Uterine fibroids, also known as leiomyomas, are benign tumors that arise from the smooth muscle tissue of the uterus. They are the most common type of non-cancerous growths in women of reproductive age, affecting approximately 20-80% of women worldwide. Uterine fibroids can vary in size, number, and location within the uterus, and their clinical presentation can range from asymptomatic to causing significant morbidity and reproductive health issues [1-4].

The knowledge and awareness of women regarding uterine fibroids and their associated complications play a crucial role in early detection, diagnosis, and management of this condition. Adequate knowledge empowers women to make informed decisions about their reproductive health, including seeking timely medical advice and appropriate treatment options. Moreover, awareness about the potential complications and long-term effects of uterine fibroids can lead to better health outcomes and improved quality of life [5-8].

Himachal Pradesh, a northern state of India, has witnessed a significant increase in the prevalence of uterine fibroids over the past decade. The Outpatient Department (OPD) of Civil Hospital Theog serves as a healthcare facility catering to a large population in the region. However, there is limited information available regarding the level of knowledge and awareness among women regarding uterine fibroids and their associated complications in this specific geographical area.

Assessing the knowledge of women regarding uterine fibroids and their complications is essential for healthcare providers to identify gaps in knowledge and develop targeted educational interventions. It can also guide policymakers in implementing public health strategies to improve awareness, prevention, and early detection of uterine fibroids.

This study aims to assess the knowledge and awareness of women attending the Outpatient Department of Civil Hospital Theog, Himachal Pradesh, regarding uterine fibroids and their complications. By evaluating the level of knowledge, sources of information, and misconceptions related to uterine fibroids, this study aims to provide valuable insights into the educational needs of women in the region

Objectives of the Study

To assess the familiarity with uterine fibroids among women attending the OPD of Civil Hospital Theog, Himachal Pradesh.

• Research Approach -Descriptive

• Research Design-Hospital based cross-sectional survey design

• Setting of the study-OPD in Civil hospital Theog, Himachal Pradesh

• Study duration-between March 2023- May 2023

• Study population-  Women aged above 18 years came to OPD 

• Sample size- 400 women, assuming 50% have adequate knowledge regarding uterine fibroids , 5% absolute error, 95% confidence level, and 5% non response rate.

• Sampling Technique- convenience  Sampling technique

• Sampling criteria- first five female patients who came to OPD were selected everyday till the completion of sample size after explaining the purpose of the study. Informed consent was taken from them and confidentiality  of the selected  participants was also maintained 

• Inclusive Criteria-   female patients who were willing to participate in the study.

• Exclusion Criteria: female patients who were not willing to participate in the study

• Description of Tool

• Demographic data survey instrument: The demographic form elicited information on participants’ background: age, marital status, religion, employment, education, family’s monthly income etc.

• Questionnaire: The questionnaire contains 20 structured knowledge related questions. One mark was given for each correct answer and zero for incorrect answer. The maximum score was 20 and minimum score was zero. Scoring was done on the basis of marks as >80%(16-20)=very good,60-79%(12-15) =Good,41-59% (8-11)=Fair,<40% (< 8)=poor

• Validity of tool - by the experts in this field

• Data collection by under the guidance of supervisors and patients were given 30 minutes time to complete that questionnaire and collected at the end of the prescribed time

• Data analysis with Epi Info V7 Software with appropriate statistical test in terms of frequencies, percentage.

The goal of the current study was to assess the familiarity with uterine fibroids among women attending the OPD of Civil Hospital Theog, Himachal Pradesh

A total of 400 respondents including 148 (37%) were from urban area and 252(63%) were from rural area were participated in the study.

In the present study 27.75% (111) participants had very good knowledge (16-20 marks) towards uterine fibroids, 38% (152) had good knowledge (12-15 marks), 26.75% (107) had fair knowledge (8-11 marks) and 7.5% (30) having poor knowledge (<8 marks).

Table 1: Knowledge regarding uterine fibroids among study participants

Figure 1: Knowledge score regarding uterine fibroids among study participants

The knowledge and awareness of women regarding uterine fibroids and their complications are crucial for early detection, diagnosis, and appropriate management. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and awareness of women attending the Outpatient Department of Civil Hospital Theog, Himachal Pradesh, regarding uterine fibroids and their complications.

The findings of the study indicate that the participants had varying levels of knowledge regarding uterine fibroids. Regarding the understanding of the term "uterine fibroids," a significant proportion (76%) of participants correctly identified its meaning. Similarly, a considerable number of respondents (61.25%) were aware that uterine fibroids are non-cancerous growths. However, there were some gaps in knowledge, particularly regarding the signs and symptoms associated with uterine fibroids, with only 59.5% of participants providing accurate responses.

The study also assessed the knowledge regarding the diagnosis and treatment of uterine fibroids. Approximately 69.5% of participants correctly identified how medical professionals diagnose uterine fibroids. However, the understanding of contributing factors, hormonal medication management, and available treatment options for uterine fibroids showed room for improvement, with correct responses ranging from 31% to 53%.

In terms of long-term effects and impact on fertility, approximately 50.75% of participants correctly recognized that uterine fibroids can affect a woman's ability to conceive or cause infertility. However, knowledge about the potential risk of uterine or ovarian cancer associated with uterine fibroids was relatively low, with only 46.75% providing the correct response.

The study also assessed participants' knowledge about lifestyle modifications, monitoring symptoms, and available resources for uterine fibroids. Approximately 53.5% of respondents correctly recognized that lifestyle changes, such as exercise and diet modifications, can help manage uterine fibroids. However, awareness regarding support groups and available resources for women dealing with uterine fibroids was relatively low (30.75%).

Overall, the study findings highlight the need for improved knowledge and awareness among women regarding uterine fibroids and their complications. This can be achieved through targeted educational interventions and awareness campaigns. Healthcare providers and policymakers should focus on disseminating accurate and comprehensive information about uterine fibroids, including symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options, and potential long-term effects. Additionally, creating support networks and resources for women dealing with uterine fibroids can enhance their overall well-being and quality of life [9-12].

When comparing the results with other similar studies^1-8, it was observed that the knowledge levels in the current study were comparable or slightly lower. This suggests a need for targeted educational interventions to improve awareness and knowledge among women in the region. Educational campaigns and health promotion initiatives should focus on disseminating accurate information about uterine fibroids, emphasizing preventive measures, early detection, and available treatment options.

It is worth noting that the study participants from rural areas had slightly lower knowledge scores compared to those from urban areas. This highlights the importance of targeting rural populations specifically and addressing any barriers to access information and healthcare services. Strategies such as community outreach programs, informative pamphlets, and utilizing local media channels can help bridge the knowledge gap.

Limitations

It is important to acknowledge some limitations of this study. The convenience sampling technique may introduce selection bias and the specific study setting may limit the generalizability of the findings. Furthermore, the study did not assess the sources of information or the impact of sociodemographic factors on knowledge levels. Future research should consider larger sample sizes and a more diverse participant pool to enhance the representativeness of the study.

In conclusion, the findings of this study underscore the importance of enhancing knowledge and awareness about uterine fibroids among women. By addressing gaps in knowledge and promoting accurate information, healthcare providers and policymakers can contribute to early detection, timely management, and improved outcomes for women affected by uterine fibroids.

1. Agarwal, P., and A. Srivastava. "Uterine Fibroids: A Comprehensive Review." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol. 5, no. 3, 2016, pp. 605–610.

2. Aninye, I.O., and M.H. Laitner. "Uterine Fibroids: Assessing Unmet Needs from Bench to Bedside." Journal of Women’s Health (Larchmt), vol. 30, no. 8, 2021, pp. 1060–1067.

3. Baird, D.D. et al. "High Cumulative Incidence of Uterine Leiomyoma in Black and White Women: Ultrasound Evidence." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol. 188, no. 1, 2003, pp. 100–107.

4. Cleveland Clinic. "Uterine Fibroids." Cleveland Clinic, https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9130-uterine-fibroids. Accessed 2 July 2023.

5. Downes, E. et al. "The Burden of Uterine Fibroids in Five European Countries." European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, vol. 152, no. 1, 2010, pp. 96–102.

6. Eltoukhi, H.M. et al. "The Health Disparities of Uterine Fibroid Tumors for African American Women: A Public Health Issue." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol. 210, no. 3, 2014, pp. 194–199.

7. Gupta, S., and I. Manyonda. "Acute Presentations of Fibroids." Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology, vol. 22, no. 4, 2008, pp. 617–626.

8. Gupta, S., J. Jose, and I. Manyonda. "Clinical Presentation of Fibroids." Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology, vol. 22, no. 4, 2008, pp. 615–626.

9. Hopkins Medicine. "Uterine Fibroids." Johns Hopkins Medicine, https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/uterine-fibroids. Accessed 3 July 2023.

10. Mount Sinai. "Uterine Fibroids and Hysterectomy." Mount Sinai Health Library, https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/report/uterine-fibroids-and-hysterectomy. Accessed 4 July 2023.

11. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. "Uterine Fibroids." NICHD, https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/uterine/conditioninfo/symptoms. Accessed 5 July 2023.

12. Stewart, E.A. et al. "Epidemiology of Uterine Fibroids: A Systematic Review." BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, vol. 124, no. 10, 2017, pp. 1501–1512.