Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels, posing severe health risks if not managed effectively. The global increase in diabetes prevalence has made it a major public health concern, particularly in India. This study aims to assess the level of awareness and knowledge about diabetes among the general public in District Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, to inform and guide public health policies and educational programs. Material and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted in District Shimla between January 2024 and May 2024. The study population included all adults aged 18 and above who had been residents of the district for at least 12 months. A sample size of 400 adults was determined using a 95% confidence level and a 5% margin of error. Data was collected using a pre-tested Google form questionnaire covering socio-demographic information and 20 structured knowledge-related questions regarding diabetes. The data was analyzed using Epi Info V7 software, and appropriate statistical tests were applied. Results: The socio-demographic analysis showed that 30.5% of participants were aged 18-30 years, with 24.5% aged 31-40 years, 22.8% aged 41-50 years, and 22.3% over 50 years old. The gender distribution was 45% male and 55% female. Among participants, 55.8% were married, 39.3% single, and 5% in other categories. Predominantly, participants were Hindu (85.3%). Employment status revealed 44.5% employed, 26% unemployed, and 29.5% students. Educational attainment varied, with 19.8% below high school, 30.3% high school graduates, 35% graduates, and 15% postgraduates. Knowledge regarding diabetes was generally high, with 79.8% aware of diabetes symptoms, 72.8% knowledgeable about risk factors, and 77% understanding blood glucose monitoring. However, only 55.3% were aware of the mental health impact of diabetes, and 57.8% knew about diabetic neuropathy. Overall, 25.3% of participants scored "Very Good" on knowledge, 37.8% "Good", 24.5% "Fair", and 12.5% "Poor". Conclusion: The study highlights a significant level of awareness about diabetes among Shimla's residents but identifies critical knowledge gaps, particularly regarding the mental health impacts and specific medical treatments of diabetes. Addressing these gaps through targeted public health initiatives and educational programs, especially for those with lower educational backgrounds and the unemployed, is essential for improving diabetes management and outcomes in the region.