There is an urgent need for walking for different ages and both sexes, as it has become necessary for the various benefits that accrue to health, and walking plays an important role in preventing chronic diseases and treating some cases. Recent studies indicate a high incidence of modern diseases among individuals who have a low level of physical activity.

Cardiovascular diseases, which have worried doctors and specialists, have spread recently, and due to the great development in all areas and the change in human behavior and wrong eating habits in addition to the lack of movement and the availability of modern means of transportation and the increase in life pressures, all of this has necessarily and inevitably led to the emergence of vascular mold diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to encourage individuals to practice walking because it is suitable for all ages and can be practiced anywhere because it does not require means and equipment, and if it is regular and continuous, it will give the individual fitness and health. We also note that the encouragement to practice sports was not limited to athletes, but extended to become a matter of interest for those interested in health from doctors working in the medical and sports field, and the subject of physical fitness has become an obsession for many and a matter of interest to them. [1]

The research problem crystallized that individuals cannot tolerate heart disease while being close to cardiovascular disease due to these incorrect practices and sedentary life. Therefore, the researchers conducted a study on this topic to serve the public interest by urging individuals to walk daily and measuring the extent of the impact of walking on the variables affecting the infection. 

2- Purpose of the study:

- The research aims to identify the distances covered by walking and the extent of their impact on fat percentages.

- Predicting the likelihood of cardiovascular disease in light of the distances covered and the low percentage of fat.

3-1 Research sample:

The research sample included (50) individuals aged 45 to 55 years, a group practicing daily walking at a rate of 7 continuous minutes per day and their number was (25) and a group practicing daily walking at a rate of 14 continuous minutes per day and their number was (25). In order to obtain accurate results, the researcher relied on the principle of homogeneity within each group and equivalence between the two groups so that the starting line would be the same for the two groups.

Table (1)

shows the homogeneity and equivalence of the two groups

2 Study design:

To solve the research problem, the experimental method was used to suit the nature of the research and in the equivalent groups method.

3-3 Variables studied:

1. Cholesterol.

2. Glucose.

3. Triglycerides (TG)

4. High-density lipoproteins (HDL-Ch)

5. Low-density lipoproteins (LDL-Ch)

6. Very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL-Ch)

3-4 Measurements used:

3-4-1 Blood pressure measurement: The blood pressure of the research sample individuals was measured for the purposes of homogeneity and equivalence using a mercury blood pressure measuring device and a stethoscope.

3-4-2 Measurement of research variables: Blood was drawn at Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital for the purpose of measuring variables and during the rest period.

3-4-3 Measuring the daily walking rate: The sample individuals were provided with a smart electronic watch that shows the number of heartbeats, distance traveled, walking speed, and calorie expenditure rate.

3-5 Pre-test:

At exactly nine o'clock in the morning on Thursday, 2/2/2023, the sample individuals were collected at Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital, and according to the instructions, the individual should not eat any food before the test, at least 8 hours of fasting before the test. It included measuring blood pressure and drawing blood to conduct laboratory tests for the variables studied in the pre-test

-6 Main experiment:

The main experiment lasted for a month from (2/2/2023 to 2/3/2023) as the individual must walk daily at a speed of 5 km per hour and at a walking rate of (7 minutes -14 minutes) and no rest during the month.

3-7 Post-test:

The post-test was conducted on 2/3/2023 at nine o'clock in the morning at Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital and under the same conditions in which the pre-test was conducted.

3-8 Statistical methods:

The researcher used the SPSS statistical package to find the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation, and the test of differences for independent samples.

4- Presentation, analysis and discussion of the results:

4-1 Presentation, analysis and discussion of the results for the group that walks 7 minutes per day:

Table (2)

Displays the arithmetic means and standard deviations for the group that walks 7 minutes

From Table (2), it is clear that the value of the difference in the arithmetic means of the cholesterol variable reached (12.392), which is significant at a significance level of (0.000) and in favor of the post-test. This means that the incidence of heart disease is lower. As for the glucose variable, the value of the difference in the arithmetic means of it reached (3.676), which is significant at a significance level of (0.002) and in favor of the post-test. As for the triacylglycerol (TG) variable, the value of the difference of the arithmetic means reached (9.998), which is significant at the significance level (0.000) and in favor of the post-test, because the elevation of the sample in the pre-test could have increased the risk of heart disease [2]. As for the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) variable, the value of the difference of the arithmetic means reached (0.492), which is not significant at the significance level (0.05), which means that there is no difference, as the individual is farther from heart disease the higher the high-density lipoprotein. As for others, they found an equation to know the probability of staying away from heart disease by dividing the total cholesterol by the high-density lipoprotein. As for the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) variable, the value of the difference in arithmetic means for it reached (1.037) and is not significant at a significance level of (0.05), while the very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) variable, the value of the difference in arithmetic means for it reached (2.890) and is significant at a significance level of (0.045) and in favor of the post-test.

4-2 Presentation, analysis and discussion of the results for the group that walks 14 minutes per day:

Table (3)

Displays the arithmetic means and standard deviations for the group that walks 14 minutes

From Table (3), it is clear that the value of the difference in the arithmetic means of the cholesterol variable reached (16.982), which is significant at a significance level of (0.000) and in favor of the post-test. This means that the incidence of heart disease is lower. As for the glucose variable, the value of the difference in the arithmetic means of it reached (4.275), which is significant at a significance level of (0.000) and in favor of the post-test. As for the triacylglycerol (TG) variable, the value of the difference in the arithmetic means reached (6.643), which is significant at a significance level of (0.000) and in favor of the post-test. In order for the incidence of heart disease to be as low as possible, triglycerides must be less than (1.7 mmol/L) because the sample was high in the pre-test, and here the probability of heart disease increased with the rise in triacylglycerides and the percentage reached the intermediate (intermediate risk factors). As for the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) variable, the value of the difference in the arithmetic means reached (2.769), which is significant at a significance level of (0.048), and this means that there is a difference, as the individual is farther from heart disease the higher the high-density lipoprotein (LDH). Others have found an equation. As for the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) variable, the value of the difference in the arithmetic means reached (3.127), which is significant at a significance level of (0.043), while the very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) variable, the value of the difference in the arithmetic means reached (2.672), which is significant at a significance level of (0.049) and in favor of the post-test.

4-3 Presentation, analysis and discussion of the results of the two groups (the group that walks for 7 minutes, the group that walks for 14 minutes)

Table (4)

shows the arithmetic mean, standard deviation and the calculated (t) value for the two groups

Table (4) shows that the value of the difference in the arithmetic means (calculated t) between the two groups for the total cholesterol variable (3.648) was found to be significant at a significance level of (0.000). This indicates that there is a significant difference between the two groups in favor of the group that walks 14 minutes per day, because its increase in the blood (at a rate higher than 5.2 millimoles per liter) causes it to settle on the walls of the blood vessels, gradually blocking them, causing severe damage to the body, as it affects the function of the heart and kidneys and may lead to a stroke. It also shows that there is a significant difference between the two groups in the variable of blood sugar, as the value of the difference in the arithmetic means (calculated t) between the two groups for the variable (5.327) is significant at a significance level of (0.000). This indicates that there is a significant difference between the two groups in favor of the group that walks 14 minutes per day. The value of the difference in the arithmetic means (calculated t) between the two groups for the triglyceride variable (4.576) was found to be significant at a significance level of (0.000), which indicates that there is a significant difference between the two groups in favor of the group that walks 14 minutes a day. As for the variable of high-density lipoprotein (good fats HDL), the value of the difference in the arithmetic means (calculated t) between the two groups was (2.765), which was found to be significant at a significance level of (0.044), which indicates that there is a significant difference between the two groups in favor of the group that walks 14 minutes a day. The human body cannot form it despite its benefits to human health. It is obtained from food and is found in fish and cod liver oil. Unlike its counterpart, low-density lipoprotein, the function of high-density cholesterol is to transport other lipids in the blood plasma, such as low-density lipoprotein and triglyceride to the liver to analyze them and get rid of them and avoid their harmful effects from the blood vessels. Therefore, high-density lipoprotein is called good cholesterol.

As for the variable of low-density lipoprotein (bad fats LDL), the value of the difference in the arithmetic means (calculated t) between the two groups reached (2.869) and was found to be significant at a significance level of (0.041). This indicates the existence of a significant difference between the two groups in favor of the group that walks 14 minutes per day, meaning that the body can produce light cholesterol (low-density lipoprotein) to benefit from it. However, its increase in the blood (at a rate higher than 3.3 mmol per liter) causes it to deposit on the walls of the blood vessels, gradually narrowing them, which causes severe damage to the body. A large amount of it comes with human food. It is found in egg yolks, shrimp, fatty cheese and fatty meats. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the intake of these foods to avoid high levels of bad cholesterol in the blood. As for finding the risk ratio (the result of dividing CHO/HDL), this ratio exceeded (6), which is an indicator of an increased likelihood of heart disease. As for the very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) variable, the value of the difference in the arithmetic means (calculated t) between the two groups reached (0.628) and was found to be insignificant at a significance level of (0.05). That is, it carries cholesterol from the liver to the rest of the body's cells and is called "bad cholesterol" because if its percentage exceeds a certain limit, it can cause atherosclerosis. Sports are of great importance for all ages and have become a necessity of life. They also have importance for health and physical fitness. The proverb says do not live with modest health capabilities, as you need more than the minimum ability to exert effort to accomplish your work.

5 - 1 Conclusions:

1. Practicing walking helps reduce the risk of heart disease.

2. Walking for 14 continuous minutes at a speed of 5 km/hour is better and gives the individual health when compared to walking for only seven minutes at the same speed.

The higher the percentage of good fats and the lower the percentage of bad fats, the lower the risk of heart disease.

3. The individual must have low levels of triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein to reduce the risk of heart disease.

1. The need to pay attention to foods containing good fats because of their great role in reducing the risk of heart disease.
2. The need for the individual to pay attention to practicing sports such as walking for a period of no less than 10 minutes daily at a speed of 5 km/hour because of its great role in the health of the individual and the safety of his devices.
3. Conduct comparative studies between those who walk regularly and irregularly

1. Issam Hassanat: Sports Health Science. 1st ed. Amman, Osama Publishing House. 2008.
2. Kumar P, et al., eds. Lipid and metabolic disorders. In: Kumar and Clark's Clinical Medicine. 9th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Elsevier; 2017.