The main indicators reflecting level of socio-economic development countries are incidence and disability. Under the World Health Organization "Liquidation removable blindness in the world. Vision 2020 ", among the selected eye diseases, by which have created target programs, fourth place is taken by ophthalmology children. Globally, according to WHO, the main causes of visual impairment are: uncorrected anomalies refraction (myopia, hyperopia or astigmatism) - 43%; unoperated cataract - 33%; glaucoma - 2%[2]. It is known that 75-90% of external perception the world is carried out with the help of sight.

One of the causes of visual impairment is myopia. This is due to its wide spread and tendency to progression, irreversible changes in the fundus. Myopia is lasting takes I-II place for reasons of primary vision disability among young people age [3] According to KazNIIGB for 2014, refractive errors are the leading the cause of low vision in children and adolescents. Currently, a pressing problem children's vision protection is an increase in the level school myopia, in many ways, due to increased visual load. If untreated, prompt the progression of myopia leads to irreversible changes in the fundus and decrease in visual acuity. Myopia ranks first among the reasons visual disability in children (35.9%) and makes up 20-25% in the structure of all ocular diseases. According to statistics, every 5th person suffers from myopia teenager, 10th child and according to active medical examinations the prevalence of myopia is 3.5 times higher officially registered quantity children with myopia. According to forecasts, the number children with myopia will double the next 3-5 years. 

The term astigmatism, astigmatism, or astigmatism is used to refer to one of the eye problems that cause blurry vision or blurred vision and this condition occurs as a result of an imbalance of the cornea or its lens and it is indicated that the cornea represents the front transparent layer of the eye and either The lens is the inner part of the eye that gives it the ability to focus on things and it is worth clarifying that the aberration of vision is not classified as a stand-alone disease, but rather a problem that causes a disturbance in the nature of vision, [2] and in fact, vision aberration is classified as a refractive eye problem, It refers to those disorders that cause the eye to lose its ability to achieve the refraction of light on the required face and because the aberration of vision causes this problem, it has been classified within the refractive problems as we have shown and in the context of talking about refractive defects, myopia and farsightedness are among these problems as well.

In order to understand the reason behind the occurrence of the aberration, it is necessary to address some parts of the eye in greater detail, as it is worth clarifying that the retina is the part of the eye responsible for creating the images that a person sees and in order for the retina to do its work, the refracted light must reach it. And the parts that deflect or break light in the eye are two organs that have a curved surface, namely: the cornea and the lens aforementioned and in cases of the normal eye the curvature or curvature of these parts in the eye is well suited to enable the creation of images with extremely high concentrations in the retina, Consequently, vision is clear without any problems, but if the curvature or concavity of the lens or the cornea is different from the normal position, this causes the light to be refracted in two different ways, which leads to the formation of two different images in the retina and then the two images overlap with each other to appear at the end The terminal is in the form of an image accompanied by blurring or blurring, meaning that it is not clear and therefore it can be said that the aberration of vision is one of two types; Either the lenticular aberration (Lenticular astigmatism) in which one of the edges of the lens is not curved in the correct way, or the corneal aberration (Corneal Astigmatism) in which one of the edges of the cornea is not curved in the correct way. Later life stages; after exposure to a certain factor, or it may be of unknown cause in other cases and in any case, the aberration of vision does not worsen with reading in dim light or with sitting close to screens and it is also not caused by such behavior.

Design: cross-sectional study the sample is continuous Studies were it included a large group of young people the average age of the respondents.

He was 19.2 years old. Research program. Study it was carried out in two stages. It was the first stage a youth survey was conducted. They had been view a questionnaire that includes questions about History of nearsighted relatives, about the preferred method correcting the eyesight about the reason for the absence Ametropia correction, age of onset Myopia, previous operations, injuries,previous diseases of the organ of vision, Fatigue and redness in the eyes. The second stage has been implemented Ophthalmic examination Includes viscometry, pre- and refractometry after cycloplegia on the autorefractometer Medizs RK 11 Biomicroscopy of the upper part of the eye Slit lamp "Huvitz back and forth Ophthalmoscopy. To accomplish Muscle paralysis applied eye drops Tropicamide 1% (Tropicamide 10 mg in 1 mL, Rompharm) in five minutes Eye drops "Ciclomide 1" (Cyclopentolate Hydrochloride 100 mg in 1 mL, manufacturer Promed"), then after 30 minutes Refractometry.

Statistical Analysis

Received data are mainly presented in the form absolute values ​​and percentages. Analysis qualitative data was carried out using the Pearson Chi-square test. Communication presence the degree of myopia and gender have been tested with using the Kendal Tau S criterion. Per physiological corridor of emmetropia accepted value ± 0.50D, deviation from zero value. For the degree of refraction the value of the spheroequivalent after cycloplegia. Critical significance level p when testing statistical hypotheses in this study was taken equal to 0.05. Statistical analysis was carried out at SPSS software help version 20.0. 

The study was included 188 (31.4%) are boys and 410 (68.6%) female. Characteristics of the participants Search availability At least one parent has a disorder Visibility) is shown in Table 1.

Among the surveyed students, emmetropia was detected in 326 (54.5%) people. One student was diagnosed with anophthalmos of the right eye, but since there was emmetropia in the left eye, he was assigned to the group of emmetropes.

Visual impairment was detected in 272 (45.5%) students: myopia - in 226 (37.7%) and hyperopia - in 46 (7.6%). The frequency of the spread of myopia among the examined students is 4.9 times higher than that of hyperopia (p <0.001) (Table 2).

Among the 272 students with refractive errors, almost three quarters were girls (n = 201; 73.9%; p<0.001), both in the myopic group (n = 176; 77.9%; p<0.001) and in the group hyperopes (n = 25; 54.3%; p = 0.555). At the same time, we did not find a statistically significant relationship between the degree of myopia and gender (p = 0.303).

In terms of the degree of refractive error, a mild degree predominates statistically, both in myopia (p<0.001) and in hyperopia (p<0.001). Myopia mainly occurred during the period of middle and high school, which is apparently associated with an increase in the load on the eyes of children during this period (p<0.001). There were no traumatic eye injuries among students with visual impairments.

Of 272 students with visual impairment, only 88 (32.4%) had at least one of the parents with refractive errors: 78 (88.6%)-myopia and 10 (11.4%) hyperopia. Only 187 (68.8%) students use means of vision correction: glasses-185 (98.9%) and contact lenses -2 (1.1%). Eighty-five (31.2%) freshmen do not use vision correction tools, although they need it. When asked about the reason for the lack of vision correction methods, 32 (37.7%) students answered that they had not been examined. Were examined several years ago, but no remedies for the correction of ametropia were prescribed -5 (5.9%) students. Glasses were prescribed, but two students did not want to wear them (2.3%), 46 people (54.1%) refrained from answering.

About 173 (63.6%) complain of eye discomfort in the form of fatigue, redness of the eyes -132 (48.5%) youth which indicates insufficient correction of the violation of refraction of the eyes, which leads to overstrain of the visual apparatus and manifests itself in the form of a feeling of fatigue and redness of the eyes. 

Table 1: Characteristics of the Participants who Participated in the Study

Table 2: Distribution of the Type of Refractive Errors among Students According to the Worse Seeing Eye in Depending on Gender and Degree

Table 3: The Prevalence of Fatigue and Redness of the Eyes in Youth, Depending on the Type of Visual Impairment

We found that the prevalence of myopia and the factors that contribute to its development among young people, broadly coincide with global indicators. This requires special attention from the university leadership and the students themselves to prevent the onset and development of myopia. In polyclinics, it is necessary to conduct an annual examination of students in order to identify people with myopia and prescribe, first of all, a suitable correction of myopia. It is essential to undertake educational work on vision protection and methods of ametropia correction among students. In the future, it is imperative to develop active programs.

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