Intestinal obstruction is a common surgical condition. When the contents (including solid and liquid) in the small or large intestine cannot oscillate normally and pass through the intestine smoothly, patients may experience four common symptoms: Abdominal swelling, recurrent abdominal pain, vomiting and defecation Frequency and fart are significantly reduced or disappeared Notable. Once the above symptoms are combined, it is best to seek further medical examinations. Adhesions after abdominal or pelvic surgery (about 50%), hernia (25%) [1-3] and tumors are the most common causes of small bowel obstruction, while the common causes of large bowel obstruction are colorectal cancer, volvulus and diverticulitis. Simple intestinal obstruction can cause an electrolyte imbalance in the body, causing organ function disturbances [4-6]. If left untreated, it may cause intestinal perforation and intestinal contents and bacteria will contaminate the abdominal cavity, resulting in peritonitis and peritonitis [7]. Severe intestinal obstruction can cause necrosis of the intestine; at this time, it is necessary to surgically remove the necrotic part and then sew two segments of the intestine.

The causes of intestinal obstruction can be divided into three main categories; the third category is less common.

Mechanical intestinal obstruction: Damage or dysfunction of organs and tissues due to external factors, i.e., intestinal obstruction. Part of the condition is that the opening through which the intestines can pass becomes smaller [8,9]. A common factor is the occurrence of intestinal adhesions during abdominal surgery, including Abnormal adhesions between the intestine and the abdominal wall or between the intestine and the intestine (gut (gut) adhesion), which results in the tube having a distinct diameter and becoming smaller. In addition, incarcerated abdominal wall hernias caused by depressions in the intestinal wall, strangulated intestinal obstruction caused by abnormal nodes in the intestine (torsion coil), abnormal tumors in the abdominal cavity pressing on the intestine, severe large intestinal diverticulitis and abnormal tumors In the abdominal cavity during expansion and contraction, the anterior part of the intestine is inserted into the posterior part of the intestine (intussusception, the main cause of intestinal obstruction in children) [10,11] and malignant neoplasms in colorectal cancer obstruct the passage of intestinal contents. In addition, indigestible food, abnormal build-up of bezoars (the condition in which stool becomes hard like a stone after repeated absorption of water), obstructed gallstones in the intestine, etc., may also cause intestinal obstruction [12].

Gastrointestinal duplication is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction and preoperative diagnosis is difficult. Digestive system duplication refers to a hollow organ with a circular or tubular structure that appears adjacent to the original digestive tract, covered with muscular and epithelial layers, gastric mucosa and partially pancreatic tissue. Intestinal malformations can occur anywhere from the esophagus to the anus, the ileum being the most common and usually located on one side of the mesentery, but a few on the opposite side of the mesentery [13]. Abnormalities of duplication of the small intestine can be divided into extraintestinal cystic type, extraintestinal tubular type, intestinal wall cystic type and diverticular type. The length of the lesion ranges from 6 to 50 cm [4]. In a few cases, multiple malformations may occur, such as common esophageal intrathoracic malformations. In this patient, the duplication of the small intestine was located on the mesangial side and was a tubular type outside the intestine.

Patient Sample

Thirty patients were collected from different Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq and by relying on the statistical analysis program SPSS 22 to analyze the demographic data and information of the patients.

Study Design

All patients were screened to obtain all their demographic information and data. All patients who underwent this study had radiological and clinical evidence of acute intestinal obstruction. Pediatric patients were excluded and a complete physical examination of the patient was ensured, including examination of the body for surgical scars on the abdomen. Minor bowel obstruction may result in high frequency activity (active bowel sounds), the patient's bowel sounds become underactive, Bowel sound is heard, or the bowel is not heard. In addition, imaging tools to diagnose bowel obstruction include abdominal X-rays, imaging of the intestine with a soluble contrast agent in water, abdominal computed tomography or dissection; both can be used to diagnose where a blocked or obstructed bowel is causing the obstruction.

Study Period 

The necessary and required information for this one-year study was obtained from 9-9-2020 to 8-9-2021.

Aim of Research 

The research aims to Study of the different etiologies of intestinal obstruction and the factors affecting the type of administration.

Statical Analysis

The analysis of demographic data and information in this study was based on the spss22 program and included the following analyzes:

• 1-Mean value

• 2- SD

• 3- Frequency

• 4- Crosstabulation

Thirty patients were collected from Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq and the research aimed to Study of the different etiologies of intestinal obstruction and the factors The affecting type of administration and based on data analysis by a specialist in the statistical analysis program SPSS 22, we find that the mean value and SD to the patients’ ages were 35.7±5.87. The distribution of patients was based on gender; as shown in Table 1-3, we find that the proportion of men was 16 patients, 55 percent and women 14 with 45 percent, as for Table 4-6, which shows the Etiology of intestinal obstruction, where the highest percentage was found. Eleven patients for Adhesions and Carcinoma Colon came in second place in 4 patients. As for the least recurring types, it was in Intussusception for patient 1. Intestinal obstruction is one of the most common acute abdominal diseases in general surgery and although medicine has made great progress, the mortality rate due to intestinal obstruction is still high, about 5% to 10% and if intestinal strangulation occurs again, it can be the mortality rate rises from 10% to 20% and some bowel obstructions may be completely treated after the cause of the obstruction is properly removed. About 90% of intestinal obstruction due to adhesive insufficiency can be relieved by conservative treatment, but 50% may recur. The treatment of intestinal obstruction includes non-surgical treatment and surgical treatment. The choice of treatment method depends on the cause, nature, location, general condition and severity of the obstruction. Regardless of the type of treatment used, the first step is to correct the water, electrolyte and acid-base disturbances caused by the obstruction and to improve the general condition of the patient. It is necessary to accurately understand the general information and conditions of the patients and to choose the most appropriate surgical method for the patients. Antibiotics can be administered to the patient, as the patient underwent left colorectal cancer with intestinal obstruction, one-stage resection and anastomosis [13]. At the same time, we have found in clinical practice that the key to reducing postoperative complications and perioperative mortality lies in preventing anastomotic leakage. Several measures can be taken:

• Preoperative preparation of patients quickly and effectively, giving enough antibiotics

Table 1: Frequency of Patients According to Age

Table 2: Distribution of Patient According to Gender

Table 3: Distribution of Cause According to Age and Gender

Table 3: Continue

Table 4: Intestinal Obstruction

Table 5: Distribution According to Surgical Procedures

Table 6: Frequency Statistics of Age Patient

a. Multiple modes exist. The smallest value is shown

• Completely decompress the proximal intestinal tube during the procedure, remove the intestinal contents, use normal saline to compress and rinse, ensure a sterile environment during the procedure [3]

• Ensure good anastomosis technique

Intestinal obstruction is a problem that must often be encountered in clinical practice. For such patients, the course, type, location, etiology and degree of intestinal obstruction should be analyzed and whether there is an emergency such as strangulated bowel obstruction or perforation. The difficulty of diagnosis lies in judging the etiology and the principle of common diseases first, then rare diseases, unity first and then multiplicity must be taken into account. When making the primary diagnosis, the patient's medical history should be carefully reviewed to see if it can explain the full picture of the disease. If there are still doubts, the possibility of multiplicity should be carefully analyzed. Indications for surgical treatment of intestinal obstruction must be reasonably understood and the optimal timing of surgery must be understood to achieve maximum benefits for patients.

Recommendation

• Simple cases of obstruction that do not require surgical intervention improve within only 2 to 5 days

• Cases that require surgical intervention and stay in the hospital between 7 to 8 days after the operation

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