The research focused on determines the degree of farmers' attitudes toward this use. Also, to identifying the most important reasons for farmers' tendency toward modern irrigation systems. In addition, to determine the relationship between the independent variables studied and the degree of their attitude toward using modern irrigation systems. As well as, to determine the degree of contribution of each independent variable associated with the dependent variable. A random sample of 200 farmers was selected from the total number of farmers, 1.348 registered in the agricultural division of the research area. This brought the percentage of farmers in the study area to 14.84%. The study concluded the following main findings: Nearly half of the sample 49 farmers had a positive attitude toward using modern irrigation systems. A positive correlation was also found between the degree of attitude toward the use of modern irrigation systems and each of the following independent variables for the respondents: farm holding size, exposure to mass media, formal and informal social participation and contact with change agents and attitude toward agricultural extension. There was a positive relationship at the (0.05) level between the degree of attitude and each of the following variables: farm holding size, formal social participation and contact with change agents. The calculated Pearson's coefficient values for each were, respectively: 0.1761, 0.2091 and 0.1862. These values are higher than the tabular value at the same significance level, which is 0.172. This relationship was also positive at the (0.01) level, with the calculated value of the correlation coefficient between farmers' attitudes toward using modern irrigation systems and their exposure to communication media being 0.2708. The value of this coefficient for informal social participation was 0.2461 and for attitudes toward agricultural extension, it was 0.5530. All of the above values were higher than the tabulated correlation coefficient value at the (0.01) level of significance, which was 0.226. The two variables attitudes toward agricultural extension and the size of the agricultural holding, each contributed 32.66% of the total variance of the dependent variable. Only two variables contributed to the total variance explained by the degree of tendency towards using modern irrigation systems and their combined contribution to this degree was 32.661 of which 30.58% was attributed to the tendency towards agricultural guidance and 2.081% to the size of the agricultural holding. By testing the significance of this contribution, it became clear that the contribution percentage of these two variables was significant at the level of (0.01).
The new technologies into various areas of agricultural work contribute to rationalizing the use of production elements and increasing returns. Water resources are one of the production elements that represent a determining factor in agricultural production, as is the case in various other sectors [1]. There is a need to rationalize the use of this vital resource, as future water demand is expected to exceed available water due to horizontal and vertical agricultural expansion. This is particularly true given that urban and industrial expansion will increase their share of water use, reducing the share of available water for agriculture.
To rationalize water use in agriculture, it is necessary to develop a water policy that encourages the expansion of advanced irrigation methods and rationalizes water use to reduce waste. It also requires leveraging modern technology to develop crop varieties that require less water and shorter land use periods [2]. It is important to include water as a key component of agricultural development strategies, as it is one of the most important requirements for countries' development and expanding reliance on the agricultural sector to support sustainable development [3]. Therefore, it is necessary to work to change the culture within which Egyptian farmers operate, which is a culture of abundance and replace it with a culture of scarcity. This will enable farmers to realize that water is a scarce resource and must be carefully preserved, protected from pollution and protected from any waste or depletion [4].
It is imperative to use irrigation water wisely without depleting this vital resource in various areas of life, including agriculture and rural life and to exploit it appropriately to achieve productive efficiency within the limits of rational water use [5]. The use of modern irrigation methods is the primary basis for rationalizing water use. These methods enable water quantities to be controlled to ensure a constant level of soil moisture suitable for plants, leading to superior production. This is in addition to ensuring consistent water distribution and saving on labor required to operate the network. Furthermore, they reduce weed growth and eliminate the need for land leveling [5].
These methods include sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation and center pivot irrigation, used in large areas. The use of these methods depends on a number of factors, the first of which are soil-related factors, namely: soil texture, soil depth and topography. The second is water-related factors, such as the amount and characteristics of available water. The third is plant-related factors, such as the plant's tolerance to water, the type of machinery used and crop harvesting [7]. Therefore, to achieve high efficiency in the use of modern irrigation systems and achieve the desired goal of rationalizing water use, it is necessary to deepen farmers' awareness of this use and their understanding of the importance of rationalizing water use. This requires a positive attitude toward the use of these technological innovations. Providing information about them allows for an active response to expand the use of these methods and instills a culture of scarcity among farmers to achieve the goals of sustainable development and the rational use of the most important element of agricultural production, namely water. Field visits and discussions between extension workers and farmers are also an important factor in the successful implementation of innovations, particularly modern irrigation systems [8].
The importance of the advisory role in rationalizing water use as a vehicle for conveying information about emerging technologies, in addition to the conservation of natural resources and the importance of focusing on the need for training to increase farm management efficiency, by working with farmer groups such as field schools [9]. Farmer participation in various activities has been proven to be an important factor in leading change [10] and modifying behavior toward rational water use [11].
Holding training courses for agricultural extension workers in the field of water extension, focusing on several aspects, most notably the limited freshwater resources, how to develop other water sources and modern irrigation methods, is a top priority within sustainable development programs, as it is one of the seventeen goals adopted by many countries around the world [12]. Identifying and training local leaders and convincing them of the wise and conscious use of water resources enables extension workers to transfer knowledge and advocate for the application of new technologies to a broad base of farmers and contribute to the rational use of life's most important resource, water [13]. The main problem facing irrigation is the irrational use of water. Since this resource represents an important component of the country's agricultural development strategy, it must be preserved from depletion and waste.
This study was conducted to identify the degree of farmers' tendency to use modern irrigation systems, their tendency to implement these systems and the relationship between the independent variables of the farmers surveyed and their degree of use of these systems and their attitudes toward them. Recommendations are then proposed based on the study's findings, to develop programs for the use of modern irrigation systems, taking into account the independent variables that contribute to farmers' use of these systems and their attitudes toward them. This is intended to foster favorable attitudes among farmers and modify their irrigation behavior toward a more rational use of water for irrigation and other aspects of rural life.
Study Aims
Based on the research problem, the following research objectives were established:
Identify some of the distinctive characteristics of the farmers surveyed
Determine the degree of the farmers' attitude toward using modern irrigation systems
Study the relationship between the degree of the farmers' attitude toward using modern irrigation systems and the following independent variables: age group, marital status, educational level, number of family members, primary occupation, size of agricultural holding, ownership of agricultural machinery, exposure to mass media, use of extension methods, degree of formal participation, cultural openness of the respondents, degree of contact with change agents, opinion leadership, degree of informal social participation and attitude toward agricultural extension
Determine the degree of contribution of each of the studied independent variables with a significant correlation in explaining the overall degree of attitude toward using modern irrigation systems
Research Hypotheses
To achieve the third and fourth research objectives, the following research hypotheses were formulated:
There is a relationship between the degree of attitude of the surveyed farmers toward using modern irrigation systems and some of the studied independent variables mentioned in the third objective
Independent variables that are significantly related to the overall degree of attitude of the surveyed farmers toward using modern irrigation systems contribute to explaining the variance in this dependent variable
Statistical hypotheses were developed in their zero-sum form to test the validity of the research hypotheses.
This study was conducted in Wasit Province, Kut District and its affiliated areas. A random sample of 200 surveyed farmers was selected from a total of 1.348 farmers registered in the agricultural division of the research area. This brings the percentage of farmers in the study area to 14.84%. A personal interview questionnaire was used as a tool to collect study data from the respondents. This was followed by a preliminary test of twenty farmers. The necessary modifications were made to ensure the questionnaire was valid for achieving the research objectives. Data was collected from the respondents during July and August, 2024.
The final questionnaire included the following:
A section on the independent variables of the respondents, including age group, marital status, educational level, family members, primary occupation, size of agricultural holdings, ownership of agricultural machinery, exposure to mass media, degree of use of extension methods, degree of formal participation, degree of cultural openness, degree of contact with change agents, opinion leadership, informal social participation and attitudes toward agricultural extension
A section devoted to the trend toward the use of modern irrigation systems by the surveyed farmers. Data from the surveyed farmers were collected during the period from the beginning of July to the end of December, 2024
The obtained data was processed as follows:
Age Group
The age of the respondents was recorded according to the nearest calendar year and the total number of respondents was divided into three age groups: (21-36, 37-52 and 53 old).
Married Status
Married individuals received two marks, while unmarried individuals (whether single, divorced, or widowed) received one mark. Thus, the marital status of the respondents was divided into two categories: married or unmarried.
Educational Level
Illiterate respondents were given one mark, literate respondents received two marks, primary school graduates received three marks, intermediate school graduates received four marks, preparatory school graduates received five marks and higher education graduates received six marks. The respondents were divided into six categories based on their educational status.
Number of Family Members
The respondents were divided into three categories based on the family's composition of members: (2-5) members, (6-9) members and (10 or more) members.
The Respondent's Primary Occupation
Two marks were given to those who practiced agriculture as their primary occupation and one mark was given to those who had another occupation besides agriculture.
Agricultural Holding Size
Respondents were divided into three categories based on their agricultural holdings in dunums, as follows: (less than 30 dunums), 30-100 dunums and 100 dunums or more.
Agricultural Machinery Ownership
This refers to machinery used to perform agricultural service operations, regardless of whether the respondent owns a water pump, as it is a component of irrigation systems. Respondents were divided into those who owned agricultural machinery, receiving two marks and those who did not, receiving one mark.
Degree of Exposure to Mass Media
This refers to reading, listening to, or watching agricultural topics or programs related to the use of modern irrigation systems, whether personally or through other mass media, such as social media, radio, or television. The response "always" was given three marks, "sometimes" two marks and "never" one mark. The total of the respondent's responses to all the statements presented represents the degree of exposure to mass media. Respondents were divided according to their degrees. The survey was divided into three categories: low exposure (4-6), medium exposure (7-9) and high exposure (10 or more).
Degree of use of Extension Methods
The degree of use of extension methods refers to the respondent's use of the methods or the extent to which they are exposed to them by the agricultural extension agent. The response (always) was given three marks, (sometimes) two marks and (never) one mark. The respondents were divided according to their scores into three categories: low use (11-21), medium use (22-32) and high use (33 or more).
Degree of Official Participation
This refers to the participant's participation in the work of official organizations and agricultural companies included in the questionnaire. Participants were given 3 marks for permanent participation, 2 marks for occasionally participation and 1 mark for non-participant. The total marks represent the respondent's degree of official participation in all organizations included in the questionnaire. The respondents were divided according to these marks into three categories: weak participation (1-4 marks), medium participation (5 marks) and high participation (9 marks or more).
Cultural Openness
This refers to the respondent's frequency in urban areas, whether in the center, governorate, capital, or outside the country. A respondent who (always) visits any of these centers was given 3 marks, a respondent who (occasionally) visits any of these centers was given 2 marks and a respondent who (never) visits any of these centers was given 1 mark. The respondents were divided according to their degree of frequency into three categories: weak openness (5-7 marks), medium openness (8-10 marks) and high openness (11 marks or more).
Degree of Contact with Change Agents
This refers to the respondent's frequency in urban areas, whether in the center, governorate, capital, or outside the country. Change agents are those working at the governorate level, whether in the agricultural or veterinary fields, who aim to bring about desired changes in the knowledge, skills and attitudes of farmers. Those who contacted any of the agents mentioned in the questionnaire were given three marks for their response (always), two marks for their response (sometimes) and one mark for those who did not contact any of these agents. Respondents were divided according to their scores into three categories: weak contact (7-12 marks), medium contact (13-18 marks) and high or strong contact (19 marks or more).
Opinion Leadership
This refers to the degree to which the respondent provides advice or information on agriculture, the use of modern irrigation systems and some family matters. Respondents were given three marks for their response (always), two marks for their response (sometimes) and one mark for their response (no). The respondents were divided according to their leadership scores into three categories: weak leadership (4-6 scores), medium leadership (7-9 scores) and strong leadership (10 scores or more).
Informal Social Participation
This refers to the respondent's participation in some activities outside of formal organizations in the research area, such as exchanging tools with neighbors, working as colleagues, exchanging visits, participating in community projects, or participating in resolving local disputes. The respondent was given three scores for response (always), two scores for (sometimes) and one score for response (no). The respondents were divided according to their scores into three categories: weak participation (6-8 scores), medium participation (9-11 scores) and high participation (12 scores or more). 15. Degree of Attitude towards Agricultural Extension: This refers to the degree of inclination, disinclination, or desire to engage with the agricultural extension service. This is achieved by identifying the degree of agreement of the surveyed farmers with certain statements indicating this attitude. Positive statements were given three marks for "agreement," two marks for "somewhat," and one mark for "disagreement," while the opposite was true for negative statements. The surveyed farmers were divided into three categories based on their scores: negative (12-17) points, neutral (18-23) points and positive (24 or more).
Surveyed farmers' attitudes toward the use of modern irrigation systems: Three marks were given for (agreement) two marks for (somewhat) and one mark for (disagreement) while the opposite was true for negative statements. The farmers surveyed were divided into three categories according to their degree of tendency toward using modern irrigation systems: negative (17-21 degrees), neutral (22-27 degrees) and positive (28 degrees or more).
Reasons for the tendency toward using modern irrigation systems: The respondents' opinions regarding these reasons were expressed as percentages and arranged in descending order according to their viewpoints.
To statistically analyze the obtained data, the SPSS statistical analysis program was used, including Pearson's simple correlation coefficient, phi coefficient, chi-square and multiple regression and correlation analysis models, in addition to tabular presentations of frequencies and percentages.
Characteristics of the Farmers in the Research Sample
The study results, shown in Table 1 indicate the following:
The results revealed that 49% of the respondents fell into the category of farmers over 53 years old, followed by farmers aged 37-52, who represented 44%. Thus, these two categories represent 93% of the sample size, with an arithmetic mean of 51.25 for the total sample and a standard deviation of 9.81.
The results revealed that the vast majority of the farmers surveyed (90.5%) were married, while approximately 9.5% were unmarried. 3. Educational Level of Respondents: The highest percentage of farmers surveyed fell within the literate category (29.5%), as well as within the categories of those with intermediate and university education, which also totaled 29.5% of the sample. Meanwhile, the percentage of illiterate farmers was approximately 16.5% of the sample, while those with primary and intermediate education did not exceed 24.5% of the sample. The arithmetic mean for the sample was 3.13, while the standard deviation was 1.63.
The results showed that 58.5% of the sample had families with 6-9 members, while 39% of the respondents had families with 2-5 members. The arithmetic mean for the sample was 5.99 and the standard deviation was 1.78. 5. Primary Occupation: The study revealed that the primary occupation of more than 61.5% of the sample was agriculture, while 38.5% of the respondents had occupations other than agriculture.
The results showed that more than three-quarters of the sample (76%) had farm holdings ranging in size from 30 to 100 dunums, which is consistent with the pattern of joint ownership. Meanwhile, 20% of the sample had holdings ranging in size from 100 dunums or more.
Table 1: Distribution of respondents according to their personal and social characteristics
| Characteristics | Categories | Replicate | % | Mean | SD |
| Age Group | (21-36) year (52-37) year (53 or more) year | 14 88 97 | 7.0 44.0 49.0 | 51.25 | 9.81 |
| Married Status | Married Non- married | 181 19 | 90.5 9.5 | ||
| Educational Level | Illiterate Read and write Elementary school Intermediate school Preparatory school University education | 33 59 36 13 40 19 | 16.5 29.5 18.0 6.5 20.0 9.5 | 3.13 | 1.63 |
| Number of Family Members | 2-5 6-9 10 or more | 78 117 5 | 39.0 58.5 2.5 | 5.99 | 1.78 |
| Main job | Agriculture Non-agriculture | 123 77 | 61.5 38.5 | ||
| Farm Holding | 30 or less 30-100 100 or more | 152 40 8 | 76.0 20.0 4.0 | 102.91 | 83.42 |
| Ownership of Agricultural Machinery | Ownership Non-Ownership | 77 123 | |||
| use Communication Tools | Low Medium High | 57 123 20 | 28.5 61.5 10.0 | 7.47 | 1.65 |
| Exposure to Extension Methods | Low Medium High | 190 9 1 | 95.0 4.5 0.5 | 16.02 | 3.44 |
| Formal Participation | Low Medium High | 171 27 2 | 85.5 13.5 0.1 | 2.81 | 1.80 |
| Cultural Openness | Low Medium High | 89 104 7 | 44.5 52.0 3.5 | 7.72 | 1.31 |
| Contact with Change Agents | Low Medium High | 61 115 24 | 30.5 57.5 12.0 | 14.38 | 3.33 |
| Opinion Leadership | Low Medium High | 44 101 55 | 22.0 50.5 27.5 | 8.26 | 2.01 |
| Informal Social Participation | Low Medium High | 46 100 54 | 23.0 50.0 27.0 | 10.1 | 2.11 |
| Exposure to Agricultural Extension | Negative Neutral Positive | 21 79 100 | 10.5 39.5 50.0 | 23.02 | 3.97 |
The arithmetic mean of the holdings of the farmers surveyed was 102.91, with a standard deviation of 83.42.
The study revealed that more than 61.5% of the sample did not own agricultural machinery, while less than 38.5% of the sample owned only agricultural machinery.
The results showed that 61.5% of the sample had moderate exposure to mass media, while 71.5% had moderate to high exposure to mass media. 28.5% of the sample had weak exposure to mass media. The mean exposure was 7.47 with a standard deviation of 1.65.
The table shows that the vast majority of the farmers surveyed had weak use of extension methods (95%). The mean use was 16.02 with a standard deviation of 3.44.
The study revealed that 85.5% of the sample had weak formal participation, while the percentage of those with moderate or high formal participation did not exceed 5% of the research sample. The mean of the respondents' official participation was 2.81, with a standard deviation of 1.80.
The study revealed that more than half of the respondents (52.0%) had a moderate degree of cultural openness, while 44.5% of the sample had a weak degree of cultural openness. The mean of the openness score for the sample was 7.72, with a standard deviation of 1.31.
The results showed that 57.5% of the sample had moderate contact with change agents, while 69.5% of the respondents had a medium to high degree of contact with change agents. The mean of this score for the surveyed farmers was 14.38, with a standard deviation of 3.33. 13. Opinion Leadership: The table shows that 50.5% of the respondents had a medium level of opinion leadership. The percentage of farmers with medium and strong opinion leadership scores approached 78.0% of the respondents. The mean value for the total sample was 8.26, with a standard deviation of 2.01.
The results show that half of the respondents (50%) had a medium level of informal social participation, while the percentage of those with high participation exceeded 27% of the sample. Thus, the percentage of those with moderate or high participation exceeded 77% of the sample. The mean value of informal social participation for the sample was 10.1%, with a standard deviation of 2.11.
The results showed that half of the surveyed farmers (50%) had a strong or positive attitude towards agricultural guidance, while (39.5%) had a neutral attitude. Thus, the percentage of those with a neutral to positive attitude reached (89.5%) of the sample size. The arithmetic mean for the sample was 23.02, with a standard deviation of 3.97.
The Degree of the Direction of the Authorized Farmers Towards the use of Modern Irrigation Systems
It is clear from that (49%) of the respondents had a positive and strong trend towards the use of modern irrigation systems in their crops. As for (39.5%) of the sample, they had a neutral trend towards the use of these systems and thus (88.5%) of the sample had a trend ranging from neutral and positive, while those who had a negative trend towards this use did not exceed only (11.5%) of the sample. 4.33 (Table 2).
The formation of the majority of their positive trends towards the use of modern irrigation systems in their crops has come either after their knowledge through the various means of communication, opinion leaders or field visits, while those who have negative trends towards these systems despite their multiple advantages may be due to social reasons they have or the weak economic capabilities that prevent this.
The Reasons for the trend Towards the use of the Authorized Farmers for Modern Irrigation Systems
It is clear from the results of the study that (62%) of the sample size was the most important reasons for the trend towards the use of modern irrigation systems is the regularity of irrigation water distribution on the agricultural land, as more than half the size of the sample (51.5%) indicated and that the next reason is to increase production revenues quantitatively, while the least of these reasons was from the point of view of the authorized farmers is that the use of these systems does not need a exchange network, as it was reported (only 14.5%) (Table 3). The reasons for the trend towards the use of modern irrigation systems can be listed in descending according to the opinions of the respondents and as the following Table 3.
Perhaps the perception of the authorized farmers is the reasons for the trend towards the use of modern irrigation systems clearly that their conviction in the application of modern irrigation systems came to the previous knowledge of the importance of modern irrigation systems and the activities that they are exposed to due to the scarcity and scarcity of the water, which requires with it the expansion of spreading knowledge of these systems for a wide range to rationalize the use of irrigation water, the use of water losses can be used in cultivating new areas in the future.
The Relationship Between the Degree of Trend of Agriculture Towards the use of Modern Irrigation Systems and Some of the Studied Independent Variables
Table 4 shows that by applying the bindon correction coefficient test for the relationship between the degree of the direction of the farm towards the use of modern irrigation systems and some of the independent variables studied as in the following Table 4.
There was a positive relationship at the level of (0.05) between the degree of direction and both: the size of agricultural possession, the official social participation and the communication of the agents of change, where the calculated value of the Pearson laboratories for each of them, respectively, was: 0.1761, 0.2091 and 0.1862 and these values are higher than the value at the same level significant, which is (0.172).
Table 2: The respondents are based in accordance with their personal and social characteristics
The degree of trend towards the use of modern irrigation systems | replicate | % | mean | SD |
Negative Neutral Positive | 23 79 98 | 11.5 39.5 49.0 | 27.31 | 4.33 |
Total | 200 | 100 |
|
|
Table 3: Reasons for the trend towards the use of modern irrigation systems according to the opinions of the respondents
Reasons | % |
Regular irrigation water distribution on the ground | 62.0 |
Increase production revenues quantitatively | 51.5 |
Overcome the lack of irrigation water and irregularity. | 40.5 |
Working providing | 37.5 |
Rationalization of fertilizer | 34.5 |
Permanent distribution regularly | 34.5 |
Decreased weeds are low and easy to eliminate them | 30.0 |
Reduced production costs | 26.5 |
Improve the quality of the product from agricultural crops | 26.5 |
Save time and effort | 24.5 |
Control the amount of irrigation water | 24.5 |
Not needing the soil surface to plant | 20.0 |
Ease of using agricultural machines | 18.0 |
Decreased incidence of insect and patients | 17.0 |
Ease of agriculture and service operations | 16.5 |
Reduce the need to disinfect rivers and banks | 15.5 |
The use of these systems does not need an exchange network | 14.5 |
Table 4: Reasons for the trend towards the use of modern irrigation systems according to the opinions of the respondents
| Independent variables | Correlation Coefficient |
| Age | 0.0265 |
| The number of family members | 0.0645 |
| Agricultural possession size | *0.1761 |
| The degree of exposure to mass communication means | **0.2708 |
| The degree of use of indicative methods | 0.0939 |
| Official social participation | *0.2091 |
| Civilization openness | 0.0427 |
| Contact the change agents | *0.1862 |
| Leadership | 0.1236 |
| Unofficial social participation | **0.2461 |
| The trend towards agricultural counseling | **0.5530 |
Table 5: The respondents are based in accordance with their personal and social characteristics
Independent variables | Chi-square |
marital status | 0.5756 |
Educational level | **31.2066 |
The basic profession | 1.6371 |
Holding agricultural machines | 3.3682 |
Table 6: The respondents are based in accordance with their personal and social characteristics
Independent variables | Chi-square |
marital status | 0.0536 |
Educational level | 0.3950 |
The basic profession | 0.0932 |
Holding agricultural machines | 0.1298 |
Table 7: The respondents are based in accordance with their personal and social characteristics
| Steps to analysis | The independent variable inside the analysis | Multiple correlation coefficient | The ratio of the interpreter contrast to the dependent variable | The percentage of the interpreter contrast to the dependent variable | correlation coefficient | f- value |
First | The direction agricultural counseling | 0.5529 | 30.580 | 30.580 | 0.6034 | 87.219** |
Second | Agricultural possession size | 0.5715 | 2.081 | 2.081 | 0.0075 | 47.775** |
F value at 0.01 = 6.64 Constant = 14.34159 | ||||||
The trend towards agricultural counseling 0.5530 and all previous values are higher than the value of the tabular correlation coefficient at a moral level (0.01) which is (0.226). By using the proportional matching test between the degree of direction towards, the use of modern irrigation systems and some nominal independent variables: the marital status, the educational level of the researchers and the basic profession for them, as well as possession of agricultural machines in Table 5.
It became clear that there were no moral differences between them except for the educational situation, where the calculated value (31.2066) was higher than the test value at level (0.01), which is (23.209) (Table 6).
To find out the connection between the studied nominal variables studied and the degree of direction towards the use of modern irrigation systems, the Fay factories were applied using the calculated values (2), so most of the values of the Fay indicate a very weak correlation relationship except for the educational situation where the value of Fi 0.950 was approaching the medium link between this variable and the direction towards the use of modern irrigation systems for the researchers, as in the following Table 6.
The statistical imposition can be rejected in terms of there is no relationship between the degree of direction towards the use of modern irrigation systems and the following independent variables: agricultural possession, the degree of exposure to mass communication, formal social participation, contact with change agents and opinion leadership to the researchers, informal social participation and the trend towards agricultural guidance and it is possible to accept the alternative hypothesis on them, as well as not to reject the rest Parts of statistical imposition, regarding both parties to the relationship with the rest of the variables.
The Contribution of Some Independent Variables of the Agricultural to Influence the Degree of the Direction of the Respondents Towards the use of Modern Irrigation Systems
To estimate the percentage of the contribution of each of the variables with moral connection in the interpretation of the total contrast to the degree of trend of agriculture towards the use of modern irrigation systems, use the formal and rising multiple steroid analysis form for the following statistical imposition: Independent variables with moral connection do not contribute to the degree of the direction of the researched farmers towards the use of modern irrigation systems in the interpretation of contrast in this dependent variable.
The results show that only two variables contributed to the total variance explained by the degree of attitude toward the use of modern irrigation systems. Their combined contribution to this degree was 32.661%, of which 30.58% was attributed to the attitude toward agricultural guidance and 2.081% to the size of the agricultural holding (Table 7). By testing the significance of this contribution using the F test for the significance of the regression coefficient, it was found that the contribution of these two variables was significant at the 0.01 level.
Therefore, it was possible to reject the previous statistical hypothesis regarding the variables related to the attitude toward agricultural guidance and the size of the agricultural holdings of the respondents and to accept the alternative theoretical hypothesis regarding them. It is unable to reject the statistical hypothesis in the remaining parts of it.
Based on these results, it can be concluded that the attitude toward agricultural extension and the size of the agricultural holdings of the respondents are variables that contribute significantly to the degree of farmers' attitude toward using modern irrigation systems. This requires consideration when developing programs to modify or support farmers' attitudes toward using modern irrigation systems on their farms and to advocate for the expansion of their use of these systems to foster a positive attitude toward this innovation.
The study recommends that the variables related to formal social participation, the attitude toward agricultural extension, contact with change agents and the size of the agricultural holding be considered, as these variables have a significant impact on guiding farmers toward the use of modern irrigation systems and supporting their attitudes toward them. This should be done when developing future extension programs that target the positive expansion of the use of these systems in agriculture in the study area, developing positive attitudes toward the use of these innovations by farmers and modifying their water consumption behavior in irrigation to a rational one in line with the requirements of the agricultural development strategy, given that water is an important element in this strategy. It is necessary to conserve it from waste or depletion.
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