This study examines the relationship between international participation in sports and social connectedness in Iraqi society. Despite the fact that athletic activism is not a normative behaviour, it plays a role in political, social, and economic change. Data were collected on social connectedness, selected demographic variables, and community involvement types. This article investigates the impact that sports activism has on promoting social improvement. Using data from 32 in-depth interviews with athletes interested in activism on a variety of subjects, we uncover four embedded aspects of the sport that have considerable consequences for a progressive and activist political orientation. These components are social awareness, meritocracy, responsible citizenship, and interdependence. In conclusion, we argue that athletics can and should be a tool for social improvement. The results support the claim that sports activity is linked to increased social connection. It was discovered that sports participation predicts social closeness. The study also discovered that the duration and intensity of sports involvement were highly related to social connection ratings.

This study seeks to examine the impact of utilizing electronic educational bags on the acquisition of various skills in the context of physical education lessons for middle school students, specifically focusing on handball. Additionally, it aims to elucidate the significance of these educational bags in facilitating favorable and enhanced outcomes in handball performance among students. The most significant objectives of the study were to develop offensive handball skills using the educational bag. And to determine the efficacy of using the educational satchel to acquire offensive handball skills. To accommodate the nature of this study, the researchers employed an experimental design with two groups, one experimental and the other control, using measurement (pre-post). The research population consisted of middle school students in Maysan Governorate. Fifth grade prep students at Al-Andalus School made up the research sample, which had a strength of 24 students. They were split into two groups: one experimental group had 12 students, while the other was a control group had 12. Additionally, 6 students were used as an exploratory sample in order to determine the scientific coefficients of the tests used in the research and cognitive testing. The most significant findings showed that learning offensive abilities in handball (the subject of the study) is improved by using the electronic educational bag. And that the electronic educational bag contributed to the experimental group's superior performance compared to the control group in terms of cognitive achievement and fundamental skill performance (the subject of the investigation). The proposed educational program has a beneficial effect on raising the performance level of offensive skill. The control group's level of offensive skill performance (under research) was somewhat improved by the conventional program that was used. The implementation of the instructional bag was suggested as the most crucial change because of how well it helped students learn how to play handball.

The study aims to examine the effect of the effectiveness of time management and Biggs' method in improving the serving skill in volleyball. It also seeks to analyze the extent to which this method contributes to enhancing the level of serving performance among female students. The researchers adopted the experimental method using a two-group design (experimental and control), as it is compatible with the nature of the research problem under investigation. The study population consisted of second-year female students at the College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Misan, for the academic year 2023–2024, distributed into two sections with a total of 50 students. The research sample was selected randomly by lottery, the experimental group comprised Section (A) with 25 students, while the control group comprised Section (B) with the same number. The research procedures involved implementing instructional units during the period from 1 April 2023 to 24 April 2023, at a rate of two instructional units per week on Mondays and Wednesdays, with each unit lasting 90 minutes. These procedures included 12 instructional units focused on developing the targeted skills. Students' performance levels were measured using specialized tests designed to assess the technical aspects of the front (tennis-style) serve and the spike. The results indicated that the instructional units based on time management and Biggs' methodology had a clearly positive effect on improving the serving and spiking skills compared with traditional methods. The strategy enhanced the students' ability to achieve deep understanding and accurate application of fundamental sports competences. In light of these findings, the researchers recommend integrating time management and Biggs' method as an essential component in volleyball teaching programs, with an emphasis on applying this strategy when designing instructional units for teaching basic skills such as serving and spiking. They also recommend employing the strategy to develop other various sports skills.