Eggplant is an herbaceous plant whose height ranges between 28 and 70 cm. It has large, lobed leaves, purple flowers and large, purple fruits. Its scientific name and the most commonly used parts of the plant are the cones of the fruit, the fruit and the leaves. Eggplant fruits contain protein, carbohydrates and vitamins A, B and B2. The plant is all around; its roots go deep into the soil up to 150–200 cm and it spreads laterally for a distance of 40–60 cm. Flowers are hermaphroditic and self-pollination is prevalent, although a high rate of cross-pollination by insects occurs. The fruit is fleshy and has rapid growth, as its growth is completed within 10–35 days of settling, depending on the variety and the prevailing environmental conditions [1].

The origin of the eggplant plant goes back to India, where its seeds of various colors and sizes were grown, depending on the method of cultivation, the origin of the seed and the method of irrigation. Eggplant was cultivated in South and East Asia in the prehistoric period and it became known in the Arab world after the year 1500 [2].

Eggplant needs a long, warm growing season of at least five months for successful cultivation. And plants die if they are exposed to light frost, even for a short period. The optimum temperature for growth is 18–24 Celsius during the day and 16–18 Celsius at night and the optimum temperature for flowers and nodes is 20–21 Celsius during the day and 15–16 Celsius at night.

Eggplant can be grown in all types of soil, but it does best in fertile, medium-textured, easy-to-drain and rich in organic matter [3]. It is possible to plant the eggplant in February in planting containers and then move it at the end of the month to the places designated for it, whether at home or on farms. Eggplant needs a warm atmosphere, as the drop in temperature at night delays growth and reduces yield. Eggplant cultivation is good in yellow, heavy, well-drained lands rich in organic matter [4]. It is a naturally low-calorie, fat-free and complex carbohydrate food, in addition to being high in dietary fiber, water and a range of vitamins and minerals [5].

One of the most important antioxidants with many benefits that eggplant contains is anthocyanin, which belongs to flavonoids and is also responsible for the unique purple color of the eggplant skin. Eggplant peel also contains the glycoside solasodyne remuncil, which is used as a topical treatment to kill non-melanoma skin cancer cells, according to what was published in the International Journal of Clinical Medicine [6].

Eggplant has great and important nutritional benefits because it consists of minerals including potassium, sodium, magnesium, phosphorous and zinc, in addition to vitamins, the most important of which are vitamin B and vitamin C [7]. It also contains fibers that they say have a role in controlling blood sugar. It also activates and cleans the stomach. This is not the case. Not only that, but it is considered soothing because it contains nicotine and it is also an antioxidant, especially its peel, which contains phenol and anthocyanins [8], which reduce inflammation of nervous tissue and facilitate blood flow to the brain, which strengthens memory. And those looking for a diet to lose weight may resort to eggplant because it contains a very high percentage of water, estimated at about 92.3 grams, which increases the sense of satiety. The antioxidant anthocyanins and chlorogenic acid in eggplant help fight free radicals, which are a risk factor for the growth and spread of tumors and cancer cells [9]. Eggplant is characterized by containing a group of vitamins, minerals and some antioxidants, which makes it have multiple health benefits for the body. Many studies have found evidence of the relationship between consuming a variety of vegetables and fruits on a daily basis and a reduced risk of many chronic diseases. Increasing the consumption of plant foods, such as eggplant, reduces the risk of obesity, heart disease and diabetes and promotes healthy skin and hair [4].

Foliar feeding is one of the important signs in the development of modern agriculture, as research and experiments have proven the possibility of supplying Plants with different nutrients by spraying plants with solutions of these elements for easy absorption by plant leaves.

Tecamin Flower product contains phosphorus and boron in addition to amino acids and seaweed, which contain auxins, cytokinin and ghrelin, which makes it good for absorption by leaves and roots and the speed of the result on the plant. It helps reduce nitrates and protein formation and directs it to build enzymes for flowers. It is recommended for all agricultural crops, Such as vegetables (tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers, melons, zucchini and eggplants), fruit trees, field crops and ornamental plants, as it increases the number of flowers in the plant and increases the ability of the plant to hold and reduce the loss of flowers [10].

Due to the lack of studies on the use of tecamin flower and its effect on the productivity of plants, including eggplant, the current study aims to demonstrate the effect of different concentrations of tecamin Flower and its effect on the growth of the Barcelona variety of eggplant. Our plants will reward us with bigger flowers, bigger leaves and bigger fruits and vegetables. tecamin flower fertilizer increases the number of flowers formed and also prevents flower abortion in all crops [11].

This study was conducted on a Barcelona collection of eggplant using Tecamin Flower according to a completely randomized block design. The study included some indicators of vegetative growth and yield (the height of the plant, the number of branches, the number of leaves, the number and weight of fruits and the total amount of production). According to Steele [12], the least significant difference test was used to compare the results (LSD) between the average and the level of 0.05. obtained seedlings of the eggplant plant from one of the nurseries in Afak district, Diwaniyah governorate, with 3–4 true leaves and they were transferred to pots prepared for cultivation and All farming operations ended identically for each treatment, such as weed management, irrigation, fertilization and elimination. The first spraying was about a month and a half after transferring the plants to pots and spraying all over the unconscious system until the plant was completely saturated. The spraying process begins with preparation. Early morning between drizzle and the last fifteen days. At the end of the experiment, the averages of the traits were recorded.

The following vegetative growth characteristics:

• Height of the plant in centimeters: The averages were obtained from the location where the plant first made contact with the soil surface to the growing peak levels

• leaves No. (leaf. plant-1): For each experimental unit, the overall number of leaves was calculated

• Vegetative Branch No. (branch. plant-1): Using the averages of the yield characteristics and each of its components, the number of vegetative branches was calculated for each experimental unit

• Fruits No. (fruit. plant-1): Obtained by dividing the total number of fruits in the experimental unit by the total number of fruit-producing plants from the first harvest, which came 4 months from the date of culture, to the last harvest, which happened at the end of the season

• Fruit weight (grams): was calculated at the end of the season of growth by dividing the experimental unit's yield by the total amount of fruits that have been collected here

• Total yield (kg/plant): The average fruit weight for each plant was divided by the number of fruits for the total yield per plant

Table 1 shows the effect of Tecamin Flower on the studied vegetative growth characteristics of eggplant, Barcelona variety, where the results showed that the concentrations of the preparation significantly increased plant height at concentration (2 mg/L ) reaching ( 88.31 cm ) compared with the comparison treatment (85.53 cm ) , as the effect of concentration (3 mg/L) significantly increased the No. leaves and No. of branches , where No. of leaves (57.75 leaf .plant^-1) and No. of branches (4.53) compared with the adult control treatment (54.79 branch.plant^-1) and (2.69 branch.plant^-1) respectively.

In the Tables 1 and 2, there are no significant differences between the numbers that have the same or similar letters under them, according to Duncan's polynomial test at a probability level of 5%.

The superiority of the plants sprayed with tecamin Flower in all the studied characteristics is attributed to the significance of the nutrients present in this preparation and their impact on the photosynthesis, respiration and protoplasmic enhancing processes, as some of them, such as nitrogen, are involved in the synthesis of a large number of vital organic compounds in the vital processes in the plant [13] It is included in the composition of amino and nucleic acids as DNA and RNA, in addition to the chlorophyll molecule, enzymes and Cytochrome P450. or due to the fact that amino acids and seaweed work to supply the plant with nitrogenous materials necessary for growth and the continuation of vital activities, including cell division and elongation [14].

Perhaps the reason for the increase in the studied indicators is due to the fact that tecamin flower contains essential elements that allow the plant to develop optimally and thrive. Key chemical elements found in this product include nitrogen, which helps promote healthy leaf growth by stimulating the production of chlorophyll (the key chemical involved in photosynthesis, which How plants sunlight into food). Phosphorus supports the strong growth of plants, stems, flowers and fruits and potassium plays a major role in plants and their food making [15].

In addition, the foliar spray of tecamin Flower increases the absorption of calcium, which plays a role in Key role in mitotic cell division of the apical tunnels, as for increasing the yield, it was shown that tecamin Flower promoted vegetative growth and then increased the efficiency of the photosynthesis process, especially since the amount of the crop depends on manufacturing and the accumulation of nutrients resulting from this process [13].

The results of the current study also indicated that there are positive effects of the preparation of tecamin flower on the yield indicators studied and the reason for this is that the plants treated with this preparation increased their efficiency in producing the aforementioned materials because they contain nutrients, amino acids and nucleic acids and increased the efficiency of the vegetative system in processing And the accumulation of carbohydrates and thus the metabolic processes leading to the production of these substances increase according to their influence and as a result, the yield of treated plants increases [16].

Table 1: Effect of different concentrations of Tecamin Flower on the vegetative growth of Solanum melongena L. Barcelona variety

Table 2: Effect of different concentrations of Tecamin Flower on the yield of Solanum melongena L. Barcelona variety

We conclude from this research that the treatment with tecamin Flower had a positive effect on the studied vegetative growth and yield indicators.

Recommendations

We recommend conducting similar research on other eggplant varieties and at different concentrations to find out the optimal effect of the used product.

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10. Mustaf, K.I. et al. “Response of Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) to Spraying of Nutrient Solution (Tecamin Flower) and Growth Stimulant (Hyperatonic) under Unwarmed Plastic House Conditions.” Euphrates Journal of Agriculture Science, vol. 8, no. 2, 2016.

11. Abood, M.A. et al.“Foliar Application of Tecamin Flower® to Alleviate Water Deficit on Vegetative Growth and Yield of Tomato.” International Journal of Vegetable Science, vol. 25, no. 4, 2019, pp. 394–399.

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14. Al-Shammari, A.M.A. et al. “Effect of Foliar Application of Tecamin Flower on Some Vegetative Growth Characters of Tomato Plant under Water Stress Conditions.” Syrian Journal of Agricultural Research, vol. 5, no. 2, 2018, pp. 35–44.

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