Chronic periodontitis is an infectious disease characterized by gingival inflammation and loss of supporting periodontal tissues leading to destruction of bone and tooth mobility. Langerhans’ cells are unique population of antigen presenting cells which recognize the antigen, capture it, present it to T-lymphocytes and initiates an immune response. They may represent as “key cells” in pathogenesis and development of periodontal diseases. CD1a is considered as a reliable approach for identifying Langerhans’ cells immunohistochemically. Aims and Objectives: To assess and compare the Langerhans cell expression in Chronic Periodontitis and normal gingival epithelium using anti CD1a antibody. The objective of the present study was to compare and evaluate both quantitatively and qualitatively the expression of CD1a in Chronic periodontitis and normal gingiva. Materials and Methodology: A group of 60 individuals included a study group of 30 individuals having chronic periodontitis and a control group of 30 individuals with clinically healthy normal gingiva. The patients with history of systemic diseases, tobacco usage, who had received periodontal treatment in a recent period of time, are excluded in the sample. Informed consent was taken from the patients along with institutional ethical clearance. The gingival biopsies are collected from the Department of Periodontics, Oral Surgery and Orthodontics were fixed in neutral buffered formalin and are stained immunohistochemically for the detection of Langerhans cells using anti CD1a. Dark brown stain of varying intensity scattered within the gingival epithelial were identified as CD1a positive cells. The data obtained were tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis. Results: The mean of Langerhans cells and staining intensity was increased in the study group when compared to that of the control group. The statistical significance was observed in relation to location with increased expression of stratum basale and stratum spinosum. Conclusion: Results showed that there is significant increased expression of mean of Langerhans cells and staining intensity in the study group when compared to that of the control group concludes that there is an increased host immune response in study group.