The Dilemma of Civilization

Since the film "Avatar" was broadcast in 2010, it has aroused strong repercussions from the audience. The film has also set the highest overseas box office record ever. The success of "Avatar" reflects people's extraordinary love and affirmation for the film. The film uses the innovative 3D technology to create, which makes the audience completely immersed in the magnificent sound effect, beautiful picture, ups and downs of the plot and mixed feelings in the limited space and time. After watching the movie, it brings us deep-seated philosophical thoughts and humanistic spirit meditation and torture hidden in the film. This experience is not only sensory, but also emotional and ideological resonance. This kind of direct thing to people's hearts is the dilemma of civilization faced by all human beings. On the one hand, the progress of modern science and technology has promoted the rapid development of economy, human beings live in a highly prosperous industrial civilization era. On the other hand, in order to develop economy, the natural environment on which human beings depend for survival has been devastated and destroyed unprecedented. The human spirit is also eroded in this materialistic industrial civilization, which seriously threatens the survival of the entire human race. People began to pay attention to the key factors caused this problem. The key factor is the relationship between man and nature [1-2]. What is the relationship between human and nature? How does the relationship between man and nature come into crisis?

The Road of Civilization

The Age of Nature: In the pre agricultural era and a long social period of agricultural era, due to the low level of productivity, human beings cannot explain all kinds of natural phenomena, the basic life of human beings are directly from nature. Once all kinds of natural disasters occur, there will be large-scale famine in human society. People's basic right to survive will be seriously challenged. Human beings are struggling on the line of hunger. At this time, human beings have a strong dependence on nature.

Because they mostly adhere to the "nature centered theory". Human beings are the slaves of nature. Human beings crawl at the foot of nature. People dare not and cannot play their subjective initiative to understand nature [3-4]. People worship and even create a series of poems, fine arts and music works to praise the sanctity and greatness of nature. The legitimacy of the supreme ruler is also named God, and the essence of God is humanized and concrete nature, because only God and nature are omnipotent and omniscient. At this time, although the relationship between human and nature is basically harmonious, most people's life is not a tranquil and peaceful picture like a paradise deppicted by modern literary works. People are fighting for limited means of life and living space. There are also victims, refugees and hungry people constantly emerging from the bottom. Their lives are worthless and their lives are as light as a feather. In order to survive in the limited natural conditions, people continue to break through the bottom line and conscience as human beings. The lack of material makes people's spirit at the edge of numbness for a long time, which eventually leads to people like animals, unconscious and thoughtless [5-6]. In fact, what nature needs is not the idolatry and worship of human beings, but the world depicted in Avatar. It's about listening to it, feeling it, and finally being able to understand what it needs and resonate with it.

The Age of Mankind

Since modern times, the West has successively carried out the renaissance and the enlightenment in the ideological field. It takes human and human reason as the center, breaks through the human thought which takes God as the center and liberates greatly. The relationship between man and nature began to change quietly, and gradually began to appear "Anthropocentrism". With the development of science and technology, human beings begin to look up to see the world and nature people live in. Newton discovered the basic laws of nature, Darwin put forward the theory of evolution, which refuted the popular view of "creationism" for many years [7-11]. After that, many countries have put science and technology into social production and life, and industrial revolution is rising rapidly in the world. In this period, human beings have created more material wealth than ever before, and the living standard of the whole human beings has been greatly improved. Under the transformation of human beings, the nature has also taken on a new look. After getting rid of the state of ignorance in thought, human beings have explored their infinite potential, which has basically solved the problem of food and clothing. It has plagued human beings for many years in most parts of the world, and the life of human society has also changed from the type of food and clothing to the type of comfort [12]. 

At this time, human beings are full of self-confidence in the face of nature. They are no longer passive and humble recipients, they have changed into the masters of nature, who take the initiative to use and transform nature and serve themselves. The relationship between human and nature has undergone a huge reversal, and it seems that human beings have conquered nature. When human beings are still excited and ecstatic about this, the deterioration of the environment and the lack of resources are accompanied, these new problems directly threaten the living environment on which human beings live. Once again, they throw back the problems of human existence to human beings in a new way. At this time, the human world is still full of wars and disputes, which is nature's mockery and punishment to human beings [13-14]. The materialized human desire is opened and magnified infinitely, so that they only pay attention to their infinite desire for interests. In the course of their crazy pursuit of interests, what they bring to the nature is over exploitation and destruction. It seems that human beings have gone to another extreme. The nature people depend on for survival is already overburdened, and the future of human beings is worrying. The earth people in "Avatar" are obviously a group of materialized people in our reality. The maimed body of the hero symbolizes the double erosion of rational civilization to his body and spirit. Living in the earth's science and technology and rational civilization, he can only be a cripple. Only returning to the nature symbolized by Pandora, he will become the Savior of Pandora. In fact, what we really need to save is our real earth home [15-16].

The Solution of Civilization-Poetic Dwelling

After the collision and contact between man and nature, people have been exploring, as human beings, how do people understand the relationship between nature and human beings? How do people treat and protect nature? In fact, the "Pandora" planet of the movie "Avatar" gives us the best answer. In Pandora, there are floating mountains, strange monsters and luminous plants. There are also Nami people who can make close contact with nature and all kinds of animals and plants through their hair. Human beings, animals and nature live in harmony. Isn't this the ideal home people have been looking for? Many people think that Pandora is actually the irrational and technological earth in the pre industrial civilization period, therefore, it is suggested that people should return to the era of agricultural civilization, and people can certainly restore the harmony between man and nature. This represents people's desire for the harmonious coexistence of man and nature, but this idea of reversing history cannot be realized. In fact, Pandora is not the return of human agricultural civilization, because the life of the Na'vi people on Pandora is generally comfortable, harmonious and beautiful, this is not in line with the general living conditions of people in the period of agricultural civilization, therefore, it can only be said that Pandora is a utopia conceived by people. It is a state of surreality and super society. In the real world of industrial civilization, what can people do? Heidegger's philosophy of ecological view of nature gives the answer that people need. He believes that the root of the problem lies in people's failure to understand the nature of technology [17-19]. He believes that the most important essence of technology is the framework. In the framework of technology, people act according to the needs of technology to transform nature, and win many victories, it makes the human desire to conquer nature more and more intense. When human beings give everything to science and technology and neglect the change of the relationship between human beings and nature, which leads to the occurrence of ecological crisis, human beings themselves become slaves of technology. Survival is the eternal theme pursued by human society. Therefore, for human beings, he opposes the anthropocentrism, because anthropocentrism doesn't care about the relationship between human beings and existence, it will cause the expansion of subjectivity, and constantly invade and transcend nature. It threatens the existence of human beings, reduces the rule over the beings and things, and reduces the damage to nature, so that people can truly become adults. For nature, he advocates that man is subordinate to the earth, which is the base of his home. That man cannot consume the earth for useful purposes, all things must exist in accordance with their true state. Man and nature are integrated, the existence of man and nature is a unified whole, when human beings care for nature and listen to the voice of nature, human beings can integrate into nature and live in the poetic and picturesque environment [20-21]. When human beings care for nature and listen to the voice of nature, human beings can integrate into nature and live in the poetic and picturesque environment. Under the influence of herdrin's thought, Heidegger's thought is poetic. He used poetic language and ways to express his relationship between human industrial civilization and nature. It contains the idea and tendency of yearning for the truth and nature, it also expresses Heidegger's desire to save industrial civilization with poetry. If people do not protect the environment, they will be punished by the natural environment. Like the coronavirus in 2020, the coronavirus pandemic highlights how infectious diseases pose a threat to human survival. All this was caused by the crisis of industrial capitalist civilization in the center of mankind; the other three have been recognized: catastrophic climate change, the sixth extinction and the nuclear holocaust. The outbreaks of Ebola, Zika, dengue fever, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and influenza, as well as the threat of increased antimicrobial resistance, are all significant features of this trend. The deepening of each threat not only destroys human society from the most vulnerable groups and regions, but also enlarges the whole crisis with nonlinear dynamic interaction. Unless this civilization crisis is solved in the coming decades, the collapse of the global human centered industrial capitalist society is almost inevitable, and human beings may not be able to bear the consequences.

Heidegger expresses his view of ecological nature in his unique way. He is actually the "Avatar" of our time. Under Heidegger's idea, every one of us in reality should lead a simple and simple life, after people's basic living needs have been met, they should not continue to pursue the unlimited material world. People should pursue spiritual things and get rid of the rational control of technology framework. For the development of human economy, it is necessary for human beings to develop economy if they want to survive. But in the process of development, People should control the speed of economic development and take the road of sustainable development. People use body and emotion to understand the world, to complete the communication between man and nature, and between man and soul, it's not achieved by reason, it's a rigid and rigid understanding between people, this can heal and overcome the arrogance and greed of human beings in modern society, the civilization crisis is solved in the coming decades, so that human beings can truly live in nature poetically.

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