The geographical condition of the territory of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia which is very wide and divided into regional divisions according to province, district or city, sub-district and village make Indonesia vulnerable to defense threats arising from within the country such as radicalism, terrorism, ideological understanding that deviates from Pancasila, and fading. the values of Indonesian nationalism, as well as the threat of conflict between neighboring regions. The theory put forward by Lewis Coser, about conflict by dividing it into two parts [1]: 

• External conflict is a conflict that occurs between two different groups, which will strengthen the conflicting group by providing clear boundaries with other groups

• Internal conflict is a conflict that arises in a group that has a very intimate relationship. This conflict arises because there are tensions and negative feelings that are the result of the individual's desire to increase his welfare, power, prestige, social support or other rewards. Since many of the awards are rare, a degree of competition is inevitable

From the theory above, it is explained that the possibility of conflict can be caused by internal and external factors that can occur if the local government is not observant in seeing the threats that can occur at any time in the community and the need for derivative policies in each region considering that each threat will be different. Each region is affected by a different culture Policies or policies are related to planning, decision making and formulation, implementation of decisions, and evaluation of the impact of implementing decisions that have been made on the community that is the target of the policy (target group). Policy is a tool or instrument to regulate the population from top to bottom. According to Heinz Eulau and Kenneth Prewith, policy is a permanent decision characterized by consistency and repetition of behavior of those who abide by the decisions. By giving rewards and sanctions. Centrally, policy is a technical, rational, and action-oriented instrument to solve problems. Policy is a blueprint for actions that lead and influence the behavior of the people affected by the decision. Policies are deliberately formulated and designed to make the behavior of the targeted people (target groups) patterned according to the sound and formulation of the policy [2]. In Law No. 23 of 2019 Article 4 states that the threat to state defense and security as referred to in paragraph (2) can take the form of aggression, terrorism, communism, separatism, armed rebellion, natural disasters, environmental destruction, border area violations, piracy and resource theft. natural disasters, disease outbreaks, drug trafficking and abuse, cyber-attacks, nuclear attacks, biological attacks, chemical attacks, or other forms of threats that endanger state sovereignty, territorial integrity of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, and the safety of the entire nation.

According to Edwards III, 1980 in Subarsono there are four variables that have an influence on policy implementation, namely: First, communication. The success of policy implementation requires that the goals and objectives of the policy need to be socialized and implemented by the target group so as to reduce implementation distortions. Second, resources. No matter how good a policy is, if it is not supported by resources who understand the importance of a policy being made, the resources to implement it will not run effectively. These resources can be in the form of human resources, as well as non-human resources. Third, disposition. Disposition is the character and characteristics possessed by stakeholders, such as commitment, honesty, democratic nature. Fourth, bureaucratic structure. Structure the bureaucracy in charge of realizing a policy has a significant influence on the implementation of the policy which can be developed in the era of society 5.0.

The concept of Society 5.0 emerged in 2015 in Japan, in a strategic national political initiative [3]. Society 5.0 follows to some extent Industry 4.0, and, while Industry 4.0 focuses on production, Society 5.0 seeks to put people at the center of innovation. It also takes advantage of the impact of technology and the results of Industry 4.0, by deepening the integration of technology in improving the quality of life, social responsibility and sustainability According to Hayashi et al. [3], with Society 5.0, Japan strives to; “creating new values ​​by collaborating and collaborating with several different systems, and planning standardization of data formats, models, system architecture, etc. And the necessary human resource development. In addition, it is hoped that the increasing development of intellectual property, international standardization, IoT system construction technology, big data analysis technology, artificial intelligence technology and so on will boost Japan's competitiveness.

This writing method is to use a qualitative writing method. Qualitative writing method is writing due to a paradigm shift in seeing a reality, phenomenon and symptoms. According to Creswell [4], qualitative writing is methods to explore and understand the meaning of several individuals or groups of people who are considered and sourced from social or humanitarian problems. In this journal research, the author uses data collection techniques with the Literature Study method. Literature study is a study of literature related to culture, values, and norms that develop socially in collecting data using the material contained in the library. Libraries such as books, magazines, other documents.

Table 1: Narrative Elements of Narrative Policy Analysis and explanations

The approach used in this journal research is to analyze a problem using Narrative Policy Analysis. Narrative policy analysis is a concept that underlies the policy narrative developed by policy makers to influence public policy strategically and sustainably. according to Shanahan, Jones, and McBeth the components used in narrative policy analysis are,

• The policy narrative must have at least one character

• Policy narratives must refer to public interest policies

There are three levels of analysis in Narrative Policy, namely micro, meso, and macro. At the micro level, research focuses on the influence of individual narratives based on their preferences for individual decision making. At the meso level, the research focus is built on the policy narrative by the group and the effect of the policy narrative on the policy process. At the macro level, the focus of his research is on the conditions in which the macro level narrative (culturally and politically or institutionally) develops and changes. This study uses a macro-level analysis because the macro-level analysis focuses on policy narratives that penetrate the norms of the state, institutions, society, and culture. The process in determining policy is an action based on intellectual activity of a political and cultural nature that exists in society, Narrative Policy Analysis has a narrative element that seeks to define the problems that occur.

Security Defense Threat

In the context of defense and security entering the era of society 5.0 where humans are the main component in its progress, therefore community empowerment is very necessary to be carried out by the government, especially local governments which directly touch the emotional and cultural side of each region. According to Buzan and Hansen, security is becoming increasingly clear in relation to political goals and norms in defining security as a concept. Security will always be a concept that "has a connecting line" and relates to specific referent objects, external or internal locations, as well as to one or several sectors that are especially related to political perspectives. The definition of security according to P. Savravanamutu, is strongly influenced by the ideology and the range of time that is trying to be described and also by the factor of the unit of analysis to be identified [5].

Deputy VII of the State Intelligence Agency (BIN), Wawan Hari Purwanto, explained that there are several threats to national defense and security that must be a common concern. These threats include the Covid-19 pandemic, ethnic, racial, religious and inter-group conflicts. Then Papuan separatism, the spread of hoaxes on social media, radicalism, and cyber-attacks. Covid-19 cases in Indonesia are monitored to fluctuate, but tend to show an increasing trend. "This trend is indicated by an increase in the average daily case which is always above 5,000 cases," GMNI, Tempo Edition, Tuesday, 15 June 2021.

The new spike in Covid-19 cases could potentially threaten public safety and security, exacerbate the economic recession, result in paralysis of health facilities, delays in education, and an increasingly massive wave of unemployment. In the threat of SARA conflict, Deputy VII of the State Intelligence Agency (BIN), Wawan assessed that several cases had surfaced regarding religious sentiments, conflicts between Shia and Sunnis, inter-ethnic conflicts, racism against certain ethnicities, as well as the situation in Papua. “This sensitive issue is a serious threat because it can lead to horizontal conflicts. And coupled with hoax news that is encouraged from Indonesian internet users, the increase is also very fast.

The next threat is radicalism. According to Wawan, social media is now being accused of being an incubator for radicalism, especially for the younger generation. This trend is reinforced by the latest BNPT survey showing that 85 percent of the millennial generation are vulnerable to being exposed to radicalism. Wawan said that this condition should be a common concern in countering the negative impacts that may occur in a time that we never predicted considering that Indonesia is facing a demographic bonus. This is a double-edged sword if you are not careful in anticipating the threat of cyber-attacks, Wawan said that it is not easy to avoid in the midst of massive internet penetration. Moreover, the public's understanding of cyber security still needs to be improved. So, hacking is still easy to happen. Attacks from hackers have the potential to hamper economic digitization, and are vulnerable to triggering public pessimism about programs in the era of society 5.0. Against these various attacks, the central government and local governments should be able to collaborate in counteracting every threat by more intensely embracing village traditional institutions, village community institutions, religious leaders, traditional leaders, historical actors, journalists, and youth to jointly support national development programs in dealing with threats to national defense and security and national development.

Community Empowerment Policy by Regional Government in the Era of Society 5.0

The essence of a country's defense is all defense resources and efforts that are universal, in practice based on awareness of the rights and obligations of citizens and belief in the strength of their resources. National defense is designed on the basis of democratic principles, provisions of national law, general welfare, human rights, the environment, international law, and international customs, as well as the principle of peaceful coexistence which takes into account the geographical condition of Indonesia as an archipelagic country. Through this basic principle, national defense aims to safeguard and protect the sovereignty of the state, the territorial integrity of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, and the safety of the entire nation. In achieving this goal,

In the era of society 5.0 defined by the state of a human-centered society that is interconnected and balances economic progress with solving social problems with a system that deeply integrates cyberspace and physical space, the easier it is for us to obtain information, there is a danger that lurks within us, namely "addiction". Internet". According to Professor DR KH Jalaluddin Rakhmat MSc in his book entitled Communication Psychology, in the development of human life experiencing what is called connectivity addiction, we enter the culture of instant digital gratification (instant digital gratification). which means that humans are the main element in determining the various advances that will occur and be implemented, as is the case with defense and security in the era of society.

In its development, it can be seen from the policies that regulate in order to protect the entire nation to face the development of an increasingly fast-paced era, through the prevailing laws and regulations, the central government and regional governments can collaborate in national defense in which local governments have more flexible authority over their regions to defend themselves. regulate, supervise and empower existing resources, especially human resources who must be able to ward off any threats that can occur at any time in their area by one way of utilizing the road through policy making

Policies that have already been made through the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia:

• Article 27 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia "Every citizen has the right and is obliged to participate in efforts to defend the state"

• Article 30 paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia "Every citizen has the right and is obliged to participate in the defense and security of the state"; and

• Article 30 paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia "Efforts for state defense and security are carried out through a universal people's defense and security system by the Indonesian National Armed Forces and the Indonesian National Police, as the main force, and the people, as a supporting force

Regarding the affirmation that is regulated in its policies, it can be seen in the Law of the Republic of Indonesia number 3 of 2002 concerning national defense, Article 6 states that national defense is carried out through efforts to build and foster the capability, deterrence of the state and nation, as well as overcoming any threats. Which means that the government needs to provide insight to the public regarding national defense in this case through existing policies in the regions in the awareness of defending the state within the community. In law no. 23 of 2019 concerning the management of national resources for national defense, from the objectives to be achieved in the framework of the Management of National Resources for National Defense, which aims to transform Human Resources, Natural Resources, and Artificial Resources, as well as National Facilities and Infrastructure into National Defense forces. which is ready to be used for the interest of the State Defense, and it is stated that the obligations of the citizen in the effort to defend the state as referred to in paragraph (1) include: a. obligations imposed on citizens who become soldiers of the Indonesian National Armed Forces as a means of national defense; and b. obligations imposed on Citizens as members of the Mobilized Reserve Component in the face of military Threats and hybrid Threats. And in the second part of article 7 it is also stated that the Fostering of State Defense Awareness as referred to in paragraph (1) is carried out in the scope of education, society; and work. Therefore, in community empowerment through a touch of regional policy, the people at the bottom can feel directly and recognize state defense in the context of empowering human resources through community activities carried out by the regional government. In the administration of government, it is stated in Permendagri no. 18 of 2018 that the regional government or village government partners with village community institutions (LKD) and village customary institutions (LAD) which aims to succeed the program that has been agreed upon by regional leaders, it is stated in Article 4 (1) LKD has the task of:

• empowering the Village community

• participate in the planning and implementation of development; and

• improve village community services

In carrying out the tasks as referred to in paragraph (1) letter b, LKD proposes programs and activities to the Village Government. LKD has the following functions:

• accommodate and channel the aspirations of the community

• instill and foster a sense of community unity and integrity

• improve the quality and speed up the services of the Village Government to the Village community

• planning, implementing, controlling, preserving, and developing development results in a participatory manner

• grow, develop, and mobilize initiatives, participation, self-help, and community cooperation

• improve family welfare; and

• improve the quality of human resources

In the regional regulation of Ponorogo Regency no. 4 of 2008 in Paragraph 3 Article 5 mentions the Obligations of Village Community Institutions, namely:

• uphold and practice Pancasila, implement the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and defend and maintain the integrity of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia;

• establish partnership relationships with various related parties;

• comply with all laws and regulations;

• maintain ethics and norms in social life; and

• assisting the Village Head in the implementation of government, development, and community activities

From the above policy, it can be seen the opportunity or potential in providing support in the implementation of defense and security of a region in warding off all threats in the form of aggression, terrorism, communism, separatism, armed rebellion, natural disasters, environmental damage, violation of border areas, piracy and resource theft. natural disasters, disease outbreaks, drug trafficking and abuse, cyber-attacks, nuclear attacks, biological attacks, chemical attacks, or other forms of threats that endanger state sovereignty, territorial integrity of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, and the safety of the entire nation.

From interviews conducted with the Head of the Community and Village Empowerment Office, Drs. Suprianto, MM said that through the local government policies that have been made, various work programs related to the empowerment of human resources can be carried out, one of which is by inserting activities related to defending the state, nationalism, love of the homeland and containing the values of mutual cooperation and bonding between people. Even though people have different religious beliefs, it is highly expected in a social environment to foster solidarity between citizens. However, there is still a lack of collaboration between regions or agencies regarding community empowerment in countering threats that will occur related to defense and security.

Dean of the Indonesian Defense University FSP Major General of the TNI Dr. Deni DAR, S.Sos., M.Si (Han) of the Faculty of Defense Strategy which was implemented, was the implementation of the Tri Dharma of Higher Education by providing learning experiences for students to apply the theories obtained in class to solving real problems (problem solving). who are in the community outside the campus. In relation to the implementation of policies that have been planned by local governments, it can awaken and provide enlightenment in relation to awareness of security and defense in our own environment. In a group discussion forum with the theme "Implications of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the Dynamics of Defense Diplomacy and the Indo-Pacific Security Constellation," the Dean of the Defense University FSP Major General Deni conveyed that the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic around the world has changed the political, economic, and social order. and social, especially Indonesia. Government policies regarding the implementation of health protocols have an important influence on national security, which includes the health, security, economy, energy and food security situation.

Furthermore, delivered by one of the lecturers of the Defense University Dr Drs Sutrimo MM Msi in the introduction of the study studentnew (Pesmaba),The values of state defense awareness must be owned bystudentand society in general because as part of being grateful for God's blessings. "We have been given life on earth in Indonesia, must defend the country, be proud to be Indonesian, love our homeland, and be willing to sacrifice to build the nation,"

The results of this study indicate that the government needs to provide insight to the public regarding national defense in this case through existing policies in the regions in the awareness of defending the state within the community, defense policies in local governments to support national defense really help the general public understand the importance of defense and security in the community. However, the environment itself is still not optimal because first, inter-regional cooperation has not been carried out with other regions that are directly involved in direct defense and security threats, secondly, there is no coordination between regions and related agencies in the implementation of defense policies implemented in the regions. This is evidenced by the lack of collaboration between regions regarding community empowerment in warding off threats that will occur at any time in the era of society 5.0 where humans are the controlling component of any technological progress.

1. Johnson, Doyle Paul. Teori Sosiologi: Klasik dan Modern. Translated by Robert M.Z. Lawang, vol. 1, PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 1990, pp. 196–200.

2. Marzali, Amri. Antropologi dan Kebijakan Publik. Kencana Prenada Media Group, 2012, pp. 20.

3. Center for Strategic and International Studies. Challenges and Prospects. Agency for Policy Assessment and Development, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia, 2017.

4. Cresswell, John W. Research Design: Quantitative and Mixed Qualitative Approach. Translated by Ahmad Fawaid, Student Library, 2014, pp. 4–5.

5. Savravanamutu, P. “Security: Third world security.” International Politics: Enduring Concepts and Contemporary Issues, edited by Robert J. Art and Robert Jervis, Harver Collins College Publishers, 1996, pp. 254.