The current study included a survey of intestinal parasites causing diarrhea among children arriving to Al-Hussein Hospital in the city of Diwaniyah, and evaluated the levels of IFN-ˠ (ng /l), IL-2 (pg /ml), and) IL-10 (pg /ml), and their nutritional status over a period of 6 months, starting from October to March (10/1/2021 - 3/1/2022). The results showed that the numbers of infected samples reached to 320, while the numbers of non-infected people were 580. Compared to children in cities, children in rural areas had a higher infection rate. Giardia lamblia is the most widespread of the parasites under study, while the lowest infection rate was recorded in this study is H.nana , and this may be due to the fact that this worm needs an intermediate host in its life cycle. As for the effect of some blood indicators of the infected children, it was found that the hemoglobin percentage and BMI in the infected children decreased compared to the control group, and the parasitic infection did not affect the weight and height of the infected children. There is also an increase in the levels of (IFN-ˠ (ng /l), IL-2 (pg /ml), and) IL-10 (pg /ml), in infected children compared to the control group.

The study was designed to investigate the causes of infertility in Iraqi goats (Capra hircus) during the breeding season in Al-Muthanna province from June to November 2021. Twenty-eight infertile goats (study group) and six fertile goats (control group). All animals were examined for causes of infertility by visual inspection of the external genitalia and using transabdominal and transrectal ultrasonography. Results obtained that the most important causes diagnosed by ultrasonography were; higher percent (46.43%) of endometritis, inactive ovaries (21.42%), moderate percent (14.29%) of pyometra, (10.72%) of luteal ovarian cysts, and lower percent (7.14 %) without clear diagnostic causes. Hormonally; there is a significant increase (p<0.05) in the serum progesterone level (l34.69±11.71) in the case of luteal cysts and pyometra compared with the control group (0.93±0.28), and a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the serum estradiol level in all causes of infertility compared with the control group. In contrast, cortisol evaluation revealed a significant (p<0.05) higher level of cortisol in the case of ovarian inactivity (67.12±11.20) and luteal ovarian cysts (62.50±9.27) compared with the other cases and compared with the control group (28.79± 4.42). This study concluded that endometritis, pyometra, and hormonal disturbances (inactive ovaries and luteal ovarian cysts) form the most important causes leading to infertility in Iraqi goats (Capra hircus).

The study included an inhibitory study of two types of medicinal plants Camellia sinensis and Eucalyptus sp. against two types of pathogenic bacterial isolates, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Two types of extracts were made for both plants, the aqueous extract of Camellia sinensis was characterized as having the most effect on Escherichia coli at a concentration of 200 μl and the alcoholic extract of Camellia sinensis was characterized as having equal effect on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The aqueous extract of Eucalyptus sp. was characterized as having an effect on Staphylococcus aureus at a concentration of 200 μl. but the alcoholic extract of Eucalyptus sp. was characterized as having a greater effect on Staphylococcus aureus at a concentration of 200 μl. The sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics was examined using Ampicillin, Erythromycin, and Piperacillin antibiotics. Escherichia coli bacteria were characterized by being more resistant to all antibiotics, while Staphylococcus aureus were sensitive only to Oxacillin.

The sunflower crop is one of the most important oil crops in the world. It gives the largest amount of oil per unit cultivated area because its seeds contain a high percentage of oil that may reach 50%. The expansion of its production began globally since 1993, and it is one of the high-quality oils. Which is used in human food and soap industry. In addition, the meal is used in different animal diets because it contains a high percentage of protein and different mineral elements. The aim of the research is to determine the factors affecting the demand for the sunflower crop in Iraq, by estimating the demand function for this crop for the period (2000-2022) and knowing the price elasticities and intersectionality and income to benefit from its results in drawing up an agricultural economic policy to advance the reality of agricultural production. As well as knowing the effect of price policies followed by the state (minimum policy) in determining the equilibrium price of sunflower and the local demand for it. The demand function for the sunflower crop in Iraq was estimated for the period (2000-2022) by considering the consumed quantity of the crop in question as a dependent variable, the local price and the price of the yellow corn crop as a competing crop for the crop in question, the average per capita income and the population as independent variables in the model and using the linear and double logarithmic model The logarithmic half and the inverse logarithmic half in the analysis, the double logarithmic function was chosen as the best function based on its superiority over other functions in the statistical tests (T, F, R2) and for the agreement of its parameters to the economic logic. The income elasticity of demand, whose value is (0.352), indicates that the satisfaction obtained from the Iraqi individual’s consumption of this crop is high, and this naturally explains the Iraqi consumer’s appetite for consuming this crop even in light of its high prices, which was explained by the weak response of the consumer to changes in prices, that is, He tries to get the largest possible satisfaction from the sunflower despite its high prices, and this is explained by the value of the price elasticity of demand, which amounts to (-0.912). Also, the positive sign of the income elasticity of demand gives the impression that the sunflower crop is a natural and necessary commodity. The research recommended the need to pay attention to the sunflower crop, starting from its cultivation in the land and reaching its final consumer, and this necessarily requires that the problems that hinder its presence on the consumer's table be overcome, permanently and at reasonable prices. The research also recommends the need to work on consumer awareness to maintain appropriate consumption rates for what is available. of this commodity in the market, and this is done by carrying out media campaigns not only for this commodity, but in general for all consumer commodities and for the sunflower crop in particular.

A field experiment was carried out in one of the fields of Taza district in Kirkuk Governorate for the agricultural season 2022-2023 in order to determine the effect of soaking wheat seeds with gibberellic acid and foliar spraying with boron at three levels of each and the interaction between them on some growth characteristics, yield and yield components of bread wheat Triticum aesttivum L, research category. 22 A completely randomized block design R.C.B.D was used, with three replications, which included soaking concentrations with gibberellic acid 100, 50, and 0.0 mg GA3. Liter ^-1 Boron spray concentrations 300, 150, and 0.0 mg B. L^-1. The results showed significant differences when treated with soaking at a concentration of 50 mg GA3. L^-1 in the characteristics of the number of branches 373.11 branches.m^-2, the height of the plant 101.13 cm, the duration of seed filling 46.80, the weight of a thousand seeds 46.32 grams per day, and the grain yield 6.25 tons.h^-1. While the concentration exceeded 100 mg GA3. Liter ^-1  in the two characteristics of the chlorophyll content in the leaf 26.53 CCI and the protein percentage 12.27%. The level of spraying with boron exceeded 150 mg B. L^-1 in the characteristics of grain filling time 46.54 days, weight of 1000 grains 46.36 grams, grain yield 6.03 tonse1- and protein percentage 11.76%. The combination of the binary interaction between gibberellic acid and the boron element 50 mg GA3.L-^-1 and 150 mg B.L^-1 was distinguished from the rest of the combinations by giving it the highest averages in the number of branches 395.98 branches m^2-, the height of the plant 103.13 cm, and the duration of seed filling 48.74.  day, the weight of 1000 grains is 48.94 grams, and the grain yield is 6.96 tons.ha^-1.

Effecting of hormonal gonads on Transitional protein one gene frequency in infertile men is highly widespread, as patients can be influence with these hormones (LH, Testosterone ,Prolactin and Dopamine) which is effected through produce with it. Therefore, the present study aimed to determining the influence of hormonal gonads on Transitional protein one gene. The current study included 100 patients with highest relationship between homozygous mutant type TNP1 gene and hormonal gonads as according to Testosterone hormone (0.966) at the level of significant (P≤0.05) while there was no relationship between wild type TNP1(-0.445) . DNA was Extracted from the two sets and amplified TNP1 gene with technology of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) so as Albumin gene (internal control).  The highest effecting was in Dopamine (0.793heterrozygous) as well as there is relationship between homozygous , wiled type TNP1 subsequently(0.699,0.693) at the level of significant (P≤0.05.LH while there was no relationship between wilde type TNP1(-0.542).

In this research, the phytochemical compounds of olive leaf extract were determined using gas chromatography.Seventeen chemical Chemicals in the extract were found, and they were discovered. compounds depend on the chemical function, peak area, molecular weight, retention duration, and molecular formula A GC-MS analysis indicated the presence of the following chemical compounds: Eucalyptol. (4-Methyl-3-Pentenyl) consists of a methyl group. oxiranemethanol, alpha. -Methyl-alpha. - (4-methyl-3-pentenyl) 1-5-7, octatrien-3, ol 3-7-dimethyl, dimethyl-1-octen-3-yl-acetate, 1,6-octadien-3-ol, and oxiranemethanol 1-7-7-Trimethy-l-Bi-cyclo (2.2.1) (1S-endo)- and 4-Heptan-2-ol, 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)-, (R)-, L-heptan-2-ol. alpha. - Terpineol, Linalyl acetate, 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)-acetate, geranyl acetate and 4-hexen-1-ol, Phenol, 2-4-bis(1-1-dimethylethyl)-, Caryophyllene oxide, and 2 -5-5-8a-Tetramethyl-6-7-8-8-a-tetrahydro-5H-chromen-3-one.

The Philippine agriculture sector’s contribution to the Gross Domestic Product shows a declining trend while around 31% of the labor force depends on this sector for survival. The study explores the factors affecting the Philippine agricultural output using time series data from 1995 to 2016. Population, CO₂ damage and agricultural expenditure are variables hypothesized to affect the Philippine agricultural output. It also explored the mediating effect of governance in the link between agricultural spending to agricultural output. Path analysis was used to explore the links among the variables. Population and CO₂ damage were found significant factors determining the Philippine agricultural output. Moreover, while population positively affects agricultural output, CO₂ damage, on the other hand, negatively affects agricultural output. Governance shows full mediation as indicated by the link between agricultural spending to agricultural output. The result recommends that while population directly determines the level of output, it has to be ascertained that the increase in food must be sufficient to meet the increase in population. Adaptive capacity and mitigation strategies related to climate change must form part of production programs to address the challenges to productivity and sustainability in the agricultural sector.

Although stomata conductance (Gs) and transpiration (Tr) are important for gas exchange (CO2 and H2O), none of the available studies have considered variation in Gs and Tr between old and young leaves in savanna trees such as (Combretummolle, Piliostigmathonningii and Balanites aegyptiaca). The study aimed at addressing variability in Tr and Gs of three species and their response to changes in canopy microenvironment. Measurements were conducted in Ruma National park. Two treatments and three replications were used in the experiment arranged in a completely randomized design. Results revealed that all the three species recorded highest Tr and Gs in young leaves compared to older leaves. P. thonningii exhibited the highest values followed by C. molle and B. aegyptiaca with the least. Highest Gs of 1.092±0.73 µg cm-2 s-1 was recorded in young leaves of P. thonningii. Similarly, highest mean Tr of 15.73±0.92 µg cm-2 s-1 was recorded in young leaves of P. thonningii followed by C. molle (13.02±1.6 µg cm-2 s-1). There was no significant relationship (p<0.05) between Tr of old leaves of all the species with leaf temperature. B. aegyptiaca, and C. molle exhibited a positive relationship between Tr and VPD in old and young leaves with highest coefficient of determination of R2 = 0.9 obtained in B. aegyptiaca and P. thonningii. Our findings show that estimations of the rate of Tr and Gs is species specific and relies on the microenvironment that the selected leaf is exposed to as well as the age of the leaves. When modeling Tr and Gs from humid tropical savanna trees, generalization of leaf physiological traits is likely to present contradicting results that may underestimate or overestimate their gas exchange attributes.