Background: In chronic urticaria, activation of coagulation cascade occurs that corresponds to the severity of disease.However its etiopathogenesis still remains unknown. Therefore present study was done to evaluate the variation in coagulation profile and other inflammatory markers among patients with Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria. Methods: All 100 consecutive patients of chronic urticaria aged 18 years and above attending the outpatient Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy clinic of Dr. R. P. Govt. Medical College, Kangra (Tanda), Himachal Pradesh between April 2016 and March 2017. Information on age, gender, symptom duration, previous medical history etc. was collected. Results: The study comprised 100 consecutive patients with chronic Spontaneousurticaria and had 25 males and 75 females (M:F = 1:3) aged between 18 and 69 (Mean±SD = 36.12±10.88) years. The mean prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), international normalized ratio (INR), thrombin time (TT) and Absolute Eosinophilscount were 14.99±2.9, 33.1±5.2, 1.08± 0.3, 17.01 ±0.798 and 205.9±142.3 respectively. Twenty three patients had elevated plasma D-dimer levels of ≥0.3 mg/L whereas 77 had normal levels (≤0.2 mg/l). Only 3 patients had  Serum C-reactive protein>3.0 mg/L while 97 patients had Normal value  below 3.0 mg/L. 69 patients had  Prothrombin Time(PT)>13.7 seconds while 31 patients had Normal value between  11.4-13.7 Seconds. 6 patients had Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)>41.8seconds while 94 patients had Normal value between 27.8-41.8 Seconds. 3 patients had Thrombin time (TT)> 18seconds while 97 patients had Normal value between 15-18 Seconds. 8 patients had International normalized ratio (INR)> 1.4while 92 patients had Normal value of <1.4.  Four patients had Absolute eosnionphil count>500 cells/mm3while 96 patients had Normal value between 20-500 cells/mm3.Conclusions: Our results might support the possible involvement of both coagulation and fibrinolysis pathway in the urticariapathomechanism. Further prospective studies in larger populations conducted at multiple centres are required to expand further our findings.

This study investigates the levels of heavy metals in dust associated with households in Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria. The amount of some heavy metals in the dust samples selected from Puje ward, Hospital ward and Ayvi ward were analyzed with the use of Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Heavy metals determined include Pb, As, Cr, Cd, and Hg. The level of lead was highest in sample station 7 (42.550±1.91 mg/kg) from Hospital ward and lowest in sample1 (22.450±0.49 mg/kg) from Puje ward. Statistical difference exists only between the concentration of lead in sample 1 and 7. There was no statistical difference between the level of lead in sample 1 and other samples and also between sample 7 and the other samples. The level of chromium was highest in sample 1 (2.250±0.13 mg/kg) from Puje ward and lowest in sample 7 (1.300±0.19 mg/kg) and 8 (1.300±0.25 mg/kg) from Hospital ward and Ayvi ward respectively. Cadmium was highest in sample 3 (0.890±0.09 mg/kg) from Puje ward and lowest in sample 4 (0.390±0.13 mg/kg) from Hospital ward. There was a statistical difference between sample station 3 and sample stations 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 9 and 10. Arsenic and mercury was not detected in all the dust samples. The estimated potential carcinogenic risk to the public from inhalation of dust shows the THQ30 and THQ5 for Cd to be highest in Ayvi ward than in Hospital and Puje ward, while THQ30 and THQ5 for Cr was highest in Hospital ward. The THQ30 and THQ5 for Pb was highest in Puje ward than in Hospital and Ayvi ward. The result therefore shows that Hospital ward is more predisposed to Pb toxicity, while Puje ward is more predisposed to Cr and Cd toxicity.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a condition that is characterized by a gradual loss of kidney function over time, and when it progresses can lead to kidney failure. The number of chronic kidney patients is increasing annually in Gashua Yobe State. Therefore this research work intend to compare the level of heavy metals in blood and urine of chronic kidney disease patients and healthy persons in Gashua using atomic absorption spectroscopic techniques. The concentration of Zn, Pb, Cd, Fe, Ni and Cr in the blood and urine of males and females CKD patients, healthy persons, and WHO permissible limit were compared. Based on the findings of this research it revealed higher metals concentration in the blood of males CKD patients Pb(0.087mg/l), Ni(0.075mg/l), Fe(0.133mg/l) and Cd(0.108mg/l) but the concentration of Zn(0.108mg/l) and Cr(0.238mg/l) were higher in the blood of male healthy persons. While for females CKD patients, the concentration of Pb(0.04mg/l), Ni(0.039mg/l), Fe(0.223mg/l), Cr(0.112mg/l) were higher than that of females healthy persons but the concentration of Zn(0.062mg/l) and Cd(0.247mg/l) were higher in the blood of female healthy persons as compared with that of female CKD patients. On the other hand the concentration of Zn, Pb, Cd, Fe, Ni and Cr in the urine of males and females CKD patients were found to be higher than that of healthy persons. The concentration of heavy metals in the blood and urine of CKD patients detected in these research were higher than the WHO permissible limit while for healthy persons the concentration of the heavy metals in the blood were above the WHO permissible limit and the heavy metals such as Zn, Ni, and Pb are higher than WHO standard but Cd, Fe and Cr were within the WHO permissible limit in the urine of males while for the urine of females healthy persons it showed that the concentration of Zn, Ni, Cd, Fe and Cr were within the WHO permissible limit except Pd which is higher than WHO standard.

The goal of this study was to determine the antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory capacity of oven-dried methanolic extract (OME) of Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) leaves. OME showed promising total phenolic content (2.6783 ± 0.0555 mg/g, 0.2678 ± 0.0055 mg/g, 0.0586 ± 0.0037 mg/g) and total flavonoid content (0.8079 ± 0.0050 mg/g, 0.0808 ± 0.0005 mg/g, 0.0140 ± 0.0018 mg/g) with tested concentration of 100 mg/mL, 10 mg/mL and 2 mg/mL. Ferric reducing activity (5.6515 ± 0.0983 mM Fe²⁺, 2.0751 ± 0.0410 mM Fe²⁺, 0.6015 ± 0.0128 mM Fe²⁺) and DPPH radical scavenging activity (87.99 ± 0.24%, 16.21 ± 0.17%, 5.82 ± 0.80%) of OME was in correlation with phytochemical compounds. OME also showed antimicrobial activity on E. coli and S. aureus which is comparable to commercial antibiotic (Streptomycin). The IC₅₀ of OME in proteinase inhibition was 2.57 ± 0.02 mg/mL. Overall, OME could be a potential remedy in the management of oxidative stress and microbial infections.

Eighty patients were collected from Yarmouk Hospital, located in Karkh district, Baghdad, Iraq and paper aim to know and assessment between gonadotropin levels and inhibin B levels in fertile women for obese women The ELISA device was relied upon in the evaluation and analysis of the results, in addition to the reliance on the statistical analysis program in evaluating the results, where the relationship was extracted in addition to the mean value and standard regression and An inverse relationship was found between the variables that link gonadotropin levels and inhibin B with obesity.

Background: Blood culture forms a critical part of the evaluation of patients with suspected sepsis. Hence, the present study is designed to determine the Incidence and etiological profile of gram-positive bacterial positivity in Invasive bloodstream infections in all age groups using automated Bactec systems. Material and Methods: All the blood culture samples received in the Department of Microbiology for culture by Bactec bd fx from July 2015 to June 2016 were included in the study. The blood culture was observed in the Bactec bd fx system for at least 5 days before they are reported as sterile. Results: Among the total 1275 cultures which were positive for bacteria, 344(26.98%) were of Gram-positive bacteria while 931(73.02%) were positive for Gram-negative bacteria. Among the total of 344 culture positive for Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in 184(53.49%) cultures, followed by CoNS 143 (41.57%), Other spp 11(3.20%), and Enterococcus spp 6(1.74%).Among the total,100 (29.07%) were belongs to 0-1 year, 20 (5.81%) were 2-5 years, 27 (7.85%) were 6-18years, 84(24.42%) were 19-45 years, 70(20.35%) were 46-65 years, 43(12.50%) were ≥66 years. Among the total,211 (61.34%) were male while 133 (38.66%) were female. Conclusion: Staphylococcus aureus was the commonest organism among GPC isolates. CoNS was the commonest isolated organism in the neonate and adolescent age group. S.aureus was the commonest isolated organism in adults and the geriatric age group. Males were more commonly culture positive as compared to females among Gram-positive isolates.

Background: Diagnosis of bloodstream infection in neonates is quite difficult due to varied symptoms, thus empirical therapy guided by knowledge of causative agents and their local antibiotic susceptibility profile is a critical step to improve therapeutic outcomes in such cases. So we planned to study the bacteriological profile and antibiotic susceptibility pattern in neonatal sepsis to compare the efficacy of ampicillin and gentamicin combination as compared to 3rd generation cephalosporin's so that empirical antibiotics treatment could be tailored to treat neonatal sepsis. Methods: It was a prospective observational study conducted throughout one and a half years from January 2015 to June 2016 in the Department of Paediatrics and Microbiology, Indira Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Shimla (INDIA). Blood culture samples of neonates suspected of having EOS  or LOS were sent to the Microbiology department where they were inoculated into BACTEC TM Peds plus/F which was then inserted into the BD BACTEC fluorescent series instrument for incubation. The antibiotic sensitivity testing was done by disc diffusion as per CLSI guidelines. Zone sizes were measured and interpreted by BD PHOENIX AUTOMATED AST machine according to CLSI standards 2016. Results: Bacteria were isolated from 183 samples and 162 samples were negative out of the listed 345neonates.  These 183 neonates were enrolled as cases in the study. Out of 183 cases, 70 cases were inborn and 113 were outborn.  The positive blood culture isolation rate was 48.3% and 56.5% in inborn and outborn respectively. There were 102 males and 81 females in the study. The blood culture isolation rate was 53%. Bacteria were isolated from 37 samples of suspected EOS neonates with a  positive isolation rate of 48% and 146 samples of suspected LOS with a  positive culture isolation rate of 54.5%. Conclusion: The prevailing pattern of causative etiological agents and their sensitivity pattern is very important as it helps in the selection of specific and effective antibiotic(s) for treatment of the index case. It also helps to formulate an institutional policy regarding the selection of antibiotics at the time of admission in neonates admitted with suspected sepsis. This helps in preventing the misuse of antibiotics and the emergence of antibiotic resistance.

In the vast kingdom of antibiotics, Ciprofloxacin is one of the common family, having significant absorption activity. The principal target of this research has been settled to monitor the redox behavior of Cu (II) and Cr (III) in potassium chloride before and after interaction with ciprofloxacin involving three prominent electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperomety and chronocoulometry. To perform this work, Cu (II) and ciprofloxacin equimolar solution was mixed to a 1:1 ratio but Cr (III) and Ciprofloxacin solution to a 1:2 ratio. Then after interaction those were analyzed in solution. The observations for Cu (II) as well as Cu (II)-ciprofloxacin interaction systems showed that the redox couple involved in both the cases were quasi-reversible. But the Cr (III) system, before and after interaction, showed reversible and irreversible behaviour respectively. After interaction with ciprofloxacin, the chronoamperometric study showed that the rate of electrolysis for both the metal systems were decreased and the charges at τ values are also decreased in all the cases which were assigned from the chronocoulometry. These facts together indicated towards successful interaction between the metals and ciprofloxacin. Again after interaction, adsorption of reactant or products occur on the electrode, which was found from the plots Q vs t^1/2 and -Q_r vs θ. To conclude, it can be said that the significant activities of the metal-ciprofloxacin interaction may be employed as a basis in the field of medicine.