iarjalsIARJALSIARJALS2708-5104https://doi.org/10.47310/iarjals.2023.v04i02.002Determinants and the Mediating Effect of Governance in the Philippine Agriculture OutputKarenDebbie J.CosrojasThe Philippine agriculture sector’s contribution to the Gross Domestic Product shows a declining trend while around 31% of the labor force depends on this sector for survival. The study explores the factors affecting the Philippine agricultural output using time series data from 1995 to 2016. Population, CO2 damage and agricultural expenditure are variables hypothesized to affect the Philippine agricultural output. It also explored the mediating effect of governance in the link between agricultural spending to agricultural output. Path analysis was used to explore the links among the variables. Population and CO2 damage were found significant factors determining the Philippine agricultural output. Moreover, while population positively affects agricultural output, CO2 damage, on the other hand, negatively affects agricultural output. Governance shows full mediation as indicated by the link between agricultural spending to agricultural output. The result recommends that while population directly determines the level of output, it has to be ascertained that the increase in food must be sufficient to meet the increase in population. Adaptive capacity and mitigation strategies related to climate change must form part of production programs to address the challenges to productivity and sustainability in the agricultural sector.