Researchers are studying gene drive from the 1880s. Gene drive gives the organisms with modified genetic makeup, who can meet the challenges of this ecosystem in a better way as compared to the non-modified who do not have this potential. It is the field of genetic engineered tools. With the help of gene drive phenomenon, we can protect the endangered and threatened species. Applications of the gene drive are enormous and mind blowing. There are different tools of the gene drive like ZFNs, TALENs and CRISPR/Cas9, These are the most common sources of gene drive which provide us excellent options of editing. CRISPR/Cas9 has made the editing more easy and efficient due to the production of very less chances of off target cuts. Nowadays, CRISPR/Cas9 is considered as the most authentic and useful way of editing. But simultaneously, the marvelous technique of the CRISPR/Cas9 requires further laboratory and field research for production of the environmental friendly results.  So, the plenty of the efforts are mandatory to make in the field of this revolutionary technique, the compelling reason for doing these practices is just to cope with the case of different climate conditions and the diverse variety of the organisms.

Changes in the number of  lymphocytes in the blood of three sizes of Clarias gariepinus exposed to three pesticides paraquat dichloride (PARAQ), 2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate (DDVP) and dimethoate (DMC) at the concentrations of 0.00 control, 1.00, 2.00, 3.00 and 4.00 mg/L were carried out. The result obtained indicated a concentration dependent increase which was more pronounced in the fish exposed to   paraquat dichloride, followed by DDVP, while the lowest effect was observed in the fish exposed to dimethoate in all sizes of the fish. The result revealed that paraquat was more toxic to the fish, causing more stress as indicated through elevation of the lymphocytes in the blood stream of the fish.

The haematological variations in Sarotherodon melanotheron exposed to sub lethal concentrations of linear akyl benzene sulfonate based detergent were investigated. One hundrerd and fifty adult sizes of S. melanotheron (mean length 10cm + 1.99 SD and mean weight 105.11g+8.33 SD) were exposed to different concentrations. (0.00, 0.50, 1.00, 1.50 and 2.50 mg/L) of alkyl benzene sulfonate for 15 days. The study assessed the effect of exposure to detergent on some haenatological parameters which include Haemoglobin (Hb) , Red blood cell (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), white blood cell (WBC), leucocrit, thrombocytes, neutrophils, lymptocytes, monocytes, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and oxygen carrying capacity (OCC). The results obtained indicated a significant (P<0.05) reduction in the values of Hb, RBC, PCV, leucocrit, thrombocytes, lymphocytes, MCHC, and OCC, with increasing concentrations of the contaminants. However, exposure of S. melanotheron  to alkyl benzene, caused significant (P<0.05) elevation in the values of WBC, neutrophils, monocytes, MCV and MCH when compared to the control values. Exposure of this specie to sub lethal levels of detergents distorted various mechanisms of its haematological variables, which may result in irregular metabolism of the fish. Consequently, there is need for proper disposal of domestic wastes containing detergent into the aquatic environment.

The efficacy of different maturity stages of Indian almond tree leaves (Terminalia catappa) as anaesthetics in  African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fingerlings was carried out. A total of 180 fingerlings of C.gariepinus were procured from African Regional Aquaculture Centre, (ARAC), Aluu, Port Harcourt. They were exposed to different maturity stages (newly bud, matured and dead) of Indian almond tree leaves extracts at different concentrations of 0.00 (control); 10.00, 20.00, 30.00, 40.00 and 50.00 mg/L.  The results obtained indicated that induction time decreased significantly (p<0.05) as the concentrations of the Indian almond tree leaves extracts increased.  The highest induction time (515.01±11.43 s) was recorded in the fish exposed to newly bud leaves at 50.00mg/l. While the lowest (282.05±11.03 s) was recorded in matured leaves at 50.00mg/l. However, the longest recovery time (980.81±10.00 s⁾ was observed in the fish exposed to   newly bud leaves at 50.00mg and the shortest (682.05±12.02 s) in fingerlings at 50.00mg/l of the leaves extracts. The three stages of maturity in the leaves of Terminalia catappa used in this study induced anaesthesia and recovery at different times at the same concentration. This discrepancy may be explained by the differences in maturity of the leaf that produces the extracts. It is therefore recommended that the matured leaves can be used in quick handling procedures in aquaculture. While the dead and newly bud leaves could be used for light and long sedation activities such as stripping and transportation of fish in aquaculture.

Crop yield is a function of genotypes, environments, and crop managements. Nitrogen is one the most yield-restraining crop nutrient in crop production globally. Blanket recommendation of Nitrogen fertilizer for all location by taking research result of specific area without recognizing the inherent soil properties of specific areas and genotype used under particular conditions could not be replicated to some other area expecting similar output. Hence, the current field experiment was conducted in 2016/17 to investigate the Response of Medium Maturing Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrids to Different Rates of Nitrogen Fertilizer under Irrigated condition at Melko, Jimma Zone. A factorial experiment involving three maize hybrid two of which were quality protein maize hybrids (BHQPY545, MH138Q) and one conventional hybrid (Shone)widely used in study area;and  four rates of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha^-1) were tested in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three  replications. The result indicates that as both main effect of maize hybrids and N - rate was significant (p<0.05) on, plant height, ear length, number of kernel per ear and only main effect of N-rate was highly significant (p<0.01) on number of ear per plant. However, both main effect of N-rate and maize hybrids was not significant (p<0.05) on hundred kernel weight. Similarly, the result depicted that the main effect of N- rate and maize hybrids was also highly significant (p<0.01) on grain yield and above ground dry biomass yield. Grain yield increase from 4094.7 to 7950.5 kg ha^-1 as N-rate increase from zero to 150 kg ha^-1. Significantly lowest (5778) and highest (7100.9) kg ha^-1 grain yield was obtained from hybrid, MH138Q and BHQPY545, respectively. However, there was no statistically significant difference between hybrids, BHQPY545 and Shone on grain yield performance. On other hand significantly lowest (8732) and highest (14084) kg ha^-1above ground dry biomass yield were obtained from 0 and 150 kg N ha^-1, respectively. However, there were no statistically significant difference between nitrogen fertilizer rate of 50,100 and 150 kg ha^-1 on above ground dry biomass yield. Significantly lowest (10546) and highest (13344) kg ha^-1above ground dry biomass yield was obtained from hybrid, MH138Q and BHQPY545, respectively. Main effect of nitrogen rate was also significant (p<0.05) on harvest index. The lowest (0.48) the highest (0.57) harvest index, was obtained from 0 and 150 kg N ha^-1, respectively. The interaction effect was not significant (p<0.05) for all parameter under study.

The COVID-19 pandemic and the associated lockdown for a long period have created a significant adverse impact on different sectors, including that of agriculture and other allied sub-sectors in Bangladesh. The present study aimed to depict the impact of this pandemic on the goat production system in the country, which has been one of the fastest-growing sectors in recent years. Data were collected randomly from 30 goat farms from Khulshi, Pahartoli, Ak Khan areas of Chattogram metropolitan area., Bangladesh. The study reveals that the majority (53.33%) of the farmers were middle-aged and 66.67% had no training in goat farming. About experiencing goat farming, 73.33% of farmers fell into the category of having 3 to 6 years of experience and 26.67% of the farmers had more than 6 years of farming experience. The data also shows that the prices of feed both roughages and concentrates increased during covid-19. Total cost per goat per month escalated during the pandemic to taka 2266.8 from taka 1822.26 while total return reduced to taka 8145.16 from taka 9356.18. Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) on a cash cost basis was 6.03 before covid-19 and 4.34 during covid-19. BCR on a full cost basis was 5.13 before covid-19 and 3.59 during covid-19. Paired sample test indicates that there is a significant relationship between the monthly income from goat production before and during covid-19 in the selected farms. The mean value of monthly income between 2020 and 2019 is -1251.38, an indication of a highly significant (p<0.001) negative impact on profitability and a lower income during the covid-19 scenario. Regarding problems in goat rearing, data indicated that among the 11 major problems, ‘high feed cost due to covid-19’ ranked first with 106 problem indices (PI). Other major problems are lack of credit facility, Wholesale price fall due to pandemic, Decreased market demand of goat meat, Insufficient and inadequate veterinary services, Lack of government assistance, etc. The government should introduce evidence-based strategies with the implementation of small-scale goat farming and livestock development projects that could cover the emerging needs of the future.