This quantitative study aims to analyze whether there are differences in students’ expectations of service quality in higher art education between two Chinese art colleges. This study adopts a descriptive research design. The sample of this study is the second-year undergraduate art education students from a vocational art college and a non-vocational art college in China (200 males and 200 females). A questionnaire set (consisting of 22 items) using five Likert scales was used to collect the data. The questionnaire was used to gauge students' expectations of service quality in five dimensions: tangibility, reliability, responsibility, security and empathy. Before the actual research, a pilot test was carried out to obtain the reliability and validity of the instruments. The study's findings indicate significant differences in students' expectations of service quality in all the five dimensions between Sichuan Film and Television College and Sichuan Vocational College of Art in China. This study has specific theoretical and teaching significance. In theory, these findings are similar to Parasuraman, Zeithmal and Berry's work SERVQUAL. The research results can better reflect this case than the five dimensions (tangibility, reliability, responsibility, security and empathy) in teaching. In addition, we need to study other factors that affect the quality of art education in colleges to improve the quality of art education in China.

The research is important in applying a new method in learning handball skills, which focuses on the activity of the learner and its positivity and helps in developing the students’ motor skills, which shortens the time and effort for teachers. From the shoulder level and this is due to the teacher’s use of the adopted method in which the teacher is the first and last responsible for the lesson in learning skills, which does not give the student a great role in improving his skill level and the study aimed to identify the impact of the participatory learning method on motor satisfaction and learning the performance of correction from Shoulder level for students of the second stage, College of Physical Education - University of Dhi Qar. The researcher used the experimental method by designing (the two equivalent groups). The researcher identified the research community, who are students of the second stage in the College of Physical Education-University of Dhi Qar for the academic year 2020-2021, who numbered (120). The research sample included (36) students who were divided into two groups, where the experimental group learned the educational curriculum in the manner of (participatory learning), while the negative group learned My arm learned by the method used by the teacher and in light of the foregoing, the researcher reached several conclusions, the most important of which is that the participatory learning method is more effective than the method used by the teacher in motor satisfaction and learning to perform shooting from the shoulder level and one of the most important recommendations recommended by the researcher are Adopting this method because of its great role in learning some handball skills.

This study aimed to identify the leadership characteristics of physical education teachers from the point of view of students of some schools in the Al-Gharraf district. To achieve this, the researcher prepared a questionnaire consisting of (24) items distributed on three areas: (The leadership field, the social field, the educational field) The first field contains (8) paragraphs, the second field contains (9) paragraphs, and the third field contains (7) paragraphs, and the study sample consisted of (60) students from some schools in Al-Gharraf District in Dhi Qar Governorate, and the results of the study showed that all fields It was influential in the personal characteristics of physical education teachers and that the leadership field came to a large extent on all fields of study and on the overall field.

Schooling is provided for different segments of people in the society, from childhood to adulthood. Schooling could be in form of formal or adult and non-formal education. The extent at which an individual pursues formal education depends on a person’s level of intelligence and the available opportunity individual has during the process of schooling. The later life of a person reveals what he/she is able to achieve as a result of involvement in schooling in life. Due to the benefits to be derived from schooling, people still engaged in going to school as a child, youth or adulthood no matter the age in any form. The study investigated the effects of schooling in later life as it affects adults in Nigeria. The study was carried out using qualitative research approach. Some academia, professionals and artisans were interviewed. Structured questionnaire guided the focus group discussion. Interaction was done with three groups: the recipients of schooling; members of the society; and children of those who went to school, totaling fifty respondents. Some recipients (85%) felt they had lived a fulfilled life as a result of their schooling; majority of the respondents among members of the society (79%) felt schooling had positive impact on their later lives; and (51%) of members of the family felt that schooling of their parents did not have any positive impact on them. It could be concluded that schooling has great impact on individual later life as it influences every aspect of his/her life. It is concluded that individual be involved in schooling to live a life worthy of emulation and be able to die well.

This study sought to examine how lecturers perceive the readiness of using Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in teaching and learning by higher education institutions in Zimbabwe during the global outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The qualitative paradigm underpinned by the descriptive survey design was employed to provide an accurate description of the variables in the problem model. A sample of 30 participants was drawn from one purposively selected university. Online questionnaires and interviews were used for data collection due to restricted movement. The results indicated that, despite all the investments in ICT infrastructure, equipment and professional development to improve education globally, ICT readiness is a challenge in teaching and learning. This study revealed that individual, institutional and technological factors contributed to the use of technology during teaching and learning processes. The study concludes that for successful transition to e-learning, lecturers must perceive the technology as better than previous practice; consistent with their existing values, past experiences and needs; and ease to use. The study recommends that lecturers need to maintain a positive attitude towards the use of technology to easily provide useful insight into the advantages of embracing it in their teaching. 

Teenage pregnancy is a problem in both developed and developing countries with developing countries registering higher prevalence. Girls drop out of school in Kenya due to teen pregnancy with Migori County being the sixth most affected. This study sought to examine the education related challenges faced by teenage mothers in Nyatike Sub-County, Migori County-Kenya. Descriptive survey design was used and a mixed methods approach utilized in data collection and analysis. The target population consisted of 145 primary schools and 27 secondary schools in Nyatike Sub-County. Both probability and non-probability sampling techniques were used. The instruments were peer reviewed and the questionnaire pilot-tested. Quantitative data analysis was done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Qualitative data was analysed using NVivo software using thematic approach. This study found that teen mothers (both the school going and out of school going) face a challenge of low academic performance and negative behaviour change as a result of teenage pregnancies. Most teenage mothers also face stigma/discrimination. Most out of school and school going teen mothers do not receive social and psychological support when pregnant. There is little or no education and learning support for teenage mothers. Likewise, there was little or no peer support for teenage mothers. The government should aim to reduce (or eliminate) the many challenges that teen mothers (both the school going and out of school going) face in their life both socially and academically. Measures to support teenage mothers in their academic progress and positive behaviour change is timely. There should be sensitization and campaigns to reverse stigma/discrimination that teenage mothers face. Out of school and school going teen mothers should be accorded with social, psychological, education/learning and peer support.

Currently there is a rapid increase of higher vocational college students in China. As such, whether the services provided by colleges meet the needs of students has become the great concern of the management. The main purpose of this study is to examine a difference between students’ expectation and perception on the overall service quality and its five dimensions in a higher vocational college in China. This study is based on Parasuraman’s SERVQUAL model. Descriptive research design and quantitative method was employed in this study. Quantitative data was collected using questionnaires. The sample of the study consisted of 400 second-year students (200 males and 200 females) from Guangdong Polytechnic of Science and Technology in Guangdong Province, China. Prior to the actual study, a pilot test was carried out to obtain the reliability and validity of the instrument. The quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive analysis and paired samples t-test (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, SPSS Version 25.0). From the descriptive analysis, the highest difference between these five dimensions is Empathy, followed by Responsiveness, Assurance, Tangibility and the lowest was Reliability. Results from the paired samples t-test indicated that there were significant differences between students’ expectation and their perception on overall service quality and empathy dimension of service quality. Therefore, findings of this study suggest that the higher vocational colleges should improve their service quality and empathy dimension of service quality is the criterion that needs addressing urgently by the management to satisfy their students.

The use of the Scaffolding teaching method in illustration performance to be efficient in enhancing students’ creation and aesthetics. This study aims to explore the effects of utilizing scaffolding method in teaching illustration among Chinese college students. A quasi-experimental design was adopted. The experiment lasted for a total of eight weeks. The experimental group was taught illustration using scaffolding method while the control group was instructed with the conventional method. The sample of the study consists of 80 second year Art college students from Qingdao Huanghai University in Shandong province, China. Two classes of students were chosen as inact group sampling (40 students in each group). A pre-test and post-test were used as straight lines, short lines, curve, regular lines, irregular lines, force and movement and the dynamic, expressing 3D space and the point combination. The data was analyzed using an independent sample t-test. Prior to the actual study a pilot test was carried out to obtain the reliability and validity of the Building, Plant, Animal and Cloud (illustration test). The findings from quantitative data showed that students of the experimental group using the scaffolding teaching method performed significantly higher in their overall illustration performance like Building, Plant, Animal and Cloud than students in the control group using the conventional method. Therefore, it can be concluded that the scaffolding method principle should be employed as an alternative method in future illustration classes. These findings have significant pedagogical implications because the scaffolding method facilitated students to improve in their illustration skills.

The objective of this study is to explore the Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) level and related influencing factors of preschool trainees in three Chinese colleges, located in different cities in Hunan Province. In this paper, the author employed a mixed method to get research data. The sample of this study consists of 383 preschool trainees (final-year students from three colleges in Hunan, China), who will be future preschool teachers, majoring in the Preschool Education and the Early Children Development and Health Management. The researcher used online questionnaire to investigate the trainees’ TPACK and the related influencing factors. The data was analyzed using one way ANOVA and the correlation test. Focus-group interview with semi-structured questions also applied in this research to get detailed information from 4 trainees. The findings clearly indicate that there is no significant differences in the mean score for the preschool trainees’ overall TPACK application level between different colleges in Hunan. And trainees’ Technological Knowledge (TK) and Content Knowledge (CK) are significantly correlated with their TPACK. The qualitative findings indicated that trainees required more practice and training in the technology courses. These findings have strong practical implication on teachers’ training colleges that they need to provide more technological training to future trainees in their curriculum.

Enhancement of students’ performance lies at the heart of educational endeavors. This is evident in the continuous search for more effective strategies to boost classroom practices and students’ learning outcomes. This quasi experimental study compares the efficacy of gamification and advance organizers in enhancing students’ performance in Basic science. The study purposively selected sixty (60) basic science students from two co-educational schools. Four null hypotheses, tested at 0.05 level of significance, guided the study. The instruments used for the study were Basic Science Achievement Test (r = 0.83) and Teachers’ Instructional Guides on Gamification and Advance Organizer strategy. Data were analyzed using independent t-test. The result t₍₅₈₎ = 16.17, p<0.05] of this study showed that gamification was more effective than advance organizer in enhancing students’ performances in basic science. The finding [t₍₂₈₎ = 3.22, p>0.05] also reveals that male and female students’ performance in basic science does not differ after exposure to gamification and to advance organizers [t ₍₂₈₎ = 3.18, p>0.05]. This study concluded that gamification is more effective than advance organizer in promoting students’ performance in basic science and both strategies are not gender bias or gender specific as they are both applicable to male and female students. It recommends that in-service training and workshop should be organized by stakeholders in the educational sector to train basic science teachers on the techniques of gamification so it can be well adopted for classroom teaching. Also, co-educational schools can employ gamification as a teaching strategy since it provides equal opportunities to male and female students.

Following innovations in intelligence and its basic changes from a unitary concept (IQ) to a multi-dimensional concept, i.e. multiple intelligences and the urgency to design classroom activities based on the second language (L2) learners’ cognitive styles, this study examined the impact of Logical intelligence-based activities on the speaking ability of Iraqi EFL learners. The participants, after being screened as intermediate level students and those whose Logical intelligences were acceptable, comprised of 29 male and 31 female learners. These were divided into experimental and control groups. Data was gathered through one questionnaire and two speaking tests and were analyzed through independent samples t-tests. The analysis of the results revealed the significant effect of Logical intelligence-based activities on Iraqi EFL learners’ speaking ability. Furthermore, the results indicated that in the experimental group there was no significant difference between males and females regarding their speaking ability. The study concludes with suggestions for EFL teachers to consider the role of Logical Intelligence (LI) in their classes and provide more effective activities to help students improve their English language speaking ability. Finally, pedagogical implications of the study on how such instruction can impact language education policy in English as a Foreign language (EFL) context are mentioned.

The purpose of this study is to provide policy recommendations related to strategies that collaborate with parties in the education sector for the advancement of education in the provinces of Papua and West Papua by focusing on education issues at the basic level, especially the elementary school level. This research method is a qualitative research with a descriptive research design model that aims to describe the phenomena that occur. The results of the study indicate that access to education services in Papua and West Papua is still poor, especially in remote areas. There is a review of appropriate policy recommendations to improve access and quality of education in Papua and West Papua such as increasing teacher qualifications, teacher distribution programs, improving education services and community involvement. The low achievement of access and quality of primary school education in the provinces of Papua and West Papua is due to weak education governance, high rates of absenteeism for teachers, so it is necessary to revise policies in improving education services to encourage the acceleration of education in the provinces of Papua and West Papua.

The study focused on the implementation of the experiential learning courses of Teacher Education Institutions of SUCs in Ilocos Sur, Philippines and the students’ learning competencies. Descriptive research design was utilized wherein questionnaires were used in gathering data and information regarding the variables involved. All state universities and colleges in the province were included in the study particularly the campuses where teacher education is the flagship program. The respondents were the internal and external implementers from the TEIs and DepEd cooperating schools respectively. The results revealed that the ELC program is very satisfactorily implemented by both groups of respondents. The students’ learning competencies in the different courses were very satisfactorily attained and has a significant relationship on the implementation of the ELC. Such results have implications on the management of the teacher education programs particularly the implementation of the Experiential Learning Courses in the institutions. Strengthening further the implementation of the ELC is highly recommended in order for the students to fully attain the intended learning competencies though it was already found out that these are very satisfactorily attained.

The study investigates the factors affecting the career choice of students in a selected Higher Education Institute in Sultanate of Oman. A sample of 248 students was chosen from three academic departments in the University. There is a weak positive relationship between all the independent variables grouped into demographic, environmental, opportunity and personality factors with the dependent variable, career choice of the students. Two opportunity variables i.e. knowledge of high paid jobs and opportunities for part time jobs even though weakly correlated have a significant impact on the career choice decisions of the students. Among the personality factors even though all the variables are weakly correlated, only social skills have significant impact on career choice path of students. The study recommends that the University Counselling Department may focus on assisting the students with professional counselling services. The On the job training department in collaboration with the counselling department may identify the training requirements of the students and provide suitable training to the students so as to improve their employability skills. Personality development programmes and public speaking training can go a long way to improve their social skills which is found to have significant impact on the career path choice. Having an active career guidance cell that provides relevant academic and career information could enable the students to make informed decisions along the way.

This study aimed to examine the extent to which the TPS model can be applied and used to improve and increase Luminus Technical University College's performance efficiency as one of Jordanian higher education institutions. To achieve this goal, a questionnaire was prepared according to study objectives and hypotheses. The study population consisted of academics, managers, department’s heads and technicians at Luminus Technical University College. A random sample consisting of 150 respondents was selected. The study used the descriptive-analytical approach. The study concluded that there is a possibility to implement the TPS model to improve performance efficiency at Luminus Technical University College. The study recommended that Jordanian higher education institutions have to pay attention to using and implementing the TPS model due to its impact on improving performance efficiency at Luminus Technical University College and similar colleges in the Jordanian higher education environment.

At present, mathematical operation literacy has generated extensive attention from all walks of life, many questions about it have been studied except the cognition of pre-service high school mathematics teachers on mathematical operation literacy. To address this gap, this study analyzed the cognition degree of mathematical operation literacy of 51 pre-service high school mathematics teachers with an open-ended questionnaire self-designed. After analyzing, it could be found that: (a) The scope of cognition is not very broad, about 40% of the content is not recognized and the communication and reflection aspect is unrecognized; (b) Their cognition is not deep, their cognitive level mainly stays at level 1. Their cognition is not continuous and linear; (c) A few aspects of cognition are relatively clear, but in general, their cognition is not very clear. The content that they can clearly recognize is mainly the definition and expression of mathematical operation literacy and the aspect of knowledge and skill. Therefore, it is suggested that: (a) Experts and teachers in charge of certification work should expand mathematical operation literacy courses and pay more attention to them (b) Pre-service teachers should fully understand the related contents of mathematical operation literacy, go deep into each level, and clarify the expression of mathematical operation literacy.

Currently, mathematical modeling literacy has attracted more and more attention from all walks of life. Many relevant problems about it have been studied except the cognitive degree of mathematical modeling literacy of pre-service high school mathematics teachers. This study investigates 51 pre-service high school mathematics teachers' cognitive degree of mathematical modeling literacy by using the method of open interview. After analyzing, it is found that: 1. The scope of cognition of the current pre-service high school mathematics teachers' mathematical modeling literacy is not wide and more than half of the content of mathematical modeling literacy has not been realized by many pre-service teachers yet; 2. The cognition of many pre-service teachers is not deep and lacks continuity or gradualness; 3. The cognition of many pre-service teachers for many aspects of mathematical modeling literacy is not very clear. Therefore, it is suggested that: 1. Experts and teachers responsible for training work should pay more attention to mathematical modeling literacy and add relevant courses; 2. Pre-service high school mathematics teachers should understand the content of mathematical modeling literacy comprehensively and deeply and clarify relevant statements.

A good work of art is that which educates while it entertains: it serves as a mirror through which hidden things are exposed for the sake of education. Literature writers write based on what happens around them and gifted writers make their works realistic, devoid of unnecessary exaggerations so that their works serve effectively as a true representation of their societies. Amma Darko falls under this category of authors with her Faceless, a realistic literature. The novel is studied as an apt representation of the author’s society and as such, it has attracted attention from many critics who explore the work using varied approaches. It is decodable from the novel that motherhood is different from womanhood so the researchers have adopted the feministic approach to parse the work and make the realistic message of the author vivid.

Climate Change is a phenomenon and situation that has to be dealt with by all governments and nations. The change in climate, though a natural process is being rapidly sped up due to human activity and development. As such, we are facing extreme weather and persistent droughts and floods, which affect us in a number of ways. The most pressing matter for the small state of Mizoram on this matter is the situation of the River Tlawng, an important source of water, going dry in summer and flooding in monsoon season. Thus, it has become imperative that the situation must be monitored closely and that steps must be taken quickly to ensure the survival and replenishment of this river. ‘Climate Change in Mizoram, A Case Study of River Tlawng’ has been prepared by the Author, David Lalmuankima, an Asst. Professor in the Geography Department and Vanlalnguri Khiangte Assistant Professor Dept. of Sociology of the Government Lawngtlai College, Mizoram with a view to enlighten and inform not only the academic circle, but with the vision that further change may come into action when the general public can understand fully and grasp the gravity of the consequences that may happen if climate change is not curbed. This paper thus points out certain facts and experiences from a ground level, thanks to the helpful and informative data provided by various NGOs such as ‘Save Tlawng Project’ and with the help of government agencies such as Mizoram State Climate Change Cell.

Irony is one of the universal linguistic phenomena that has been studied widely in different languages and from different points of view. The current paper, however, presents it from a pragmatic point of view in order to highlight its use and its implied meaning or purpose in a famous Iraqi episode belonged to a famous actor. This actor is known for his humorous prestige in criticizing things related to Iraqi society. Therefore, his language is full of linguistic devices that have rarely been studied by other scholars. Thus, the current paper hypothesizes that irony and its purposes are used effectively in the selected episode. In addition to that, Grice's maxims and another theory are appropriate to determine irony in the selected episode. This is actually concluded when a model has been applied to the analysis of this episode.

This action research was carried out with the purpose of using a Cooperative Learning strategy to improve the achievement of Form Two students of Eguafo-Abrem Senior High School, Abirem Agona, in the Komenda-Edina-Eguafo-Abrem municipal, in the central region of Ghana on some selected Core Mathematics topics and to investigate whether or not Cooperative Learning positively affects higher achieving students. It targeted a sample of 52 students who were divided into control (N = 26) and experimental (N = 26) group. The Student Team Achievement Division was employed on the experimental group for 8 weeks to achieve the purpose of the study. Quantitative data was gathered using questionnaires and tests. Paired sample t-test was run to compare the effect of the intervention on achievement scores of the experimental group. The results showed that there was a significant difference between scores of the experimental group before and after intervention (p=0.000). The results concluded that cooperative learning strategy had a positive effect on academic achievement and interest of students in Core Mathematics at the Senior High School level irrespective of students’ achievement level and has no negative effect on high achievers. The STAD Cooperative Learning strategy is recommended over the conventional technique which could be attributed to the fact that it makes students develop more positive attitudes towards themselves, peers, adults and learning in general. Cooperative Learning should be highly encouraged in schools that have the majority of their students being day students. In situations in which it is not suitable to implement Cooperative Learning in class, teachers can assign these tasks as group projects or take-home assignments for the students and this must be regular. Time is essential particularly in the early stages where students are now being introduced to the strategy, for this reason, teachers are therefore encouraged to sensitize the students before and during the intervention process.

COVID-19 pandemic has severely affected all the essential services worldwide including the education system on very concise notice. To cope with the educational crisis worldwide, physical classrooms were suddenly shifted to e-learning, resulting in enormous challenges for both the students and the educators. The medical education system suffered the major brunt as it is competency-based and requires student-patient interaction and training on real patients. The closure of medical colleges nationwide resulted in the initiation of e-learning for all the students, which initially posed a lot of challenges both for the students and the teachers as medical education on total virtual mode was a very new concept. Along with the challenges, virtual teaching has now opened newer opportunities for bringing revolutionary changes in medical education. The present article briefs some of these challenges and emerging opportunities for medical students and educators during the pandemic. The literature was searched from English peer-reviewed journals from databases including PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Google Scholar.

Currently, mathematical abstract literacy has attracted extensive attention from all walks of life. Many relevant problems about it have been studied except the cognitive degree of mathematical abstract literacy of pre-employment high school mathematics teachers. To address this gap, this study investigates 51 pre-employment high school mathematics teachers' cognitive degrees of mathematical abstract literacy through open-ended interviews. After analyzing, it can be found that: (1) The cognitive scope of the current pre-employment high school mathematics teachers' mathematical abstract literacy is not wide and more than half of the content of mathematical abstract literacy has not been realized by many pre-employment teachers yet; (2) The cognition of many pre-employment teachers is not deep and lacks continuity and gradualness; (3) The cognition of many pre-employment teachers for many aspects of mathematical abstract literacy is not very clear. Therefore, it is suggested that: (1) Experts and teachers who are responsible for educating teachers should pay more attention to mathematical abstract literacy and add relevant courses; (2) Pre-employment high school mathematics teachers should understand the content of mathematical abstract literacy comprehensively and deeply and clarify relevant statements.

At present, logical reasoning literacy has generated extensive attention from all walks of life, many questions about it have been studied except that the cognition of pre-service high school mathematics teachers on logical reasoning literacy. To address this gap, This study analyzed the cognition degree of logical reasoning literacy of 51 pre-service high school mathematics teachers with an open-ended questionnaire self-designed. After analyzing, it could be found that a. The cognitive scope of them about logical reasoning literacy is not extensive, more than half of the content of logical reasoning literacy is not recognized; b. Their cognition is not deep, their cognitive level of them mainly stays at level 1 and their cognition is not continuous and linear; c. Many pre-service high school mathematics teachers’ cognition for most aspects of logical reasoning literacy is not very clear. The content they can fully understand is mainly the definition and manifestation of logical reasoning literacy. Therefore, it is suggested that: a. Experts and teachers in charge of certification work should expand mathematics advanced literacy courses and pay more attention to them; b. Pre-service teachers should fully understand the related contents of logical reasoning literacy, go deep into each level and clarify the expression of logical reasoning literacy.

Currently, data analysis literacy has attracted more and more attention from all walks of life. Many relevant problems about it have been studied except the cognitive degree of data analysis literacy of pre-service high school mathematics teachers. This study investigates 51 pre-service high school mathematics teachers' cognitive degree of data analysis literacy by using the method of open interview. After analyzing, it is found that: 1. The scope of cognition of the current pre-service high school mathematics teachers' data analysis literacy is not wide and more than half of the content of data analysis literacy has not been realized by many pre-service teachers yet; 2. The cognition of many pre-service teachers is not deep and lacks continuity or gradualness; 3. The cognition of many pre-service teachers for many aspects of data analysis literacy is not very clear. Therefore, it is suggested that: 1. Experts and teachers responsible for training work should pay more attention to data analysis literacy and add relevant courses; 2. Pre-service high school mathematics teachers should understand the content of data analysis literacy comprehensively and deeply and clarify relevant statements.