Raising entrepreneurship needs a twofold policy that should emphasis on both the present situation and upcoming viewpoint of entrepreneurship of female students. Although many scholars and policy makers dedicate their attention to the first problem, but it is equally important to outline the future perspective of entrepreneurship. The determination of this research was to fill this gap by examining the impacts of some relative factors on entrepreneurial intention of female undergraduate students. In the research, a model was projected and empirically experienced on a sample of 289 female students of universities in Bahrain. In the model, entrepreneurial intention was taken as dependent variable and Relational support, Confidence, Attitude and Educational support were considered as independent variables and to find out if they have an impact on the entrepreneurial intention of female undergraduate students. The research underwrites to the literature by hypothesizing and empirically testing how some factors has an impact on the entrepreneurial intention of university students. Although the study is subject to some limitations, it is believed that these limitations can be overcome with further studies. Later in Findings, the results of the survey showed that all the independent variables which were educational support, relational support, attitude and confidence has a significantly positive impact on the entrepreneurial intention of female undergraduate students. The results of the study may have valued suggestions for the policy makers and educationalists. Subsequently, today’s youth are the potential entrepreneurs of the future, understanding their perception about contextual factors can be a contribution to the literature and economic development in the nation and an important step in planning a more effective policy mechanism.

The study examines entrepreneurship orientation on the profitability of telecommunication business in Taraba state with the following objectives; (i) Examine the effects of Proactiveness on profitability of Airtel Networks LTD(ii) Determine the effects of innovation on profitability of Airtel Networks LTD (iii)Evaluate the effect of risk taking on the profitability of Airtel Networks LTD. The survey research design was employed for the study this was influenced by the research problem and its corresponding research question. The choice of survey research design was further considered appropriate because according to Zikmund, Babin, Carr and Griffin, (2012. the Population of the study were 270 staff of airtel network Limited. The sample size was 162 was drawn. Quantitative data collected through the copies of the questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS 21.0 was used to analyze. The findings revealed that the three elements of entrepreneurship orientation taken together significantly affected profitability of telecommunication business (t = 9.781, sig = 000). However, the results indicate that the three elements of entrepreneurship orientation taken together accounted only 0.11% toward variations in profitability of telecommunication business (Adjusted R2 = 011). This means that the remaining 99.9% is a contribution of other factors not included in this study. This signifies that, the factors related to entrepreneurship orientation are important in determining the profitability of telecommunication business, whereas many other factors as well are important.

Microfinance and other development strategies have sought to combat Peruvian poverty for several decades. A U.S.-based Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) has worked to lift the poor of Peru since 2002. Known as “Eagle Condor Humanitarian,” it was designed in a Masters of Public Administration course taught by the author. This research is a report of its design, start-up as a social entrepreneurial venture, its programs and evaluation of field research that describes multiple innovations, including healthcare, small agricultural gardening, education, and other humanitarian interventions, but focusing especially on microentrepreneurship. Peru is a leader in the global microfinance movement and exemplifies key issues in the discussion of the future of microfinance. These include the movement toward institutions with scale economies and an emphasis on MFI financial sustainability. This Eagle Condor case study seeks to address questions about more development-focused institutions with greater individual-level focus and personal involvement from donors.

In the development of business in the agro-industry sector, which is supposed to produce agricultural products, it turns out that in practice many face the threat of agrarian land extinction because it is shifted by industry and property so that the agrarian sector business still needs to be understood. The purpose of this study is to find out 1) what is the level of understanding of business people in terms of the triple bottom line concept, and 2) whether by understanding the triple bottom line concept affects business performance. This is a quantitative study in which data collection uses a questionnaire to obtain data on the understanding of the triple bottom line and its effect on business performance. The variables in this study are the triple bottom line and business performance. The study’s population was the agro-industry business in Gondang Subdistrict, Mojokerto Regency, East Java Province, while the study sample was 25 agro-industry business people in Gondang District with a sampling stratifying approach. Technical data analysis uses descriptive analysis and model analysis. The descriptive analysis uses SPSS software, while analysis of PLS-SEM models uses Smart PLS software. The results of the analysis to test business people’s understanding of the triple bottom line concept and its influence on business performance in order to realize the business continuity of the agro-industry sector, show that: t-test for economic, social and environmental aspects, which means that business people understand the importance of using the triple bottom line concept in running a business. The triple bottom line concept is significantly proven to affect business performance. This is based on the statistical test used in the t-test value; significantly the factors found in the triple bottom line concept affect business performance.

Design thinking is a human-centered, solution-oriented approach to entrepreneurial innovation that aims at better realization of how a user will experience a proposed solution. Design thinking can help find solutions through empathy for understanding actual issues, creativity for innovation, prototyping, and testing with users to ensure that proposed services work (Stanford). The approach is successful both in making businesses successful through offerings that best meet client needs and in solving social issues in social entrepreneurship contexts by introducing solutions through creativity where none may appear to exist. These entrepreneurial skills are particularly relevant for today’s young generation in the face of emerging societal challenges related to educational growth, DesignIT, skill, innovation and many more.

This study examines the Determinants of social entrepreneurial orientation of expat entrepreneurs. This research used a method of quantitative analysis to obtain all the responses from the respondents with the aid of a questionnaire prepared. A sample of 416 expatriate entrepreneurs were selected in Bahrain using purposeful sampling. It has established that there is a significant positive relationship between the level of Innovativeness and Social Entrepreneurial orientation, implying that that the emphasis on social innovation enables social enterprises to deliver superior advantages by disruptive and gradual innovation over traditional social goods, processes, markets and supplies, which ultimately gives them an edge over their rivals. Moreover, the study has found that social risk taking and social pro-activeness, socialness as well as green consumption also have a significant positive relationship with social entrepreneurial orientation. In other words, when social enterprises prepare good business plans, practice effective business controls while constantly seeking opportunities, they are likely to experience success. Indeed, the study recommends developing proper training and development institutions for social entrepreneurs in Bahrain for the systematic growth of social entrepreneurship. On the whole, the result of this study was intended to immensely help facilitators, scholars and entrepreneurs simultaneously. Further, this paper can help guide, prepare and cultivate existing and future social entrepreneurs in social entrepreneurship, as well as help people who want to increase the performance of their social entrepreneurship orientation.

Owing to the contribution of cassava being a major staple food to rural household food security, this study assessed the constraints to cassava value chain development in Ekiti local government area of Kwara State, Nigeria. Primary data were used and collected through the use of a well-structured questionnaire. A two stage random sampling technique was used to select 120 cassava base farmer respondents. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data.