In Korea, the aging of the population is progressing at a very high speed, which is unprecedented in developed countries. According to the US Center for Strategic International Studies (CSIS), the '2040 Report' predicts that Korea will become the world's fourth-largest aging country after Japan, Italy, and Germany, with the population aged 60 and over increasing to 38.6% in 2040. According to the 'Income Satisfaction Index of the Elderly', which comprehensively evaluates the total income of the elderly, income vulnerability, and the proportion of the elderly in poverty, Korea has the highest rate of poverty among the elderly after Mexico [1-2]. Longevity is a human wish, but on the other hand, diseases, poverty, loneliness, unemployment, etc. associated with old age will have a serious impact on the quality of life of the elderly and will become a social and economic challenge in an aging society. 

The hypothesis that 'homogeneity in older population' has long been hypothesized that the health difference between groups within the elderly is not as clear as that of the younger generation [3], and that the health status is generally poor. has been considered [4]. However, individual health is conditioned by socio-environmental factors, and the health of the elderly is the result of maximizing the differences in resources and experiences accumulated over the course of life [5-6], the elderly can be viewed as beings with diversity within the group rather than as a homogeneous group. In particular, it is said that the elderly with a high socioeconomic level suffer from chronic diseases for a shorter period of time until death, whereas, in the opposite case, the disease process from middle age to old age begins already. Also, according to the data of the National Statistical Office in 2019 [7], the number of the elderly (55-79 years old) who want to work is increasing to 64.9%, and the working elderly think their health is better than the non-working elderly people. 

The previous studies in Korea consistently report poor health when economic conditions are poor in old age,and it has been found that income inequality has a great influence on mortality rate [4,8-9]. Accordingly, [3] argued that the health of the elderly should be understood as a problem that requires a response at the social level because it is not a private problem that is affected by personal factors such as aging or heredity, but is under the influence of a social structure. 

The employment refers to the state in which an individual can enter and work in a desired workplace [10]. However, not everyone can do what they want to do or get a job, and they have to compete fiercely with others. A society without competition may be happy, but it is a fact that everyone admits that growth and development stagnate. Just as there are obstacles no matter which way you go, there are always obstacles to getting the job you want. These barriers to employment are later called ‘barriers or perceived barriers’ [11-12] and ‘career-related barriers’ [13]. 

In addition to these existing studies on health and economic factors, this study examines the causality and influence between the job-seeking barriers in the elderly's job search process, these variables, and the elderly's social activities and quality of life. The purpose of this study is to empirically verify the major factors affecting their social activities and life satisfaction through the moderating effect of health restrictions. In addition, through this, we intend to derive and suggest implications and implications for improving the job-seeking ability of the elderly and promoting employment. 

Theoretical Background and Prior Research: Prior Research and Related Theories: The social activities in old age refer to all activities that can maintain external relationships and contacts physically and mentally. It refers to any activity that can maintain one's own survival and independent functioning, such as participation [14-15]. In addition, social activity can be said to be all forms of actions and thoughts that occur in the process of an individual forming social relationships in order to obtain a certain position in the family, neighborhood, local community, and national/social group, and to perform a role according to it. Yes [16]. As such, social activity can be defined as interaction with other people, not as an individual activity, but as spending time with other people and maintaining social.

Relationships [14,17]. For the elderly, social activities can be said to be their whole life, and they discover their roles anew every day, and economic activities, hobbies, educational activities, sports activities, group activities, political activities, religious activities, volunteer work, and empowerment of the elderly. This is because they participate in various types of activities such as exercise [18]. Social activities of the elderly can be said to be activities that perform their role in a given society through interaction with others. According to the '2020 Elderly Survey Results' by the Ministry of Health and Welfare and the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs, the economic activity participation rate of the elderly increased from 30.0% in 2008 to 36.9% in 2020, and the economic activity participation rate of those aged 65 to 69 was 39.9 in 2008. % to 55.1% in 2020. It was found that 47.9% of the elderly participating in economic activities had earned income of 1.5 million won or more per month (http://www.mohw.go.kr/, 2021. 6.). 

However, a significant number of the elderly are unable to participate in economic activities due to the perception of barriers to finding a job for various reasons. Swanson and Woitke [19] defined job search barriers as internal or environmental events or conditions that make it difficult for an individual to develop their career path. In London cognitive/emotional-based career barrier coping model, the degree of perception of career barriers varies according to individual psychological variables, emotions, and cognitive styles, and accordingly, coping behaviors are also different. Here, it is judged that career barriers can be regarded as having the same meaning as barriers to finding a job. Looking at the factors influencing job barriers from previous studies [10], Swanson and Tokar [20] developed a career barrier measurement test tool called CBI (Career Barriers Inventory), which has been structured and organized as a career barrier tool. It can be said that it provided an opportunity for the development of They were classified into three categories of occupational barriers, namely, social/interpersonal relationships, attitudes, and interactions [10]. Social/interpersonal relationships meant family, future marriage, barriers with children, etc., attitudes meant self-concept, interests, attitudes to work, etc., and interactions meant demographic characteristics (age, gender), work preparation (work experience/knowledge, etc.), and the work environment itself. Based on this study, Swanson et al. developed CBI-S (Career Barriers Inventory-Short form), and then finally developed CBI-R (Career Barriers Inventory-Revised form) reconstructed with 13 factors in 1995 [19]. Component factors include lack of confidence, lack of support for traditional career choices, decision-making difficulties, career dissatisfaction, inadequate preparation, disapproval of significant others, sexism, racial discrimination, labor market restrictions, conflicts in multiple roles, children and career paths There were conflicts between demands, incapacity and health problems, and difficulties in forming networks and socializing. In Korea, many studies reconstructing CBI-R have been conducted, and in the study of Kim [21], the career barriers perceived by college students in the Korean Career Barrier Inventory (KCBI) were identified with difficulties in interpersonal relationships and lack of self-clarity economic difficulties, conflicts with others, lack of job information, age problems, physical inferiority, lack of interest, and future anxiety were presented as nine sub-factors. In this regard, individual characteristics variables (age, gender, educational background, number of household members, experience years, conditional recipient status, etc.) and individual perception variables (income level, job competency level) were presented as barriers to finding a job, which are various obstacles that make it difficult to find employment.

Recently, based on social cognitive career theory, attribution theory, and Self-determination theory, studies related to factors affecting the perception of career barriers are being conducted [22]. Social cognitive theory is a theory proposed by Lent, Brown, and Hackett [23]. Career barriers, which are regarded as extrinsic variables, have different effects on career choice or career execution process depending on how individuals perceive career barriers rather than objective factors themselves. Said to be able to affect Attribution theory is a theory advocated by Luzzo and Jenkins-Smith [13], and said that the perception of career barriers can be different depending on how causal and attribution is made. According to the theory of self-determination, Deci and Rynn [24] suggested that women's support for autonomy in job-family conflict, which is a major career barrier, improves self-determination motivation and makes them less aware of career barriers. In addition, Katz [25] found that as age increases, investment in human capital decreases, companies' passive attitude toward hiring the elderly for fear f incurring additional costs for older workers, geographical mobility is relatively difficult, and the internal labor market It was said that the practice of promotion by senior citizens can act as a barrier to finding a job when the elderly are re-employed. As a quality of life problem, it deals with the degree and value of human life. Quality of life includes such things as well-being, welfare, standard of life, satisfaction, and happiness. It is comprehensive and connotative enough to be used as terms with similar concepts. Looking at the definition of quality of life given by various scholars [26-27], Sugarbaker et al., who emphasized the physical aspect, measured the patient's functional performance after surgery and quantified scores or living ability. Quality of life was mainly defined in terms of physical features such as the degree of dysfunction and daily living [28]. Burckhardt [29], who emphasized the emotional and psychological aspects, defined it as the harmony between human feelings of satisfaction and dissatisfaction, happiness and unhappiness, and pleasant and unpleasant emotional states. Young and Longman [30] defined social activities as 'satisfaction with current life's environmental conditions' in addition to physical and mental. Johnson, McCauley, and Copley [31] defined quality of life as the experiences and subjective satisfaction expressed by an individual in physical, mental, and social situations. The quality of life was evaluated by subjective and objective evaluation of function and socio-economic status [32]. 

As a measuring tool for the quality of life of the elderly, Noh [33] 'Analytical study on the quality of life of middle-aged adults' is a measuring tool used, and Koh [34] 'Extraction of factors that determine the quality of life of the elderly' There are measuring tools used in the study of 'Research on Here, the items related to this study include economic aspects (economic independence, pocket money, economic stability), emotional aspects (depression, self-satisfaction, stability, positive thinking), social aspects (interpersonal relationships, family relationships, social relationships), and physical aspects (Physical activity, level of health, degree of adaptation to daily life) can be classified.

For the elderly, health is an essential element for an independent and happy life in old age [3]. However, as approximately 90% of the elderly in Korea have chronic health problems [35], as aging progresses, body functions are generally weakened and the state of health deteriorates. As indicators for measuring the health of the elderly, there are actual health status and subjective health perception [3]. Subjective health perception is commonly used in many studies as a surrogate variable for actual health status. Yohan Choi [36] asserts that the use of subjective health perception as a surrogate variable for actual health status in Korea is valid as a result of verifying whether subjective health perception is a valid surrogate variable for actual health status for middle-aged and elderly people in Korea did Therefore, subjective health is a subjective health or self-rated health that reflects respondents' evaluation and perception of their current overall health [9,37-38]. Income has been reported as a major predictor of individual health [39] [40]. Since the elderly are no exception, it can be consistently observed that poor income levels such as poverty impair their health [41-42]. 

Other previous studies examining factors affecting the subjective health status of the elderly are as follows [3]. First, the subjective health status of the elderly can be referred to as a more objective health indicator such as a doctor's diagnosis, and the subjective health status is also affected by the presence or absence of chronic diseases [43]. Depression is also reported to have a close relationship with an individual's subjective health status [44-45], observed that the subjective health status of the elderly improved significantly after depression treatment [46]. Kim, Yoo, and Min [47] conducted a factor analysis of the difference in health level in the elderly group, and analyzed education level, health risk behavior (drinking), and family relationship as factors affecting the subjective health status of the elderly along with income picked. In Kang [48] study, focusing on the positive effect of physical activity, it was possible to confirm the positive effect of health promoting behavior on the health of the elderly by focusing on the positive effect of physical activity on the subjective health status of both men and women.

Relationships between Latent Variables

Based on the previous studies and related theories, the relationship between latent variables such as social activity, job-seeking barriers, life satisfaction, and health status of the elderly is as follows. For the elderly, social activities are diverse, such as economic activities, hobbies, educational activities, sports activities, group activities, political activities, religious activities, volunteer work, and the rights and interests of the elderly. Among them, those who are in relatively good health are actively participating in economic activities. According to the '2020 Elderly Survey Results' by the Ministry of Health and Welfare and the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs, the economic activity participation rate of the elderly increased from 30.0% in 2008 to 36.9% in 2020, and the economic activity participation rate of those aged 65 to 69 was 39.9 in 2008. % to 55.1% in 2020. 

However, a significant number of the elderly are unable to participate in economic activities due to the perception of barriers to finding a job for various reasons. Looking at factors influencing job search barriers in previous studies, Swanson and Tokar [20] classified them into three categories: social/interpersonal relationships, attitudes, and interactions as job barriers in the Career Barriers Inventory (CBI). Here, interaction meant demographic characteristics (age, gender), work preparation (work experience/knowledge, etc.), and the work environment itself. Based on this, Swanson and Daniels [19] found that in the CBI-R, lack of confidence, lack of support for traditional career options, decision-making difficulties, career dissatisfaction, inadequate preparation, disapproval of significant others, sexism, racism, and labor market constraints, conflicts in multiple roles, conflicts between children and career needs, incapacity and health problems, difficulties in network formation and socialization, etc. were composed of 13 factors. In the study of Kim [21], the career barriers perceived by college students in the Career Search Disability Test (KCBI) were identified as interpersonal difficulties, lack of self-clarity, economic difficulties, conflicts with others, lack of job information, age problems, physical inferiority, Lack of interest and future anxiety were presented as nine sub-factors. Katz [25] found that the older the age, the lower the investment in human capital, the passive attitude toward hiring for fear of additional costs for older workers, the relative difficulty of geographical movement, and the practice of promotion in the internal labor market are the factors that make older people more likely to be re-employed. It can act as a barrier to finding a job. From the above content, it can be seen that the barriers to finding a job for the elderly are not only age itself, but also health problems and internal personnel issues. 

George and Bearon [49] evaluated the quality of life through subjective and objective evaluations of life satisfaction, self-esteem, health status and functioning, and socio-economic factors. Burckhardt [29], who emphasized the emotional and psychological aspects, defined it as the harmony between human feelings of satisfaction and dissatisfaction, happiness and unhappiness, and pleasant and unpleasant emotional states. Young and Longman [30] defined social activities in addition to physical and mental by defining it as 'satisfaction with the current environmental conditions of life'. Quality of life is so comprehensive and implicit that it is used as terms with similar concepts such as well-being, welfare, standard of life, satisfaction, and happiness. Looking at the measurement tools for the quality of life of the elderly used in previous studies such as Noh [33] and Koh [34], the items related to this study include economic aspects (economic independence, pocket money, economic stability) and emotional aspects. It can be divided into (depression, self-satisfaction, stability, positive thinking), social aspects (interpersonal relationships, family relationships, social relationships), and physical aspects physical activity, health level, daily life adaptability). From the above results, it can be seen that the life satisfaction of the elderly is related to economic stability, health status, and adaptation to daily life. 

For the elderly, health is an essential element for an independent and happy life in old age [3]. The subjective health status of the elderly can be referred to as a more objective health indicator such as a doctor's diagnosis, and the subjective health status is also affected by the presence or absence of chronic diseases [43]. Income is a major predictor of an individual's health, and the elderly are no exception. It can be consistently observed that poor income levels such as poverty impair their health [41-42]. According to Kawachi, Subramanian, and Almeida-Filho [50], a society with increased income inequality tends to lack support for redistribution policies to compensate for material poverty, and the possibility of providing universal social services, including health, is low. Worsen health; In addition, relatively low income leads to relative deprivation and stress due to social comparison, which in turn negatively affects health [51]. From the above content, it can be seen that income obtained in return for economic activity, one of various types of social activity, is linked to mental and physical health problems of the elderly.

Research Models and Research Hypotheses

Based on the previous studies in Chapter 2, the following research hypothesis was established in order to verify that the elderly's perception of barriers to finding a job affects their social activities and life satisfaction, and this effect on overall happiness.

• Hypothesis 1: If the awareness of the barriers to finding a job is low among the elderly, participation in social activities will be high

• Hypothesis 2: If the elderly's perception of barriers to finding a job is low, life satisfaction will be high

• Hypothesis 3: Higher participation in social activities of the elderly will result in higher life satisfaction

• Hypothesis 4: The higher the participation in social activities of the elderly, the higher the overall level of happiness

• Hypothesis 5: The higher the life satisfaction of the elderly, the higher the overall happiness

• Hypothesis 6: There will be a significant difference in the path coefficient according to the health limit of the elderly

The research model was constructed as shown in Figure 1 so that the preceding hypotheses 1 to 6 could be effectively verified in this study according to the hypothesis setting.

Figure 1: Research Model

Table 1: Operational Definitions and Sources of Variables

Table 3: Constituent Elements of the Item

Table 4: Characteristics by each item of the sample

Data Collection and Analysis Method

The panel survey paper used in this study is data from the 2016 6th Aging Research Panel Survey (KLoSA) of the Korea Employment Information Service. Data from the Aging Research Panel Survey can be publicly provided and downloaded from the employment survey and analysis site (https:// survey.keis.or.kr). As the elderly born before 1962, the survey results are weighted and the sample number of successful survey respondents is 7,490, and the population is estimated to be 15,322,080. The distribution of study subjects by gender, age, and educational background is shown in (Table 2). Specifically, by gender, 46.43% male and 53.57% female. By age, 32.57% over 70, 25.15% over 55 and under 60, 21.35% over 60 and under 65, 15.61 over 65 and under 70. %, under the age of 55, 5.32%, and by educational background, 38.70% of high school graduates, 30.80% of elementary school high hool graduates or younger, 16.60% middle school graduates, and 13.90% university graduates or higher.

Table 2: Number of Study Subjects Sampled From the Elderly Population

Characteristics of the Sample

For statistical processing of the sample in this study, the sample was constructed as shown in (Table 4), except for the responses treated as missing values due to non-response for each item among those who responded to the ‘2016 6th Aging Research Panel Survey’. Looking at the average value of each item, the level of recognition of barriers to finding a job was 1.884 points out of 4, lack of information, 1.947 points, lack of education and technical skills, 2.329 points, lack of experience 2.368 points, lack of income 2.114 points, working environment and working hours inappropriate 2.218 points, age disability 1.942 points, female disability 2.423 points, and participation in social activities averaged 3.731 points out of 10 for meeting friends and 3.478 points for social gatherings. Life satisfaction was 3.027 out of 5 points for health status, 2.342 points for economic status, 3.425 points for spouse relationship, and 3.517 points for child relationship. The degree of precision is 2.720 out of 4 points.

Validity and Reliability

In this study, since the research model was designed based on previous studies and existing theories, confirmatory factor analysis was performed to confirm the validity of the measurement items for the antecedent variables related to job readiness behavior with two or more items. In addition, in order to analyze the reliability of the measured items, it was confirmed through Cronbach's alpha coefficient.

According to the analysis results, except for χ², all of NFI, IFI, TLI, and CFI were at a significance level of 0.900 or higher, the conceptual reliability of this model was all 0.810 or higher, meeting the reference point, and the mean variance extraction index (AVE) was also 0.531. It was found to have convergent validity and concentration validity in accordance with the reference point. (Table 6) shows the results of examining the validity of concentration and convergence between measurement items. Most of the factor loading values were 0.5 or more, and the C.R value was also statistically significant as 10.00 or more.

Next, as a result of examining whether the internal consistency of the constituent items was maintained, the internal consistency coefficient ɑ value of all items was 0.611 or higher.

In addition, correlation analysis was performed as shown in Table 6 to examine the effect of social activity participation, life satisfaction, and overall happiness according to the level of recognition of job search barriers. In order to analyze the discriminant validity of the constituent concepts of this study, the correlation between each constituent concept was examined. Since 1 is not included in the correlation coefficient confidence interval between the constituent factors, the factors cannot be said to be identical to each other, so it is judged to have discriminant validity.

Empirical Analysis

In this study, the maximum likelihood method was used to verify the structural equation model according to the research model, and statistical criteria (/df, p, NFI, IFI, TLI) commonly used to evaluate the suitability of the model were analyzed. , CFI, RMSEA) were applied.

As a result, the study model fit of this study was (6120.147/df (87), p>.000) NFI(.930), IFI(.931), TLI(.905), CFI(.931), RMSEA(. 043), etc., as a result of verifying the fitness index, the fitness index approaches or meets the desired level, so the research model is judged to be suitable, and the statistical verification results are shown in Figure 2 and Table 7.

First, the perception of job search barriers had a significant effect on social activity participation (0.049) and life satisfaction (0.429), and social activity participation had a significant effect on life satisfaction (0.20) and overall happiness (0.037). Influenced and life satisfaction was found to have a significant effect on overall happiness (0.367)

Degree of Health Restriction: Result of Differences Analysis between Groups with and Without Restriction

In order to examine whether there is a difference in the level of recognition of barriers to finding a job, participation in social activities, life satisfaction and overall happiness, etc. according to the level of physical health, which is one of the factors that most influence the activities of the elderly, 2 samples between groups were used. Dog groups [Group 1 (no restriction + no restriction at all), group 2 (very restriction + restriction)] were classified to examine the differences in pathways between groups. First, looking at the sample characteristics of the group without health restrictions, the total number of subjects was 10,870,354, and the result values for each item were an average of 2.134 points for barriers to finding a job on a 4-point scale, 3.686 points for social activity participation on a 10-point scale, and 3.686 points on a 10-point scale. Satisfaction was 3.396 out of 5, and overall happiness was 3.271 on a 5-point scale. On the other hand, looking at the sample characteristics of the group with health restrictions, the total number of subjects was 4,442,872, and the result for each item was an average of 2.057 points on a 4-point scale for barriers to finding a job, 3.694 points for social activity participation on a 10-point scale, and 3.694 points on a 10-point scale.

Satisfaction score was 3.015 points on a 5-point scale, and overall happiness was 2.828 points on a 5-point scale.

Table 5: Results of Confirmatory Factor Analysis

χ² = 6091.777(p = .000), df = 86, NFI = 0.931, IFI = 0.932, TLI = 0.905, CFI = 0.932, RMSEA = 0.043.

Table 6: Correlation Transformation Matrix between Components

** are significant at the 0.01 level (both sides).

Table 7: Estimated Values of Structural Covariance Path

Empirical analysis

In this study, the maximum likelihood method was used to verify the structural equation model according to the research model, and statistical criteria (/df, p, NFI, IFI, TLI) commonly used to evaluate the suitability of the model were analyzed. , CFI, RMSEA) were applied.

As a result, the study model fit of this study was (6120.147/df (87), p>.000) NFI(.930), IFI(.931), TLI(.905), CFI(.931), RMSEA(. 043), etc., as a result of verifying the fitness index, the fitness index approaches or meets the desired level, so the research model is judged to be suitable, and the statistical verification results are shown in Figure 2 and Table 7.

Figure 2: Result of Path Estimation

Table 8: Comparison of Characteristics between Groups with and Without Health Restrictions

Table 9: Result of Differences Analysis between Groups with and Without Health Restrictions

Table 10: Results of Difference Test in Path Coefficient between Groups with and Without Health Restriction

First, the perception of job search barriers had a significant effect on social activity participation (0.049) and life satisfaction (0.429), and social activity participation had a significant effect on life satisfaction (0.20) and overall happiness (0.037) influenced and life satisfaction was found to have a significant effect on overall happiness (0.367).

Degree of Health Restriction: Result of Differences Analysis between Groups with and Without Restriction:

In order to examine whether there is a difference in the level of recognition of barriers to finding a job, participation in social activities, life satisfaction and overall happiness, etc. according to the level of physical health, which is one of the factors that most influence the activities of the elderly, 2 samples between groups were used. Dog groups (Group 1 (no restriction + no restriction at all), group 2 (very restriction + restriction)) were classified to examine the differences in pathways between groups. First, looking at the sample characteristics of the group without health restrictions, the total number of subjects was 10,870,354, and the result values for each item were an average of 2.134 points for barriers to finding a job on a 4-point scale, 3.686 points for social activity participation on a 10-point scale, and 3.686 points on a 10-point scale. Satisfaction was 3.396 out of 5, and overall happiness was 3.271 on a 5-point scale. On the other hand, looking at the sample characteristics of the group with health restrictions, the total number of subjects was 4,442,872, and the result for each item was an average of 2.057 points on a 4-point scale for barriers to finding a job, 3.694 points for social activity participation on a 10-point scale, and 3.694 points on a 10-point scale.

Satisfaction score was 3.015 points on a 5-point scale, and overall happiness was 2.828 points on a 5-point scale.

In the group without health restrictions, the perception of the barriers to finding a job had a significant effect on social activity participation (0.087) and life satisfaction (0.325), and social activity participation showed life satisfaction (0.184) and overall happiness (0.058) had a significant effect. Also, life satisfaction was found to have a significant effect on overall happiness (1.182). 

On the other hand, in the group with health restrictions, the perception of the barriers to finding a job had a significant effect on life satisfaction (0.868), and participation in social activities had a significant effect on life satisfaction (0.294) and overall happiness (0.048) crazy and life satisfaction had a significant effect on overall happiness (0.902). However, no significant relationship was found between the perception of barriers to finding a job and the effect of social activity participation.

As can be seen from the above results, overall, there was a tendency to better explain the causal relationship compared to the group with no health restrictions. However, it was necessary to analyze the structural equation model for each group in order to confirm the difference in path coefficient values between each concept in more detail. Accordingly, the fit of the constrained model was calculated so that the path coefficient change between each constituent concept was the same as the free model that did not apply the constraint that the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable could vary depending on the moderator variable. As a result of the difference test, the difference in the path coefficient between the group without a set deadline and the group with a set deadline was Δ (31) = 7591.429, showing a significant difference.

And as a result of confirming the difference in the path coefficients between the group without health restrictions and the group with health restrictions, the path coefficients between the concepts showing significant differences were found to be the relationship between job search barrier perception → social activity participation, job search barrier perception → life satisfaction, and society A statistically significant difference was confirmed in the relationship between activity participation → life satisfaction. In addition, compared with the group with no health restrictions, there was a more significant causal relationship in the relationship between job search barrier perception → social activity participation, social activity participation → overall happiness, life satisfaction → overall happiness, etc. Appears to be well explained.

Based on previous studies and related theories using data from the 6th Aging Research Panel Survey (KLoSA), the purpose of this study was to verify that the elderly's perception of barriers to finding a job affects social activities and life satisfaction, and this effect on overall happiness. did To this end, a survey was conducted and analyzed for the elderly who were born before 1962, and through this, the implications and implications for the improvement of the elderly's job-seeking ability and employment promotion were derived as follows.

First, the perception of job search barriers had a significant effect on social activity participation and life satisfaction, and social activity participation had a significant effect on life satisfaction and overall happiness. And life satisfaction was found to have a significant effect on overall happiness. Therefore, in order to improve the quality of life of the elderly, job search activities are important, and it is desirable to remove the job search barriers for such job search. This supports the existing studies of Swanson and Woitke [53], Swanson and Tokar [20], Lent, Brown, and Hackaett [23]. 

Second, overall, there was a tendency to explain the causal relationship better than the group with no health restrictions. In other words, the path coefficients of the group without health restrictions and those with health restrictions showed statistically significant differences in the relationship between job search barrier perception → social activity participation, job search barrier perception → life satisfaction, social activity participation → life satisfaction, etc. was confirmed, and it was found to explain a more significant causal relationship better than the group with no health restriction. Therefore, it can be seen that the health of the elderly can have a significant impact on the quality of life through job search activities. This supports the existing studies of the relationship between health, income, and quality of life by George and Bearon [49], [30], and Kim [42]. 

Third, the elderly's perception of barriers to finding a job has a significant effect on the elderly's participation in social activities and life satisfaction, and these have a significant effect on overall happiness, suggesting that the perception of barriers to work is related to the happiness of the elderly. Able to know. This suggests that a lot of attention and effort are needed to secure jobs and improve job-seeking ability of the elderly. Considering this aspect, it is considered that various policies are needed to remove barriers to job search, such as discovering a lot of jobs where the elderly can work at any time regardless of their age in a healthy state, encouraging them to work, and improving their ability to find work.

The purpose of this study is to find out that social activities and quality of life of the elderly are significantly affected by their perception of barriers to finding a job, and furthermore, in order to remove the barriers to finding work in the elderly as much as possible or to improve their ability to find work, this study suggests that changes in the social environment are necessary. It is different from other previous studies in that it found a point and confirmed the difference according to health by using a control variable called health restriction. 

However, in carrying out this study, there were the following limitations due to the limitations of the characteristics and methods of the analysis data. First, a sample group was constructed from the data of the 6th Aging Research Panel Survey (KLoSA) and analyzed that the elderly's perception of barriers to finding a job has a significant effect on the happiness of the elderly, and there is a limit to generalizing this. Second, the elderly research panel survey has limitations and probabilities of errors, such as errors in response over time, due to the self-reporting method and the survey method responding to the panel surveyor's confirmation to the contents of the questionnaire.

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