In the digital age, screens have become ubiquitous in our daily lives, profoundly influencing how we access information, connect with others, and entertain ourselves. Whether through smartphones, tablets, computers, or televisions, screens have integrated seamlessly into modern society, offering immense benefits and conveniences. However, the convenience of digital screens also comes with potential downsides, particularly when it comes to the excessive and unregulated use of screens, often referred to as "screen time" [1-4].

Screen time encompasses the hours spent in front of screens for various purposes, including work, education, socializing, and leisure activities. While screens have revolutionized communication, education, and entertainment, concerns have emerged about their impact on physical health, mental well-being, and overall lifestyle. Excessive screen time has been associated with a range of issues, including sedentary behavior, sleep disturbances, digital eye strain, and adverse effects on mental health [5-8].

Children and adults alike are vulnerable to the allure of screens, and the COVID-19 pandemic has further intensified our reliance on digital devices for remote work, learning, and social interactions. Recognizing the multifaceted implications of screen time, it is imperative to investigate the levels of awareness and knowledge regarding screen time habits among the general population, especially in specific regions like District Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh [9-11].

District Bilaspur, nestled in the scenic landscapes of Himachal Pradesh, is not immune to the digital age's influence. As residents increasingly incorporate screens into their lives, it is crucial to understand their awareness and knowledge about screen time's potential impact on health and well-being. Factors such as socio-economic status, access to digital technology, and cultural norms may influence screen time habits in this region.  

This study seeks to unveil the digital curtain by comprehensively assessing the levels of awareness and knowledge about screen time habits among the residents of District Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh. By exploring the digital behaviors and attitudes of the population, we aim to shed light on potential gaps and strengths in their awareness. This understanding will not only empower individuals to make informed decisions about their screen time but will also inform public health initiatives and interventions tailored to the specific needs of this community.

As screen time can vary significantly between regions and demographic groups, conducting a study specific to Bilaspur is vital to capture the unique nuances and challenges faced by its residents. This research aims to contribute to the development of strategies aimed at promoting balanced and responsible screen time habits, thus mitigating potential adverse effects on health and well-being in District Bilaspur.

Objectives of the Study

The objective of this study is to gauge the levels of awareness and knowledge about Screen Time Habits among the general population of District Bilaspur Himachal Pradesh

Research Methodology

• Research Approach: Descriptive

• Research Design: Cross-sectional survey design

• Study Area: District Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh

• Study Duration Between April 2023 to June 2023

• Study Population: The study's target population encompassed all adults aged 18 and above who had been residents of District Bilaspur for a minimum of 12 months

• Sample Size: A robust sample size of 400 adults was determined using a 95% confidence level, an estimated knowledge level of 50% regarding Screen Time Habits, a precise 5% absolute error margin, and a conservative 5% non-response rate. 

• Study Tool: A google form questionnaire consisting of questions regarding socio-demography and knowledge regarding Screen Time Habits was created. The questionnaire was initially pre-tested on a small number of participants to identify any difficulty in understanding by the respondents. 

Description of Tool

• Demographic Data Survey Instrument: The demographic form elicited information on participants’ background: age, marital status, religion, employment, education and many more.

• Questionnaire: The questionnaire contains 20 structured knowledge related questions regarding Screen Time Habits . One mark was given for each correct answer and zero for incorrect answer. The maximum score was 20 and minimum score was zero. Scoring was done on the basis of marks as >80% (16-20) = very good, 60-79% (12-15) = Good, 41-59% ( 8-11) = Fair, <40% (< 8) = poor

• Validity of Tool: By the experts in this field

• Data Collection: Data was collected under the guidance of supervisors. The google form questionnaire was circulated among the residents of District Bilaspur , Himachal Pradesh for responses using online modes like e-mail and social media platforms like Whatsapp groups, Facebook, Instagram and Linkedin till the 400 responses were collected. 

• Data Analysis: Data was collected and entered in Microsoft excel spread sheet, cleaned for errors and analyzed with Epi Info V7 Software with appropriate statistical test in terms of frequencies and percentage.

• Ethical Considerations: Participants confidentiality and anonymity was maintained.

The primary objective of this study was to gauge the understanding of Screen Time Habits among the generalpopulation of District Bilaspur . A total of 400 participants took part in the study, with 271 (67.75%) residing in urban areas and 129 (32.25%) in rural areas.

Table 1: Knowledge Regarding Screen Time Habits among Study Participants

In the present study 24% (96) participants had very good knowledge (16-20 marks) towards Screen Time Habits, 32.25% (129) had good knowledge (12-15 marks), 22.75% (91) had fair knowledge (8-11 marks) and 21% (84) having poor knowledge (<8 marks).

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Table 2: Knowledge Scores Towards Screen Time Habits among Study Participants

The pervasive influence of digital screens in contemporary society has transformed the way we work, connect, and entertain ourselves. This discussion delves into the findings of our comprehensive study, aimed at assessing the levels of awareness and knowledge regarding screen time habits among the residents of District Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh. We contextualize these findings with reference to relevant literature, highlighting the unique aspects of screen time awareness in this region.

Approximately 66.5% of the participants were aware of the recommended average screen time, reflecting a reasonably high level of knowledge regarding this essential aspect of screen time management. A substantial majority (64.75%) of respondents recognized the potential health risks associated with excessive screen time, indicating an understanding of the multifaceted implications of screen use. Over 63% could name at least three physical health effects linked to prolonged screen use. This awareness is crucial, as it highlights the participants' recognition of the physical toll of excessive screen time, including issues like musculoskeletal problems and obesity. A noteworthy 45.75% acknowledged the impact of excessive screen time on mental health. This finding suggests growing awareness of the psychological consequences, such as increased stress and reduced well-being, linked to screen addiction.

While 24.25% were aware of the concept of "blue light" emitted by screens and its potential effects on sleep patterns, this represents an area where increased awareness could be beneficial, considering the prevalence of sleep disturbances related to screen use. Approximately 25.5% could identify strategies to reduce screen time and mitigate its negative effects on health, indicating room for education and guidance on effective screen time management.Only 18% had heard about the 20-20-20 rule for reducing eye strain during screen use. This highlights the potential for increased education on eye care practices in the digital age. About 33.25% were aware of the recommended screen time limits for children and adolescents according to health guidelines, an essential aspect of responsible parenting in the digital era. Over 62% could name common activities that can replace screen time for leisure or relaxation, indicating a good understanding of alternatives to screen-based entertainment. A notable 31.25% recognized the potential impact of excessive screen use on children's cognitive development and learning abilities. This awareness is vital for parents and educators in promoting healthy screen habits among young learners.

Approximately 34% were familiar with parental control tools and settings that can help manage screen time for children. This knowledge empowers parents to supervise and guide their children's screen use. About 42.25% could identify signs of screen addiction or dependency, underlining the importance of recognizing and addressing problematic screen behaviors. A significant majority (57.5%) had heard about the association between excessive screen time and sedentary behavior, acknowledging the link between prolonged screen use and physical inactivity. Nearly 56.5% were aware of the role of screen time in promoting a more sedentary lifestyle and its impact on physical health, which is essential knowledge for maintaining an active lifestyle. Over half (55%) could name at least three strategies to balance screen time with physical activity, suggesting a good grasp of the importance of an active lifestyle.

A substantial 46.25% recognized the potential social consequences of excessive screen use, such as reduced face-to-face interactions and social withdrawal. About 35.75% were familiar with "screen-free zones" or times in the home and their benefits, emphasizing the significance of designated screen-free spaces in maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Approximately 36.5% could identify signs of disrupted sleep patterns due to excessive screen use, indicating awareness of the impact of screens on sleep quality. Nearly 37% knew the importance of setting screen time boundaries, especially before bedtime, aligning with recommendations to improve sleep hygiene. While 22.75% could name resources or organizations that provide guidance on managing and reducing screen time for a healthier lifestyle, there is potential for greater dissemination of information about available support and resources.

Comparing these findings with studies conducted in other regions, it is evident that the residents of District Bilaspur exhibit a diverse range of screen time awareness and knowledge. 12-18While some aspects, such as recognizing health risks and understanding the physical and mental health effects of excessive screen time, show promising levels of awareness, other areas, like knowledge of the 20-20-20 rule and awareness of resources for screen time management, present opportunities for improvement.

In conclusion, this study provides a comprehensive overview of the levels of awareness and knowledge regarding screen time habits among the residents of District Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh. While many residents display commendable awareness of essential screen time concepts, there are notable variations in awareness across different aspects of screen time management. These findings can serve as a foundation for targeted educational campaigns, parental guidance, and public health initiatives aimed at promoting responsible and balanced screen time habits in this community.

By addressing the existing gaps in knowledge and promoting evidence-based screen time practices, this research contributes to the cultivation of healthier digital behaviors and improved well-being among the residents of Bilaspur.

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