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Research Article | Volume 3 Issue 1 (Jan-June, 2022) | Pages 1 - 3
Quantity Surveying in Construction Projects
1
Dean of Civil Engineering Professor Sergei N. Lenovich, Department of Material and construction technology, Belarusian National Technical University
Under a Creative Commons license
Open Access
Received
Jan. 2, 2022
Revised
Feb. 3, 2022
Accepted
March 15, 2022
Published
April 10, 2022
Abstract

A questionnaire was made of 130 building engineers and 35 civil engineers in Baghdad governorate to determine the quantities in construction work. Effectiveness of QMS variables in project performance was tested with regression analysis. Project performance was broken down into seven variables including Cost Variance (CV), Cost Performance Index (CPI), Time Variance (TV), Non-Conformance Report (NCR), Client Satisfaction (CS), Number of Accidents (NA) and Fatalities (F). Regression quantified the effectiveness of QMS variables in project performance. At the same time, regression explored a pattern of relationship of QMS variables to every project performance indicator. QMS variables illustrate a significant positive impact on client satisfaction and time variance. At the same time, QMS variables also show a significant negative impact on the number of accidents and fatalities.

Keywords
INTRODUCTION

The calculation and inventory of construction quantities is one of the most important steps for studying and planning projects, knowing the quantities and cost of materials required to submit the study to the project owner or entering into a tender. It is also one of the most important methods of project follow-up, checking the quantities of materials, knowing the costs of each part in the project and calculating the total cost of it.

 

There are many methods for calculating and counting quantities, so we must warn that there is no right or wrong way. For example, two engineers, each one of them used a certain method to calculate project quantities and in the end, the result of the inventory was the same, so the two methods are considered 100% correct. The more you know and practice calculating quantities, you will be able to from developing your own methods to know the most comfortable and easy way and get the work done in it, then you can choose the method that best suits the type of project you are calculating and counting the quantities for.

 

When referring to the planning and management of a project or business, we talked about the necessity of estimating the time in which each is implemented the proposed activity (implementation of the schedule) and with them the development of details Construction budget in order to determine each of the technical activities Among other tasks proposed in the planning. In other words, we can specify that the management and layout of a file Project refers to the process of analysis and monitoring that allows us to do so Continuous evaluation of the outcome of implementation versus planning in in terms of costs, risks, scope and quality [1-4].

 

One of the components that will be worked on is the cost There are direct costs. When we refer to direct costs, we subtract Which is one of those resources that are part of the activities and have A direct relationship to the production of a good or the provision of a service. main reason who leads the project. For example: labor cost to implement project activities; The cost of materials consumed by the project and that become part of the final product; Cost of foreign service contracts Part of the project was contracted for example Indirect costs is Indirect costs that are part of the whole business Those who, as their name indicates, are a major percentage but are not a major percentage Within project planning, these can  be  administrative; Such as Pay the salaries of the employees, the expenses of stationery and laboratory tests  and  Some  other  expenses  that  can  be  called overhead [5-7].

 

METHODOLOGY

The methodology of this study was based on some of the questionnaires and interviews that were conducted and based on the analyzes with:

 

  • Engineers

  • contractors

  • Junior Engineers

 

The biggest advantage is that the planning of all parties involved in construction (architect, planner, factory engineer, installer, facility manager, etc.) is carried out in a common building model. In this way, many problems can already be identified and eliminated during the planning stage, which nowadays often only appear on the construction site or after the building has been completed.

 

Lifecycle by definition means: the cyclical course of a thing or person's existence. 

 

Plan the buildings that the customer and therefore their long-term residents should have. That's why design, quality, costs and sustainability are taken into account from the planning stage.

 

Writing evaluated demonstrates that there is a connection between's the determination of a specific sort of building acquirement framework and the result of an undertaking. The result of a task (achievement or disappointment) was characterized as far as the achievement of client targets for example time, quality, time furthermore, other client necessities like strengthening and so on It was seen that as no single structure obtainment framework is, consequently, reasonable for all projects yet that, toward the start of each task, different venture attributes must be considered prior to showing up at a reasonable building acquisition framework. Such determination of a structure acquirement framework affects the achievement or disappointment of a task. Writing evaluated additionally observed that development the board has worked on the accomplishment of specific client targets, especially as far as time and cost.

 

As these are significant client targets, it was presumed that development the board can for the most part work on the fulfillment of client targets on projects. It is, notwithstanding, vital to take note of that the writing obviously showed that development the executives was reasonable on all tasks Certain activities were viewed as more reasonable than others.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The majority of the organizations embrace quality administration to get intensity by further developing quality execution [8-12] while development organizations carry out QMS to further develop their venture execution (time, cost and quality). There are seven markers that have been utilized in this  exploration  to  gauge  project execution, including cost change, cost execution list, time fluctuation, nonconformance reports, client fulfillment, number of mishaps and fatalities. Generally workers for hire will stress time, cost and quality, however not a solitary one of them can demonstrate by and large undertaking execution.

 

As per the client design of a development organization [13-16], client (designer) will enlist and deal with the project workers to guarantee the nature of the final results before handover to end client. Moreover, clients will ordinarily list their prerequisites in point by point depictions in the agreement while granting the task to workers for hire. That implies client will have agenda and determination to assess project the board execution from different viewpoints which have been expressed in the agreement. Consequently, the client fulfillment might address the general venture execution. In this exploration, two venture execution markers (client fulfillment and time change) have shown critical positive relationship with QMS factors in relapse investigation. Simultaneously, both client fulfillment and time difference additionally delineated frail however critical relationship with QMS factors. That has made sense of why time is generally firmly connected with the estimation of clients' fulfillment in past investigations [17,18].

 

Detailed costing is a time consuming process. It is prepared when all construction project documents are completed. Creativity and knowledge are essential for preparing construction cost estimate. Different contractors use different processes, methods and techniques during construction. Therefore, estimators need knowledge, creativity and experience to successfully carry out the estimation task. Detailed cost estimation consists of two important steps: quantity estimation, also known as take-off quantity and pricing [19].

 

Equipment can be owned or rented. If owned, the cost is based on two  components:  The  cost  of  ownership  and the cost of operating. However, if rented, the cost depends on the cost of renting the equipment and whether it is rented by the hour, daily, weekly, monthly or annually [20]. The quantity of materials offered and pricing can be calculated after all the necessary information has been collected. The quantity of material being offered should be calculated based on the drawings and specifications. The estimated quantity and the cost of labor, equipment and materials are used to calculate the total cost of each work item.

 

 

Figure 1: Distribution According Service of Year

 

Table 1: Position of Sample 

Position

 b

 c

Top management1

40

9

Middle management2

80

20

Lower management3

20

6

 

Table 2: Regression Result

Dependent variable

Model

B

Std. Error

Sig.

Cost variance

Constant

3.816

0.246

0.000

QMS variables

-0.059

0.055

0.284

Cost performance index

Constant

3.327

0.097

0.000

QMS variables

0.004

0.022

0.842

Client satisfaction*

Constant

4.567

0.098

0.000

QMS variables

0.178

0.022

0.000

Nonconformance report

Constant

5.206

0.184

0.000

QMS variables

0.065

0.041

0.115

No. of accidents

Constant

5.114

0.044

0.000

QMS variables

-0.032

0.010

0.301

Time variance*

Constant

3.503

0.221

0.000

QMS variables

0.345

0.049

0.000

Fatalities

Constant

2.062

0.015

0.000

QMS variables

-0.016

0.003

0.145

 

CONCLUSION

In the construction industry, one of the main challenges is managing construction projects that have unique features and requirements. However, all projects have common elements: scope, schedule and budget. Estimating construction costing is an essential skill for engineering firms and contractors because important project decisions depend on costs. The accuracy of cost estimates improves throughout the design phase, as the project is defined in more detail.

 

REFERENCE
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  2. Dow, D. et al. “Exploding the Myth: Do All Quality Management Practices Contribute to Superior Quality Performance?” Production and Operations Management, vol. 8, no. 1, 1999, pp. 1-27.

  3. Anderson, J.C. et al.“A Path Analytic Model of a Theory of Quality Management Underlying the Deming Management Method: Preliminary Empirical Findings.” Decision Sciences, vol. 26, no. 5, 1995, pp. 637-658.

  4. Jusoh, A. and S.M. Yatim. “Pelaksanaan ISO 9000: Pengajaran dari Kajian Baru.” Jurnal Teknologi, vol. 48, 2008, pp. 71-83.

  5. Ismail, M.Y. et al. “Quality Management in the Manufacturing Industry: Practice vs Performance.” Computers and Industrial Engineering, vol. 35, no. 3-4, 1998, pp. 519-522.

  6. Choi, T.Y. and K. Eboch. “The TQM Paradox: Relations among TQM Practices, Plant Performance, and Customer Satisfaction.” Journal of Operations Management, vol. 17, no. 1, 1998, pp. 59-75.

  7. Samson, D. and M. Terziovski. “The Relationship between Total Quality Management Practices and Operational Performance.” Journal of Operations Management, vol. 17, no. 4, 1999, pp. 393-409.

  8. Ismail, M.Y. and M.S.J. Hashmi. “The State of Quality Management in the Irish Manufacturing Industry.” Total Quality Management, vol. 10, no. 6, 1999, pp. 853-862.

  9. Adam, E.E. et al. “An International Study of Quality Improvement Approach and Firm Performance.” International Journal of Operations & Production Management, vol. 17, no. 9, 1997, pp. 842-873.

  10. Hendricks, K.B. and V.R. Singhal. “Does Implementing an Effective TQM Program Actually Improve Operating Performance? Empirical Evidence from Firms That Have Won Quality Awards.” Management Science, vol. 43, no. 9, 1997, pp. 1258-1274.

  11. Forker, L.B. et al. “The Contribution of Quality to Business Performance.” International Journal of Operations & Production Management, vol. 16, no. 8, 1996, pp. 44-62.

  12. Takim, R. et al. “Performance Measurement Systems in Construction.” Association of Researchers in Construction Management, vol. 1, 2003, pp. 423-432.

  13. Stevens, J.D. “Blueprint for Measuring Project Quality.” Journal of Management in Engineering, vol. 12, no. 2, 1996, pp. 34-39.

  14. Sinclair, D. and M. Zairi. “Effective Process Management through Performance Measurement: Part III—An Integrated Model of Total Quality-Based Performance Measurement.” Business Process Re-Engineering & Management Journal, vol. 1, no. 3, 1995, pp. 50-65.

  15. Mbugua, L.M. et al. “A Framework for Determining Critical Success Factors Influencing Construction Business Performance.” Proceedings of the 15th Annual ARCOM Conference, 1999, pp. 255-264.

  16. Chan, A. “A Quest for Better Construction Quality in Hong Kong.” Construction Information Quarterly, vol. 3, no. 2, 2001, pp. 9-16.

  17. Love, P.E.D. and G.D. Holt. “Construction Business Performance Measurement: The SPM Alternative.” Business Project Management Journal, vol. 6, no. 5, 2000, pp. 408-416.

  18. Barkley, B. and J. Saylor. Customer-Driven Project Management. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1994.

  19. Atkinson, R. “Project Management: Cost, Time and Quality, Two Best Guesses and a Phenomenon, It’s Time to Accept Other Success Criteria.” International Journal of Project Management, vol. 17, no. 6, 1999, pp. 337-342.

  20. Kumaraswamy, M.M. and A. Thorpe. “Systematizing Construction Project Evaluations.” Journal of Management in Engineering, vol. 12, no. 1, 1996, pp. 34-39.

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