly compromising on their sleep, in order to spare time for increased workload, curricular demands, social expectations, technology for recreation and communication. Medical students are also subjected to potential stressful situations like social responsibility, an overwhelming academic curriculum and having to learn complex clinical skills. Objectives: 1) To study the sleep pattern among undergraduate medical students. 2) To find the prevalence of perceived stress in study participants. 3)To determine the association of sleep pattern with perceived stress in study participants. Design: Cross-Sectional study. Methods: Total 350 undergraduate students from Vardhman Mahavir Medical College, Delhi were enrolled by stratified simple random sampling. A self-designed, pretested, semi structured questionnaire along with PSQI and PSS10 was used. Results: Out of 350 students, 41.7% (146) were females and 58.3% (204) were males. The mean age of the students was 20.22 ±1.63 years. About 57% (199) students had poor sleep quality and 67.7% (237) had moderate stress. Sleep Quality in study participants was significantly associated with Perceived Stress. Conclusion: This study reports high prevalence of poor sleep and perceived stress among medical undergraduate students. 

Central precocious puberty (CPP) is a rare disease. In Spain, the annual incidence in girls ranges from 0.13-2.17 new cases per 100,000. CPP in girls is usually idiopathic. Only 7-15% is related to an intracranial lesion. Intracranial arachnoid cysts are usually congenital account for 1% of intracranial masses in newborns. Intraventricular location is rare, account only 0.3-1.4%. Intracranial arachnoid cysts are usually asymptomatic but can present with CPP in 10-33% of patients. We report a case of a 7-year-old-girl presenting the unusual coexistence of CPP and a neurologically asymptomatic intraventricular arachnoid cyst. The etiopathogenesis of this association is not well recognized. Analysis of LH peaks after GnRH testing is the gold standard for the diagnosis of CPP. Although central nervous system disorders account for a higher percentage of cases in boys with CPP, they must also be excluded in girls. In this patient, brain MRI did not show hypothalamic-pituitary axis alterations or the existence of hydrocephalus, so we cannot prove a causal relationship between the intraventricular arachnoid cyst and CPP. Therefore, this coexistence may be only accidental. However, we emphasize that all girls with CPP should undergo brain MRI as part of their evaluation, as clinical characteristics, including age, do not help to predict underlying pathologies. Cyst surgery does no affect the course of pubertal development. There seems to be a consensus that in pediatric patients the indication for surgery is seizure onset, hydrocephalus, ruptured/hemorrhaged, and mass effect or slow-growing clinical course.

Pregnancy-induced high blood pressure is one of the most common and life-threatening pregnancy complications. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationship between platelet count and pregnancy-induced hypertension. 20 samples were collected from pregnant women and patients with blood pressure, where the number of platelets was measured by standard methods and all medical examinations and tests were conducted in Al Majar Alkabir Hospital

Introduction: Medical students face significant academic pressure, psychological stress and existential crisis. Personality type refers to psychological classification of different types of individuals. Type D personality is a vulnerability factor for general psychological distress that affects physical health status and people with type D personality are at increased risk of developing psychiatric disorders. A number of determinants influence the occurrence of depression, as biochemical factors, genetic, environmental factors and personality traits. Material and methods: Total 380 undergraduate students from VMMC were enrolled by stratified simple random sampling. A predesigned, pretested, semi structured questionnaire along with DS14 and PHQ9 was used for data collection. Statistical analysis: SPSS licensed Software version 20.0 was used. Simple tables and cross tables were made. For qualitative data analysis Chi-square test was used. Results: Among 380 participants studied, male students were 213 (56%) and females were 167 (44%). Out of 380 students 116 (30.5%) students had Type D personality and 264 (69.5%) students did not have Type D personality. The overall prevalence of depression was found to be 44.5%. It was observed that depression was significantly associated with Type D personality. Conclusion and recommendation: This study reports high prevalence of Type D personality and depression among medical undergraduate students. Timely intervention in the form of diagnosis, treatment and counselling for students having Type D personality, depression and other associated factors can prove to be beneficial.

Periodontists may require to provide safe treatments to patients during the Covid 19 pandemic. It is a droplet infection that is rapidly spreading throughout the globe. Hence the clinicians need take all the safety measurements while doing any dental procedures. This article would discuss the association between periodontal disease and SARS-CoV-2 virus and the recommendations for periodontal practice.

Inappropriate hospital stay increases hospital costs, decrease available resources for patients with critical situation and put patients at risk of nosocomial infections. 

It was observed that 24.3 % cases of hospital stay studied were inappropriate in Medical Side while as 41.38% cases of hospital stay studied were inappropriate in Surgical Side.