The increasing number of farmer groups has not been followed by an increase in quality so that there are still many farmer groups that have not been able to be independent or are still determined from above in various matters such as in determining the type of commodity to be cultivated, determining the market, determining business partners, determining commodity prices and so on. As a result, the quality of the farmer groups formed cannot act as an asset of the participatory village community so that its development has not significantly increased the capacity of the community itself to become independent  in  an  effort  to  improve  the  welfare  of farmers [1].

Several results of empirical studies show that the role of a farmer group will support the group and members of the farmer group in running their respective farms which affect the income conditions of the members of the farmer group [2]. With the existence of farmer groups, it can facilitate and help members of farmer groups to carry out their farming activities. This convenience is the distribution of assistance from the government through farmer groups to economic farmers, so as to reduce the gaps and losses experienced by farmers. Institutions contained in production farming are referred to as groups.

Farmers and farmer households are considered as the smallest unit.

Existing resources in rural areas need to be directed or prioritized in order to increase professionalism and bargaining position of farmers (farmer groups). Currently, there are not many portraits of farmers and farmer institutions in Indonesia that implement the activities of the organic vegetable agribusiness system, as well as strategies for what is expected [3]. While the institution as an institution in question is the rules of the game which can be in the form of traditions or customs, formal regulations, various forms of markets and so on.

Brenjonk Organic Village is a village in the village of the Mojokerto Regency Trawas Management, where the majority    of   local   residents   use   their   yards    to    grow vegetables, uses the Organic Vegetable House (RSO) planting technology. There are 205 people who join the Brenjonk Farmer Group spread over 18 villages in the Trawas-Pacet District, Mojokerto, Brenjonk as a farmer group which is a training forum for residents who want to develop farming.

With an organic system and helping to do organic vegetable business will be more efficient, because with the existence of a more structured agribusiness system, starting from the input subsystem to the marketing output subsystem as well as provider of various information related to agriculture needed by farmers. There are problems in the organization of organic vegetable farmer groups.

Brenjonk in Penanggungan Village, there are members of farmer groups who do not regularly do farming due to crop failure caused by pests that attack these plants and greenhouse maintenance as one of the production inputs used in farming activities is damaged causing farmers to be lazy to plant vegetables or in the sense of decreasing the consistency of farmers to still be able to do organic vegetable business, this results in farmers' productivity being not optimal so that the amount of organic vegetables produced can be said to be low.

The success of community institutions can be seen from the model of community institutions in increasing farmer productivity in organic vegetable farming, so that in this case the number of organic vegetables produced is increasing. In carrying out farming activities, namely activities in producing organic vegetables, the community is expected to be able to overcome or minimize related problems and maximize organic farming.

Brenjonk Organic Village, located in Penanggungan Village, Trawas District, Mojokerto Regency, has implemented organic farming in vegetable cultivation. This community has an awareness of environmental and natural sustainability as a condition of sustainability to encourage the community to improve the economy and the environment. The Brenjonk Organic Village Farmer Community has been developed since 2007 by utilizing community yards that are not being used optimally. Consumption of organic food that continues to increase is an opportunity to develop organic vegetables such as the Brenjonk Organic Village Farmer Community. The potential for the sustainability of organic vegetables is quite high.

This study aims to analyze the costs and income of implementing the community's role in the organic vegetable farming model and to analyze the factors that determine community performance in the organic vegetable farming model in the organic community of Brenjonk Trawas, Mojokerto Regency.

The research location was chosen purposively with a method of determining the location of the research which was determined intentionally by considering the area in which there are organic farmers, where one area in Mojokerto Regency has the potential with high production levels and has organic groups/communities. According to Sugiyono [4] the sample is part of the number and characteristics possessed by the population. The theory from Arikunto [5] is that if the research population is less than 100 then the samples taken are all but if the research population exceeds 100 then the sample can be taken between 10-15% or 20-25%, so it can be seen that 15% of the total 205 farmers who joined the Brenjonk farmer group or a total population of 205. The number of samples used were 31 respondents or farmer households living around the area of Penanggungan Village, Trawas Mojokerto.

While the determination of informants was carried out purposively or intentionally, in this study the informants included the Head of the Brenjonk Community or the Manager of Brenjonk, the core management of the community in Brenjonk Village, namely the Brenjonk community advisor; the civil society empowerment division of the Brenjonk community; the entrepreneurship education division of the brenjonk community, the extension team or sub-district PPL, as well as representatives from the village officials, namely the village head, who are considered capable of providing complete information related to the field being researched, so that the data obtained can be acknowledged as true.

To analyze the costs and income of implementing the community's role in the organic vegetable farming model in the Brenjonk Trawas community, Mojokerto Regency. Changes in the income level of organic farmers before joining the Brenjonk Organic Community and the income level after joining the Brenjonk Organic Community is calculated using income analysis. Where the level of farm income according to Soekartawi [6] is calculated using the following Equation:

Pd = TR - TC

Pd = Py.Y

Information:

Pd           : Farming income

TR           : Total Revenue (Total Demand)

TC           : Total Cost (Total Cost)

Y             : Production obtained in business units

Py           : Price y

From this formula, two conclusions can be drawn, namely:

• If the value of TR>TC, then the farmer will benefit from farming

• If the value of TR<TC, then the farmer gets a loss in farming

To analyze the factors that determine community performance in the organic vegetable farming model in the Brenjonk Trawas community, Mojokerto Regency, the researchers used a Structural Equation Model (SEM) approach based on Partial Least Square (PLS). PLS is a component    or    variant-based    structural    equation model (SEM). Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) can be described as an analysis that combines the approach of factor analysis (factor analysis), structural model (structural model) and path analysis (path analysis) (Table 1).

The stages of SEM-PLS analysis with WarpPLS software are as shown in Figure 1.

Table 1: Research Variables and Indicators

Figure 1: Stages of SEM-PLS Analisis Analysis

Costs and Revenues for the Implementation of the Role of the Brenjonk Trawas Community, Mojokerto Regency

The income of organic vegetable farming is obtained from the difference between the income and the cost of farming. Farming revenue is obtained from the sale of organic vegetable crops. Revenue is influenced by the amount of production produced and the selling price of the product. The higher the production yield and selling price, the higher the income obtained by farmers. While farming costs are the overall costs used for organic vegetable farming, namely variable costs and fixed costs.

After collecting information and analyzing data through questionnaires given to 31 farmers who are members of the brenjonk community, it is known that organic vegetable farming carried out by farmers in Penanggungan Village has different income before and after joining the brenjonk community. Differences in farm income can be seen from the amount of revenue and costs of farming. The following is the average income of organic vegetable farming before and after farmers join the brenjonk community (Table 2).

Table 2: Differences in Acceptance of Organic Vegetable Farming Before and After Farmers Join the Brenjonk Komunitas Community

Source: Data Retrieved (2022)

There are differences in the acceptance of organic vegetable farmers before and after joining the brenjonk community. The high average total income of farmers after joining the brenjonk community is because the production and selling prices of vegetables are higher than before the farmers joined the brenjonk community. The amount of farmers' income after participating in the community is Rp. 2,813,177, while the farmer's acceptance before joining the community was Rp. 866,774. Based on this value, it is known that there is a fairly large difference, namely Rp. 1,946,403. The main cause of the difference in income is that some farmers before joining the brenjonk community left their yards without planting anything. So that some farmers previously did not get revenue from organic vegetable farming activities. In addition, there are also several farmers who cultivate organic vegetables of optimal size before joining the brenjok community.

Farming   income   is   influenced   by   revenue   and total   costs   incurred   during   farming   activities   take place.  The  total  cost  of  farming  consists  of  variable costs and fixed costs. Farming costs incurred by each farmer  vary  according  to  the  type  of  plant  cultivated and  the  care  needs  of  each  plant.  There  are  differences in farming costs incurred by farmers in Penanggungan Village before and after joining the brenjonk community. The following is  data  from  the  analysis  of  the  total costs of farmers before and after joining the brenjonk community (Table 3).

Table 3: Organic Vegetable Farming Costs Before and After Farmers Join the Brenjonk Komunitas Community

Source: Data Retrieved (2022)

There is a difference in the total cost of organic vegetable farming carried out by farmers before and after joining the brenjonk community. The average farming cost incurred by farmers before joining the brenjonk community is Rp. 504,944, while the cost after joining the community is Rp. 779,968. This means that farming costs incurred are higher after joining the brenjok community. The high cost is because there are 22 farmers who before joining the brenjonk community did not do organic vegetable farming. In addition, there are some farmers who incur more costs because they grow vegetables with more quantities than before.

Based on the revenue and cost data of organic vegetable farming in Penanggungan Village, farming analysis can be carried out to calculate farmers' income before and after joining the brenjonk community. Farming production and net income can be used as indicators to measure farmers' welfare [7]. The following is data on the difference in income of farmers in Penanggungan Village before   and   after   joining   the   brenjonk   community (Table 4). 

Table 4: Differences in Chili Farming Income Before and After Receiving Pump Assistance

Source: Data Retrieved (2022)

There is a significant difference in income before and after farmers join the brenjonk community. The amount of farm income is obtained from the difference between revenue and total production costs. The average income of farmers after joining the brenjonk community is higher, which is Rp. 2,033,210 compared to before joining the brenjonk community, which was Rp. 361,831. The difference in income before and after joining the community is Rp. 1,671,379. This shows that the brenjonk community provides benefits for farmers, because it can increase the income and income of organic vegetable farms that are cultivated.

The brenjonk community is a forum for developing organic vegetable farming which has been proven to be able to increase farmers' income. Through increasing farmers' income, the welfare of farmers in Penanggungan Village also increases. One of the indicators of farmer welfare is the development of farmers' real income. In increasing the real income of farmers, it is strongly influenced by the production facilities used by farmers in their agricultural activities [9].

Analysis of Factors that Determine Community Performance in Organic Vegetable Farming Models in the Brenjonk Trawas Community, Mojokerto Regency

The path diagram shows the relationship between community competency variables, community external factors and community performance (Figure 2). The community competency variable consists of 8 indicators, each of which has 1 question item. The community external factor variable consists of 5 indicators, each of which also has 1 question item. Meanwhile, the community performance variable only has 1 indicator with 1 question item.

Figure 2: SEM-PLS. Path Diagram

The community competency variable has been able to explain all of the indicators with a Loading factor value of >0.7. However, there is 1 indicator of the community competency variable which has a Loading factor value of 0.671, namely the planting indicator (X1.3), this value is still considered capable of explaining the indicator. The overall value of the loading factor of the external factor variable is >0.7, meaning that the external factor variable is able to explain the entire indicator. The loading factor value of the community performance variable also has a value >0.7, so that the variable is able to explain the indicators.

Validity Test

Our validity test was carried out to determine whether or not the loading factor value generated by the study was valid. The following is a table that displays the results of the validity test of this research which was analyzed using the Smart PLS software (Table 5).

Table 5: Loading Factor. Value

Source: Processed data (2022)

Loading factor values of all indicators are greater than 0.6 and 0.7. This value means that all of the question indicators in this study are valid and can be used for further analysis. In the community competency variable, the indicator item that has the largest loading factor value is maintenance and fertilization (X1.4) of 0.879. The indicator item from the external factor variable that has the largest loading factor value is credit access (X2.5) of 0.962. While the highest Loading factor value is the productivity indicator item on the community performance variable of 1,000.

The analysis to determine the AVE value was carried out with the help of Smart PLS software. The following is a table of Average Variance Extracted (AVE) values that have been analyzed using Smart PLS software in this study.

Based on the Table 6, it can be seen that all variables have an Average Variance Extracted (AVE) value greater than 0.5, which means that all variables used in this study are valid. So the convergent validity of all variables in this study has been met.

Table 6: Value of Average Variance Extracted

Source: Processed data (2022)

Reliability Test

Reliability test is conducted to see whether or not the indicator of a variable is feasible. The reliability of the indicator can be seen from the composite reliability and Cronbach's alpha values above 0.7. If the value of composite reliability and Cronbach's alpha is more than 0.7, it indicates that the construct in the model can be said to be reliable (accurate, consistent and reliable) [10]. The following are the results of the reliability test of this research which were analyzed using the help of Smart PLS software.

The Table 7 shows that all composite reliability and Cronbach's alpha values are more than 0.7, so they are said to be reliable. This value proves the accuracy, consistency and accuracy of the instrument in measuring variables. So it can be concluded that these indicators can be trusted and relied on in measuring latent variables and can be used as a consistent measuring tool.

Table 7: Composite Reliability and Cronbach's Alpha Values

Source: Processed data (2022)

R-Square

R-Square values of 0.75 , 0.5  and 0.25 respectively can be categorized that the model is strong, moderate and weak. The higher the  R-square  value,  the  better  the  prediction model of the proposed research model. The following is a table of the results of the R-Square analysis of this study using the Smart PLS software (Table 8).

Table 8: R-Square. Value

Source: Processed data (2022)

The R-Square value of the community performance variable is 0.460. This means that the community performance variable is influenced by the community competence variable and the community external factor variable is 46%. The remaining 54% is influenced by other variables outside of this study. The R-Square value means that the model used in this study has a moderate relationship.

Path Coefficients

Based on the SEM model that has been created and analyzed using Smart PLS, it can be seen the effect of each variable. Hypothesis testing of these variables can be seen from the structural path coefficients (path coefficients) which show the parameters of the relationship between latent variables and indicators along with their significance values. The magnitude of the influence of each variable and the direction of the variable relationship is indicated by the value of the original sample. If the original sample value is positive, then the variables have a positive relationship. The rule of thumb used in this study is t-statistic >1.96 with p-value <0.05 is significant, if p-value >0.05 then not significant. The following is a table of path coefficients values that have been analyzed using smart PLS software.

• Hypothesis 1: There is an influence of community external factors on community performance

The Table 9 shows that the value of the Original sample is positive, which is 0.483. This value means that between the variables of community external factors and community performance there is a positive relationship. The T-Statistics value obtained shows that it is greater than 1.96, which is 2.212. While the P Value shows less than 0.05, which is 0.027. This means that the external community factor variables and community performance variables have a significant relationship. So it can be concluded that hypothesis 1 is accepted.

• Hypothesis 2: There is an effect of community competence on community performance

The Table 9 shows that the value of the Original sample is positive, which is 0.221. This value means that between the variables of community external factors and community performance there is a positive relationship. The T-Statistics value obtained shows less than 1.96, namely 1.146. While the P Value shows more than 0.05, which is 0.252. This means that the external community factor variables and community performance variables have an insignificant relationship. So it can be concluded that hypothesis 2 is not accepted or rejected. Hypothesis 2 is rejected because each member of the brenjonk community has limited skills and knowledge, so the role of external factors is needed to improve the skills and knowledge of farmers in advancing the brenjonk community. External factors are needed such as extension activities that can improve the performance of the brenjonk community.

Table 9: Value of Path Coefficients

Source: Processed data (2022)

Based on the research on Organic Vegetable Farming Models in the Brenjonk Community in Trawas Mojokerto, it can be concluded that the farming costs incurred by farmers before joining the Brenjonk community are smaller than after participating in the community. The income and income of farmers after joining the brenjonk community is higher than before joining the community. Community external factors have a positive and significant effect on the performance of the brenjonk community. The community competence factor has a positive but not significant effect on the performance of the brenjonk community.

1. Hermanto, Dewa K. and Swastika. Penguatan Kelompok Tani: Langkah Awal Peningkatan Kesejahteraan Petani. Pusat Sosial Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Pertanian, 2011.

2. Prasetia, R. and Tubagus, H. "Peranan Kelompok Tani dalam Peningkatan Pendapatan Petani Kopi di Kelurahan Tugusari Kecamatan Sumberjaya Kabupaten Lampung Barat." Journal JIIS, vol. 3, no. 3, 2015.

3. Aritonang. Penguatan Kapasitas Kelembagaan, 2013.

4. Sugiyono. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D. PT Alfabet, 2016.

5. Arikunto, S. Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktik. Rineka Cipta, 2010.

6. Soekartawi. Agribisnis Teori dan Aplikasi. PT Raja Grafindo Persada, 2006.

7. Amanullah, Lakhan G.R. et al. "Credit Constraints and Rural Farmers' Welfare in an Agrarian Economy." Heliyon, vol. 6, no. 10, 2020, e05252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon. 2020.e05252.

8. Ardika, I.W. and Budhiasa, G.S. "Analisis Tingkat Kesejahteraan Petani di Desa Bangli Kecamatan Baturiti Kabupaten Tabanan." Jurnal Piramida, vol. XIII, no. 2, 2017, pp. 87-96.

9. Yasyak, V.W. et al. "Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Niat Mengadopsi Usahatani Sayuran Organik di Kecamatan Getasan Semarang." Jurnal Kawistara, vol. 10, no. 1, 2020, p. 50. https://doi.org/10.22146/kawistara.44983.