The increasing use of technology within the world has affected the promoted use of digital devices within the classroom. To address the needs of this new digital classroom, exploring digital literacy curriculum components is inevitable because the use of digital resources depends on the competences in using digital resources. In the fast-growing knowledge society, digital literacy curriculum has become one of the most important subjects. Whilst digital literacy seems to be a term that is mostly associated with higher education, its application to digital curriculum is yet to be widely exploited. This paper presents a digital literacy curriculum mixed model for higher education, in order to foster the development of digital literacy skills and explores the components of digital literacy curriculum with the aim of having students who can use digital tools to advance learning and keeping up with changing technologies as well as become global digital citizens. The components of digital literacy as outlined in this study are important in the use of digital resources because of the proliferation of digital information presently experienced due to a series of developmental digital activities in our world.

This action research was interested to elaborate You Tube videos usage as a digital tool for improving critical thinking of ESP online class in Iran. There were 50 learners of accounting major which lasted for one semester. By a few approaches which included You Tube videos about lesson playing, learners’ and researcher’ reflection and roleplay. In present paper I have strongly emphasis on the reflection of learners about using You Tube videos. For examining the theme, thematic analysis was conducted that emerged from their reflections. Based on Ary (2021, as cited in Ary, Jacob, Irvine and Walker, 2021, p. 487) action research model, action research made of eight stage as reflect, plan, act, observe, reflect, plan, act and observe. The results showed that You Tube videos were interesting and attractive for learners and improved their critical thinking. Also, they provided more engagement and participation. Learners understand lessons better and could made relation between videos and contents of their lessons by visualizing. This study proved the potential of YouTube videos as digital tools for improving critical thinking.

Combination of intrinsic motivation and culturally responsive online pedagogy is a way to plan for and reflect on online teaching that is respectful of different cultures and capable of creating a common culture that all learners in the online learning situation can accept. This paper proposes two motivational frameworks which one of them combined culturally responsive online pedagogy with intrinsic motivation and has four motivational elements, another one help learners to be intrinsically motivated to participate in online learning activities, to achieve online learning success and teachers to apply culturally responsive online pedagogy. Not only they along with a culturally responsive digital pedagogy utilizing instructional technology but also, they promote student motivation and engagement that can help overcome past issue of lacking intercultural awareness. The author illustrates teachers can successfully integrate digital media by one of the new motivational elements as Include digital media in first framework that based on the psychology of social media was designed. It helps learners and teachers work together in teaching and learning processes. In addition, social constructivist theory as a sub-theory of self-determination theory was used in second framework for doing evaluation practices in social, environmental and cultural conditions.

This study investigates the influence of Among Us video games on children’s Second Language Acquisition (SLA). The study employs a qualitative, case study approach. The data were obtained through observations from a 10-year-old child selected via purposive sampling. The data were analyzed through a deductive thematic approach and discussed using Schema Theory to evaluate the participant’s usage of the English language learned from video games. By analyzing and understanding this phenomenon, the researchers are inclined to understand how Among Us video game video games enable children to absorb knowledge and acquire a second language faster than other methods. The researcher hypothesize that the acquisition of a second language is caused by the Critical Period Hypothesis (CPH) through the facilitation of communication and context between the player and the video games. This research aspires to provide more insights into the prospect of video games as a tool for language acquisition.

These days due to digitalization, digital literacy, digital competence, digital identity and digital intelligence are becoming essential skills for all individuals especially teachers. In the process of these digital skills development, understanding their concepts and components, is essential for teachers even more than learners. If teachers have not capabilities in these four skills, they couldn’t transfer any knowledge to learners in online environments undoubtedly. Even proper, on time, enough and complete knowledge transferring from teachers to leaners never happened. The present qualitative study, measured teachers’ awareness about these digital skills by semi-structured interviews and based on the retrieved data, proposed a Quality 4D (digital literacy, digital competence, digital identity, digital intelligence) skills framework that shows components of these 4D skills for measuring and developing of teachers 4Dskills. This framework can help to teachers in transferring knowledge in online environments and raise their awareness. The results of this study show that teachers had low awareness about 4D skills and couldn’t understand and define 4D skills very well.

The researcher aims at bringing out the nature of imperialism and how it is highlighted in Science Fiction especially in H.G. Wells’s The War of the Worlds. The text projects the galactic imperialism. The researcher studies the text from the imperialistic point of view by illustrating the social, geo-political, psychological and cultural relation and also the similarities and difference between the Martian society and the European society depicted in the text.

This study aims to determine the ability of students in mastering the basic theorems of integral calculus, radioactivity material and to determine how much influence the ability of the basic theorems of integral calculus in studying radioactivity material. In collecting the data, a test on the basic theorem of integral calculus and radioactivity was used. The test was given after learning the basic theorems of integral calculus and radioactivity material was completed. To analyze the data in this study using statistical concepts, the steps taken are calculating the normality test, regression linearity test, correlation coefficient, test of the significance of the correlation coefficient and the coefficient to be determined. From the data analysis, it was obtained that the correlation coefficient value = 0.66, the meaning of the correlation coefficient = 5.043 and the coefficient of termination = 0.4356. These results indicate that 43.56% of the variable x can explain the variable y. The data show that there is a significant contribution to the ability of the basic theorem of integral calculus in studying radioactivity material. 

The purpose of this study was to x-ray the incidence of examination malpractice among nursery and primary school children and the impact on their learning. The study adopted a survey research design. The sample of the study consisted of 81 nursery school teachers and 119 primary school teachers drawn through a multi-stage sampling technique. Two research questions and two hypotheses guided the study. The instrument for data collection was a researcher constructed four point Likert type questionnaire consisting of 21 items. The instrument was validated by two experts in measurement and evaluation and a total reliability of 0.82 was determined using Chronbach alpha. The research questions were analyzed using mean and standard deviation while the hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance using t-test. The findings revealed that examination malpractice occurred among nursery and primary school children in the form of girraffing, collusion with peers and teachers telling children answers and this had a lot of impact on the children’s learning. Based on the findings, it was recommended among other things that teachers should make efforts to demystify examinations especially at this level by introducing current best practices that focus more on assessment for learning. Also they should inculcate in the children moral values, self-confidence and right attitude to work.

This study focused on the construction and standardization of Mathematics achievement test for Senior Secondary1 Students (SS1). A total of 80 item objective test items were initially generated from SS1 mathematics curriculum using a table of specification. The items were validated and passed through a process of item analysis by administering to a sample of 300 SS1 students. Forty items emanated from the item analysis and were further administered to 1000 SS1 students in Onitsha Educational Zone of Anambra State within a time interval of 1 hour. A mean score of approximately 22 was calculated and that became the norm for the 40 item objective test items. The study equally revealed that there was a statistically significant mildly positive relationship between the difficulty index and the discrimination index.

The study explored the implementation challenges of the Building Technology and Design (BTD) updated curriculum in Kwekwe District secondary school of Zimbabwe. The study was prompted by the challenges faced by secondary Schools in Zimbabwe to implement the updated curriculum after its inception in 2017 in the country. The study adopted a qualitative approach and a descriptive case study design. Two schools were selected for the study using purposive sampling technique. The study sample comprised two school heads, four BTD teachers and ten BTD Ordinary Level learners from both rural and urban school communities. Data was collected from urban participants using Instant Messaging Interviews (IMI) and focus group discussion via WhatsApp and through face-to-face interview and focus group discussion from rural participants. Results showed that BTD teachers who took part in the study were all qualified, but were not up skilled academically and hence could not teach some aspects of the BTD curriculum. The study also showed that there were inadequate resources and poor remuneration for teachers which resulted in them being de-motivated. The study recommends that government should source funding to finance the process, train and employ more secondary schools BTD teachers, as well as improving teachers’ working conditions. The study also recommends that government should help schools put up relevant infrastructure for the effective teaching and learning as well as organising updated curriculum training workshops for BTD teachers. The study further recommends BTD teachers to upgrade themselves academically so as to remain relevant in the system.

The teacher has a great responsibility in stabilizing students’ national goals and common skills. In order to carry out this procedure, they should have a sound knowledge of the syllabus and the teaching and learning process. It is also mandatory to seek the support and the guidance of the relevant educational authorities. The results of a teacher’s level of job satisfaction is directly interrelated with the quality and productivity of the job and is responsible for the organizational and emotional feelings of a teacher which in turn leads to a worker-friendly atmosphere. The objective of this study was to examine the levels of job satisfaction among graduate teachers working in the secondary schools in the North Central Province. Seven hundred secondary school graduate teachers were selected from both Anuradhapura and Polonnaruwa districts as the sample of the research. While the random sampling method was used to select the sample, a questionnaire was used as a tool to collect data. SPSS 21 version has been used to analyze the collected data. The mean score of ten variables were calculated and t-tests were also applied in the comparison of job satisfaction according to the gender and school type. One Way ANOVA was applied to compare job satisfaction according to period of service experience and the type of first degree qualification. Research findings showed that the secondary school teachers were slightly satisfied with student relationships and their promotions but not satisfied on salary. There was a significant difference in job satisfaction between the national school and provincial school graduate teachers. No significant difference was found between male and female teachers relevant to job satisfaction. Further there was also no difference in job satisfaction between 1C school and 1AB school graduate teachers. There was a significant difference in levels of job satisfaction between the period of service experience and the degree programme they had followed: Education, Aesthetic, Art, Commerce, Science and Mathematics. Finally, it can be concluded that it is important to implement measures to increase the levels of job satisfaction among graduate teachers by the relevant authorities to reap a maximum harvest from education as expected by the government, educational administrators and principals.

Accumulated over time, the use of indigenous technical knowledge by the Maasai in protecting livestock against poor nutrition, improper breeding, pests or parasites, diseases as well as injuries emanating from accidental incidences caused by predation, lightning, raids and vehicles is on the decline. Knowledge on biodiversity used to conserve forests that ensure regular supply of water, availability of pastures and herbal plants for livestock treatment is unrecorded. The co-existence of the Maasai with wildlife albeit the danger they pose on livestock lives and the environmentally friendly techniques used to sustain the environment for future generations are diminishing. Oral channels used to transmit the Maasai indigenous technical knowledge by way of stories, riddles and proverbs from one generation to the other are also rare. Information on conservation agriculture practice, manure as well as stinging nettle uses by the Maasai is scarce as the extension service providers are largely absent. The purpose of the study was to determine the knowledge pathways being used to transmit and preserve ITK in livestock protection in Loita Ward of Narok County. The study employed a survey research design and was carried out in Loita Ward of Narok County, Kenya. The target population was the 30,130 pastoral Maasai households in Narok South Sub-county while the accessible population was 2,437 households in Loita Ward who applied indigenous livestock protection techniques. A sample of 120 respondents was selected through proportionate random sampling method. Qualitative data generated from Interview Schedule, Focus Group Discussions and Key Informants were studied and analyzed using Thematic Content Analysis in order to establish inherent facts and information about the extent of use of ITK in livestock protection. Statistical Package for Social Sciences was used for quantitative data analysis. The study revealed that most custodians of ITK knowledge are the community members themselves, cultural elders, herbalists, moran institution, seers and healers who have a lot of information for every subject ranging from weather, herbal medicine and treatment, vegetation, spiritual besides others. The knowledge practices are orally passed from person to person through personal communication channels like stories, songs, proverbs, myths, cultural values and cultural ceremonies. Whoever has this knowledge holds it on behalf the community. This study recommends that the National Government and the County Government of Narok should safeguard the documented ITK of the pastoralists as it is a vital resource and knowledge from total loss and its exploitation by other people at the expense of the owners, the Maasai. The many stories, songs, folklore, proverbs and questions and answers sessions among the Maasai pastoralists were effective oral channels communicated from one person to the other. These pathways are fast, efficient and effective ways of sharing information and have served the Maasai well. The enhancement of the traditional communication methods with Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) such as computers, internet and libraries will improve accessibility of the integrated ITK. Mainstreaming of this oral channels communication in the new Kenyan Competencies Base Curriculum (CBC) could help improve children oral communication thereby improving their art of listening and comprehending information as they share this through the use of phones, internet and electronics. 

Here, I would like to analyze the opinions of the parents towards the implementation of the policy of teaching English from the first standard based on their opinions on the necessity of teaching English language, English language as a compulsory subject and their knowledge of the present state of English language teaching in classrooms. My intention here is to test whether the opinions of the parents meet the objectives of the Government and policy makers or not. The Government already declared that it had passed the order relating to the implementation of the policy of teaching English from the first standard on the basis of public demand. So, here I want to test in which conditions the parents are and what their perceptions are of this whole exercise related to teaching English language.

Food insecurity remains globally widespread and stubbornly high. In Kenya, more than 10 million persons and their households are highly food insecure. Irrigation is one of the means by which agricultural productivity can be improved to meet the growing food demand. Small-scale farmers often face difficulties in production of their produce and are consequently prone to food insecurity. Contract Farming (CF) is a possibility to improve such a situation. The extent of the influence of contractual farming arrangements on household production, food security and incomes in the study area has not been investigated and documented and therefore necessitating this study. The main aim of this study was to assess influence of contractual farming on household food security in Weiwei Irrigation Scheme, Pokot Central Sub-County. This research adopted descriptive survey research design that involved collection of information through interviews and questionnaires from a sample of respondents. The target population of the study was 298 smallholder farmers in Weiwei Irrigation scheme engaged in contract farming with Kenya Seed Company Working. The study used systematic random sampling technique to arrive at the required sample size. The questionnaires used to collect data was developed by the researcher and validated by experts in agricultural education and extension field. The research instruments were pilot tested to determine the reliability of the instrument in Perkerra Irrigation Scheme, Marigat, using a samples of 30 farmers. Using Cronbach's alpha, an index of 0.92α for the questionnaire was established. Data collected was analysed using ordered logistic regression. This study found that engagement in contract farming significantly improved household food security. This study recommended that farmers in the study area should be encouraged to engage in contract farming in order to improve their food security status.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the policy of strengthening character education in instilling character education for learning from home in the new normal era. Various problems and phenomena that occur in society, seem to be an indication that character teaching has not occurred optimally. The complexity of life is often a driving factor for the emergence of attitudes and behaviors that are not based on the characters taught in the learning process in educational units. This type of research was literature research, which is a series of research activities related to the method of collecting library data, or research where the object of research is explored through a variety of library information such as books, scientific journals, newspapers and other relevant documents. The data analysis technique used in this paper was descriptive analysis, namely describing the data obtained and describing them systematically, then given an understanding to answer the problems that have been formulated. Evaluation of policies to strengthen character education as well as the needs of students becomes the basis for formulating character education policy formulas and it is our collective responsibility from the central level (Kemdikbud), the local government level (Province/Regency/City) to the level of the Education Unit, parents, family and community and should be carried out holistically so that the policy of strengthening character education involves all parties from the concept to the operational level. Strengthening the policy of strengthening character education will run optimally if all parties involved in the implementation of education work together and collaborate with full awareness and responsibility. All stakeholders that there should put character education as the main spirit by involving the wider community in the education ecosystem, always self efficacy, innovate and familiarize method best method, found a way most appropriate learning strategies and focusing on the most important thing.

The study investigated the perception of teachers on the challenges facing the implementation of the new senior secondary education curriculum in Nigeria, using the public and private secondary schools in Ondo State as the focus. To achieve the purpose, a descriptive-survey design was adopted. 2 research questions were raised while 2 hypotheses were formulated. Multi-stage, stratified and simple-random sampling techniques were adopted to select the sample, which consisted of 14 Public Secondary Schools, 14 approved Private Secondary Schools, 84 Public Secondary School teachers and 84 teachers from the approved Private Secondary Schools (6 teachers per school). Data were gathered through the use of a self-developed and structured questionnaire, validated and tested for reliability, correlation coefficient being 0.90. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package on Social Sciences, frequency counts, mean and percentage. The 2 hypotheses were tested using a chi-square statistic. Findings revealed in the public schools that inadequate qualified teachers, lack of workshop, inadequate equipment, lack of laboratory, inadequate instructional materials and infrastructural facilities, among others, faced the implementation of the new curriculum. In the case of the Private Secondary Schools, inadequate funding, erratic power supply, poor students’ background, wrong choice of subjects by students, among others, were the challenges facing the implementation of the curriculum? No significant difference was also found in the perception of male and female teachers, but a significant difference in the case of teachers in public and private secondary schools. The need for government to allocate more funds to the education sector, provide more infrastructural facilities including functional workshops and laboratories, adequate equipment, instructional materials and tools for secondary schools across the state; as well as the production of relevant textbooks for teachers and students, among others, are recommended.

The Indonesian government has continuously pursued to improve the quality of its education. One of the crucial factors in empowering the education is through strengthening the quality of teachers and teaching profession. This article aims to explore teachers’ professional practices and expertise in Indonesia by considering the theory of ‘presence’ in teaching. Presence can be defined as the capability of teachers to connect and engage with students mentally, emotionally and physically in the learning environment for teachers to be able to meet the needs of students in learning. This article is divided into two sections. Firstly, it addresses the current educational practices and explores the problems of teachers’ pedagogies in Indonesia. Using data from existing research and surveys, it reveals that the requirements for standardised test and ranking system, the culture of transmission model in teaching and the hierarchical relationship between teachers and students bring the education further away from the essence of what it means to teach. Therefore, in response to these problems, the second part of this article suggests the needs of teachers to reconceptualise their current understanding of pedagogy and to employ the concept of teacher presence in teaching. In doing so, teachers are expected to build connection with students, connection with pedagogical and content knowledge and connection with parents and communities. 

Research is a process aimed at seeking new knowledge, in this case, it will seek to find alternative ways in the field of new technologies that serve to support special educational needs. Society demands these technological contributions to solve problems and allow man to work with greater ergonomics; the school, a social institution, also needs these resources so that all students can build a functional and meaningful teaching-learning process. The Educational System proposes an education that meets the educational needs of all students; and from these pages it is intended that new technologies are a way of supporting that attend to diversity.

The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between family conditions and the social environment of people in vulnerable situations in the District of Abidjan. The method used is the qualitative interview, which is part of a clinical sociological perspective based on anthropology and psychological cognitive and eco-systemic. The results show that within our corpus some families could appear more disadvantaged and therefore more vulnerable than others. In these situations, it is not the disability of the brother or sister that is the highlight in the story, but rather the existence of family experiences preteritant development harmonious and having marked people.

The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of guided discovery teaching method on retention of Upper Basic II students in English Studies in South Nigeria. The design of the study was a quasi- experimental research. The study was guided by two research questions and two null hypotheses which were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The population of the study was 693,631 Upper Basic Students (346,040 males and 347,591 females) in the zone. Two intact classes were randomly selected to constitute a sample size of 100 students to get a control and experimental group. The experimental group was taught units of lessons in English Studies using guided discovery method while control group was taught the same lessons but using lecture method for four weeks. Four weeks after the administration of post-test 1, the same test was rearranged and administered as post-test II to test the effect of the treatment on retention. Students’ scores in ESAT were used as data which were analyzed using Mean to answer research questions and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to test hypotheses. The study revealed that guided discovery teaching method had a significant enhancing effect on Upper Basic II male and female students’ retention ability in English studies although the female students retained significantly higher than their male counterpart. Some recommendations were that teachers should adopt the use of guided discovery teaching method, instructional materials used during lesson presentation should be such that generate interactions among students to aid retention amongst others.

The power of internet resources had hipnotized the students to use it for everyday life in digital era. Today’s students would not be separated from using their mobile phone everywhere and everytime. Most of them had excellent digital literacy, so the teaching learning process should be transformed by utilizing information technology. Using internet based learning created meaningful and joyful learning atmosphere, because it was suitable with the students’ need and relevance to real world. “Webtoon” defined as an animated cartoon or series of comic strips published online originated from Korea. It was used as the media for teaching Extensive Reading. This study aimed to demonstrate the teaching of Extensive Reading through “Webtoon”for the students of English Education Department, Institute of Teacher Training and Education Budi Utomo Malang, Indonesia. The method of the study was descriptive research, focussed on the demonstration of using “Webtoon” in the teaching of Extesive Reading. The result showed that using “Webtoon” was potentially beneficial in enhancing students’ independent learning especially for the competence of reading.

Background: The current study investigated the status of workplace accidents in relation to time of day and the contribution of fatigue in the frequency of occurrence of occupational accident in Kenya between June 2008 and June 2009. Materials and Methods: Data was obtained from accident reporting forms (DOSH Form 1) in the Directorate of Occupational Safety and Health Services (DOSHS) and 320 subjects in 8 occupations in the Nairobi metropolitan were interviewed through 320 questionnaires with a return rate of 98.7%. Results: It was established that 1472 occupational accidents had been reported in Kenya in that year from 88 industries. From a low in the morning the highest number of accidents occurred between 1000 hours and 1200 hours and between 1600 to 1700 hours, with peaks of 226 accidents, between 1100 and 1200 hours and 182 between 1500 and 1700 hours. Conclusion: The study concludes that the rate of occupational accidents in Kenya is high and that occurrence of accidents varies with time of day at the workplace. We recommend that DOSHS should strive to understand the underlying factors responsible for high number of accidents and ensure employers put in place mechanisms to minimize accidents including worker training programs.

Le théâtre noir africain francophone a connu des mutations et un renouvellement de ses thématiques et de ses formes tout en préservant les éléments de la tradition orale et de la culture populaire. Le théâtre africain s’est avéré, jusqu’ici, l’un des terrains de prédilection de la revendication culturelle; l’un des lieux privilégiés la « réactualisation » des traditions culturelles africaines.

The purpose of this study was to identify and describe the computer studies programme strategies that secondary schools in Cameroon have put in place to implement computer studies. A survey was carried out in 120 secondary schools in the 10 Regions of Cameroon. Data were collected through various means: document analysis, classroom observations, questionnaires, interviews, analysis of students’ academic performance in computer studies at the General Certificate of Education Advanced Level and Baccalauréats and a focus group discussion with national inspectors. The data so collected were analysed using descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation. Findings revealed that the strategies used for the implementation of computer programme include infrastructure and readiness strategies, planning and preparation strategies, strategies for training in computer, strategies for motivating students and teachers in the use of computer skills, sustainability, maintenance and support strategies and strategies for evaluating the computer studies programme. It also found out that school socio-economic area, the school type (or ownership) and the type of education offered by the school affected the strategies for implementing the programme. Recommendations were formulated for practice at the national, regional, school and classroom levels. The study recommended that both the Government of Cameroon and other stakeholders in education should plan adequately and prepared secondary schools to be ready for the implementation of the computer programmes in the school system.

Womanhood is a term ascribed to being woman and its characteristics and idiosyncrasies. It is a term ascribed to a mature adult of the female gender. In some areas of Africa womanhood is so debased that one wonders if the wrongs of gender inequality and sensibility can ever be redressed. Even after the Beijing conference and the twenty first century, some of these unspeakable abominations are enshrined in the culture that when you raise objections you are quickly labelled a feminist and an anti-cultural person. This issue raises three hypothetical questions: Is being a woman in some regions of the world synonymous with marginalization, in which way can a woman vividly portray what she feels as a person irrespective of her gender and can a three dimensional art aptly capture the travails of womanhood. Anchoring on the theoretical frame of Karl Marx conflict theory and methodologically adopting the qualitative mode of enquiry and sculpture studio research methods of welding, modelling, dicing piecing stringing and wrapping. Manised labourer placed in a strategically place sent out direct messages to the onlooker to pensively review without haggling of words the travails of women in the society.

The study investigated the perceived impact of OPAC on effective retrieval of information resources by postgraduate students in Benue State University, Makurdi. The study looked at the perceived impact of OPAC on effective retrieval of information resources, purpose of utilizing OPAC by postgraduate students, search strategies used by postgraduate students for effective retrieval of information resources, challenges as well as strategies to enhance the use of OPAC by postgraduate student for effective retrieval of resources. Five (5) objectives with corresponding research questions guided the study. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. The population of the study was made up of 38 postgraduate students who are registered with Benue State University Library. However, the census sampling was adopted for the study due to the small nature of the population. The instrument for data collection was self-structured questionnaire titled “Perceived Impact of OPAC on Information Retrieval Questionnaire” (PIOPACIRQ) which was validated by experts and a reliability coefficient of 0.947 was obtained. Data was collected and analyzed using frequent count and means. Findings of the study revealed that, there is a high perceived impact of OPAC on effective retrieval of information resources by postgraduate students in Benue State University, Makurdi. Finding also revealed that, postgraduate students in Benue State University, Makurdi utilize OPAC for various purposes such as to know the available resources in the university library, to locate books by author, title and subject, assists in obtaining books from the university library, among others. Finding also revealed the search strategies used by postgraduate students for effective retrieval of information resources in Benue State University Makurdi to include by author, title, subject and edition. The study further revealed the challenges hindering the use of OPAC for effective retrieval of information resources in Benue State University, Makurdi to include: lack of skilled library professionals to assists students, lack of orientation from library staff, lack of time to retrieve the vast information, slow internet connectivity speed, among others. Findings finally revealed some key strategies to enhance the use of OPAC for effective retrieval of information resources by postgraduate students in Benue State University, Makurdi which include: employment of skilled/competent library staff, need to design user-friendly OPAC template, improvement of internet connectivity speed and organizing user education program to orientate postgraduate students on the use of OPAC, among others. Recommendations were also made based on the findings of the study.