The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L) belongs to the palm family (Arecaceae) and to the order Palmae. Among the most important genera of this family are date palms, oil palms and coconut palms. Iraq is one of the oldest palm cultivation sites in the world, with more than 600 varieties grown in it. God Almighty endowed him with many virtues, as it is a source of goodness and blessing and was mentioned in 22 verses in the Holy Qur’an [1]. Date palms are widely cultivated for their use for nutritional purposes as well as for their medicinal effects on a variety of diseases. Date fruits are rich in alkaloids, protein, carbohydrates, fatty acids (linoleic, lauric, palmitic and citric acid), carotenoids, vitamins, polyphenolic compounds, flavonoids, Besides different types of nutrients such as potassium, calcium, magnesium and phosphorous [2], the date palm is a rich source of cellulosic fiber due to its wide availability and large production of by-products suitable for fiber extraction. It is also rich in sugar and also contains a large amount of phenolic compounds. And antioxidants, date fruits can be used to produce an alternative sweetener, as eating it by humans leads to giving a lower blood sugar than sucrose [3,4] and the number of date palm trees in Iraq is 17,492,121 palm trees, while the total The total production is 676,111 tons, with an average production per palm tree of 68 kg tree) [5].

The dioecious tamarind palm produces male and female flowers on different trees. Female palm trees produce fruit, while male palms do not. Pollination occurs when the male flowers produce pollen, which is then applied to the female flowers [6]. After the pollen is laid on the female pollen, the development of the pollen tube begins, [7], the female ovule cells allow the pollen tube to stretch along the style, fertilize the ovule and form the seed [8,9] When electing stal acids, one must rely on the characteristics of the malevariety, such as the dates of flowering, which must be compatible with the flowering of females, the size and number of pollen, the vitality and abundance of pollen grains and the sexual compatibility between the male and female varieties [10].

Amino acids have multiple physiological roles within the plant. They are the basic units for building protein in cells and their function is to form nucleotides of nucleic acids and protein [11]. They are essential materials for building and manufacturing many organic compounds such as hormones, enzymes and vitamins [12]. And it has an important role, especially in stimulating cell growth, as it acts as neutralizing substances that help maintain an appropriate pH value within the cell, as it contains both acid and base groups and it removes ammonia from the cell, this function is associated with the formation of amids, so it protects the plant from Ammonia toxicity. It can also be a source of carbon and energy as well as protecting the plant from pathogens [13], that glutamic acid is one of the essential amino acids that play an important role in plant growth and development, as it is one of the vital catalysts that reduce damage Stress caused by low temperatures by stimulating biosynthetic pathways leading to cells responsible for immobilization [14], which is a proteinogenic amino acid, a transporter of nitrogen and ammonia and works to increase photosynthesis, enzymes and metabolites associated with nitrogen metabolism and it also It significantly increases the amino acid and starch contents of the plant and glutamic histidine provides a dynamic balance of nitrogen and carbon [15].

The study aimed to determine the effect of the pollen variety and its source on the settling percentage and to know the effect of spraying amino acids on some physical characteristics of date palm.

A field experiment was carried out at the Mandali palm plant affiliated to the Department of Horticulture/Ministry of Agriculture located in Balad Rose district/Mandali district, east of Baquba, Diyala governorate center, during the 2022 growing season, to find out the effect of the pollen variety and spraying with the amino acid glutamic acid on some growth and yield characteristics of date palm phoenix dactylifera. L cultivar Ashrasi, 18 years old, propagated by vegetative propagation by offshoots, which are irrigated by waterwheels, as 27 palm trees were selected as homogeneous as possible in their growth and free from insect and disease infections, to conduct treatments on them, identification marks were placed on them and they were divided into three sectors, in each sector 9 palm trees, an analysis was carried out Some physical and chemical characteristics of the soil of the orchard before the implementation of the experiment in the laboratory (Wahaj Al-Nakhil Al-Ahly), as samples were taken at a depth of 0-60 cm. And a mixture of (Dukl+Yellow) 4/5/2022. Eight stalks were selected for each palm tree. The process of setting the stalk before woodening was completed. The process of harvesting the fruits began from 10/15/2022 until 10/31/2022. Fruit samples were taken at the date stage for special analysis. by studying it.

A factorial experiment was carried out using the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), as the experiment included 9 treatments resulting from the interaction of two factors, the first (R.C.B.D) included the first factor, the vaccine class Dukl V1, yellow V2, mixture (Dukl+yellow) V3, the second factor: Spraying the amino acid Glutamic spraying with water only, G0, spraying with 100 mg L-G11, spraying with 200 mg L⁻¹ 2 G. Glutamic acid was sprayed before flowering. The date of the first spraying was on 4/6/2022, the second on 4/20/2022 and the third on 5/19/2022 (Table 1).

Table 1: Some physical and chemical properties of the orchard soil before executing the experiment

Soil analysis was carried out in the Nakhil Glow Laboratory in Diyala Governorate chemical qualities.

The botanical samples were taken from wicker in the Al-Khalal stage on 8/14/2022 and washed gently with tap water, then with distilled water and left to dry in the air and were ground with an electric milling device and passed through a 1 mm sieve, then preserved in plastic containers to be ready for analysis. The following properties were measured:

• Nitrogen (%): It was estimated using the microcalculator [16]

• Phosphorus (%): Using ammonium molybdate and measured by spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 882 nm [16]

• Potassium (%): Determined using a Flamephotometer [16]

• Total chlorophyll content (mg⁻¹ gm fresh weight)

Chlorophyll was estimated according to the method of Goodwin [17], by mashing 0.5 g of leaves by adding 50 mL of acetone, concentration of 80% and the optical absorption was done by spectrophotometer for the samples at two wavelengths 645 and 663 nm, according to the content according to the following Equation:

The Nitrogen Content of Leaves (%)

The results presented in Table 2 show that there are significant differences between the pollen sources in the nitrogen content of the leaves, as the mixture pollen source (Al-Fahal Dukl+Al-Fahal Yellow) was significantly higher by 2.08%, while the nitrogen content of the leaves in the pollen source Al-Fahal Dukl reached 1.95%. The results of the table also showed the presence of significant effects between the concentrations of glutamic acid, as the treatment with two concentrations of 100 and 200 mg L⁻¹ was significantly superior by 2.02 and 2.04%, respectively, over the comparison treatment and the spray treatment with a concentration of 100 mg L⁻¹, which amounted to 15.65% for each.

In addition to that, there were significant differences in the interactions between the two workers, as the spraying treatment with a concentration of 200 mg L⁻¹ with the pollen source mixture (Male Dakl+Male Yellow) was significantly superior to the rest of the treatments of sources and spraying with Glutomic Lion, which amounted to 2.11% and the spraying treatment recorded a concentration of 0 mg L⁻¹ With the pollen source, the male, the lowest nitrogen content in the leaves was 1.94%.

Table 2: The effect of pollen source and Glutomic lion spray and their interactions on the nitrogen content of leaves of date palm trees, the source of Acharis pollen (%)

*Averages that share the same letter for each of the sources of difference do not differ significantly according to Duncan's multiple range test at the probability level of 0.05

Leaves content of phosphorous (%)

 It is noted from the results presented in Table 3 that the pollen source Al-Fahal Dal was significantly superior by 0.53%, while the leaf content of phosphorus in the source of pollen grains Al-Fahal Yellow and the mixture (Al-Fahal+Al-Fahal Yellow) reached 0.52% for both treatments and the results of the same table indicated that there were no significant differences Between spraying treatments with glutomic lion.

The results of the same table show that the bilateral interaction between the pollen sources and spraying with Glutomic Lion had a significant effect on the phosphorous content of the leaves, as the treatment of spraying at a concentration of 0 mg L⁻¹ with pollen source Al-Fahal Dkl was significantly superior to the rest of the treatments of sources and spraying with Glutomic Lion and reached 0.55%. The treatment was sprayed with a concentration of 200 mg L⁻¹ with pollen source mixture (Al-Fahal Dakl+Al-Fahal Yellow), the lowest leaf content of phosphorus was 0.51%.

Table 3: Effect of pollen source and Glutomec Assad spray and their interactions on the leaf phosphorus content of date palm trees as the source of Acharis pollen (%)

*Averages that share the same letter for each of the sources of difference do not differ significantly according to Duncan's multiple range test at the probability level of 0.05

Potassium content of leaves (%)

The results presented in Table 4 showed that there were differences between pollen sources and 
the potassium content of the leaves, as the mixture pollen source (Al-Fahal Dukl+Yellow Male) was superior by 2.37%, over the yellow pollen source, which was superior to the pollen source Al-Fahal Dukl by 2.27%, as the results of the table showed. The same, there were significant effects between the concentrations of glutomic acid spraying, as the treatment with 200 mg L⁻¹ was significantly superior to 2.34% over the control treatment of 2.27%.

The results of the table indicate a significant increase in the interactions between the two factors in the potassium content of the leaves, if the interaction between the source of pollen grains and spraying Glutomic was given as the treatment of spraying at a concentration of 0 mg L⁻¹ with the pollen source mixture (Al-Fahal Dakl+Male Yellow) significantly over the rest of the source treatments and spraying with Glutomic Lion and reached 2.39%. The treatment was sprayed at a concentration of 0 mg L⁻¹ with pollen source. The lowest potassium content of the leaves amounted to 2.24%

Table 4: Effect of pollen source and Glutomec Asad spraying and their interactions on the potassium content of leaves of date palm trees as the source of Acharis pollen (%)

*Averages that share the same letter for each of the sources of difference do not differ significantly according to Duncan's multiple range test at the probability level of 0.05

Leaves content of total chlorophyll (mlg gm⁻¹ fresh weight(

The results presented in Table 5 showed that there was a significant effect between pollen sources, as the mixture pollen source (Al-Fahal Dukl+Al-Fahal Yellow) was superior by 15.89%, while the leaf content of total chlorophyll in the pollen source Al-Fahal Dukl was 15.43 mg gm⁻¹ fresh weight and the results of the same table showed that the treatment of spraying with Glutomic lion at a concentration of 100 and 200 mg L⁻¹ was significantly superior by a percentage of 15.26 and 15.26 mg. GM-1 fresh weight on the control treatment and spray treatment with a concentration of 100 mg L⁻¹, which amounted to 15.65 mg 1 gm⁻¹ fresh weight for each and the results of the same table show that the bilateral interaction between the pollen sources and spraying with Glutomic Asad had a significant effect on the total chlorophyll content of the leaves, as the spraying treatment at a concentration of 0 mg L⁻¹ was superior to the mixture pollen source (Al-Fahal Dkl+The male is yellow) significantly higher than the rest of the treatments of sources and spraying with Glutomic Lion, which reached 15.48 mg. GM-1 fresh weight and the treatment was sprayed at a concentration of 200 mg L⁻¹ with the source of pollen grains. The lowest content of leaves of total chlorophyll was 14.97 mg. GM-1 fresh weight.

Table 5: Effect of pollen source and Glutomec Asad spray and the interaction between them on the total chlorophyll content of date palm trees as Ashras pollen source (mlg gm^-1 fresh weight)

*Averages that share the same letterfor each of the sources of difference do not differ significantly accordingto Duncan's multiple range test at the probability level of 0.05

The results showed that the source of pollen grains had a significant effect on the chemical characteristics, as the source of mixed pollen grains (male Dakl+male yellow) excelled in recording the best results for chemical characteristics. The reason for this increase may be attributed to the vitality of pollen grains as the highest percentage of pollen germination obtained From the mixture (male Dakl+male yellow), the results showed that male pollen grains differed significantly in the feasibility of pollen grains, which is the result of the genetic characteristics of males. The pollen source has a significant effect on the physical traits [18,19]. 

The results showed that spraying with glutamic had a significant effect on most of the chemical properties, as spraying with a concentration of 200 mg L⁻¹ was superior in recording the best results for the characteristic of leaf nitrogen content, leaf potassium content and total chlorophyll content. The reason for this increase may be attributed to the role of Glutamic acid increases photosynthesis, which leads to an increase in the total chlorophyll content. The reason may be attributed to its work as a transporter of nitrogen and ammonia and it also has a role in increasing the activity of enzymes and metabolic compounds related to the nitrogen metabolism and the amino acid glutamine provides a dynamic balance of nitrogen and carbon, which leads to an increase in the concentration The elements in the plant as a result of their increased absorption and accumulation in the plant [15].

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