Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous Ferric Carboxymaltose in the Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Pregnancy
Background: Women with iron deficiency anemia are at an increased risk of maternal morbidity and poor perinatal outcome. The present study was done with the objective to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ferric carboxymaltose in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy. Material & Methods: This was a prospective study conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kamla Nehru State Hospital for Mother and Child, Indira Gandhi Medical College Shimla from 1st June 2019 to 31st May 2020. Forty three antenatal women with iron deficiency anemia were included in the study. The subjects were given intravenous ferric carboxymaltose and Response of treatment in terms of hemoglobin, packed cell volume, serum iron, serum ferritin and total iron binding capacity was assessed at 2 and 4 weeks on follow up. Results: The mean age in subjects was 25.3 years and Maximum subjects were in age group 21 – 25 years and belong to lower middle class according to modified Kuppuswamy scale.All the subjects developed reticulocytosis following treatment with FCM. At 2 weeks post infusion the mean hemoglobin was 10.48 g/dL while At 4 weeks post infusion the mean hemoglobin was 11.42 g/dL. The mean value in packed cell volume at 2 weeks of follow up was 33.64 % while At 4 weeks post infusion the mean packed cell volume was 37.11%. Mean serum iron at 2 weeks of follow up was 114.67 ug/dl while At 4 weeks of follow up mean serum iron was 137.95 ug/dL. At 2 weeks follow up, the levels of mean serum ferritin was 135.3 ng/mL while at 4 weeks, the levels of mean serum ferritin 107 ng/mL. At 4 weeks of follow up there was a significant fall in total iron binding capacity (155.97 ug/dL).Out of 43 subjects, 4.7% developed local adverse reactions and none of the subjects developed systemic reactions. Conclusion: The present study concluded that intravenous ferric carboxymaltose is efficacious in replenishment of iron stores and improvement of hemoglobin levels and has better safety profile.