Physical activity and yoga are integral components of a healthy lifestyle, promoting physical, mental, and emotional well-being. These practices have been recognized globally for their numerous benefits, including improved cardiovascular health, reduced stress, enhanced flexibility, and increased overall quality of life. In the context of District Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh, the importance of physical activity and yoga cannot be overstated, given the unique blend of natural beauty and cultural heritage that defines this region. Yet, the extent to which the general population in District Bilaspur is aware of and knowledgeable about these practices remains an open question [1-4].

The pursuit of health and well-being has been an enduring concern throughout human history. As societies evolve, so too do the means by which individuals seek to enhance their physical and mental health. In recent decades, the significance of physical activity and yoga has gained increasing recognition worldwide. This is evident in the surge of yoga studios, fitness centers, and wellness programs, as well as the proliferation of scientific research highlighting the advantages of regular physical activity and yoga practice. However, despite this growing global awareness, regional disparities in knowledge and access to these practices persist [5-8].

District Bilaspur, located in the picturesque state of Himachal Pradesh, is known for its scenic beauty and vibrant culture. It is home to a diverse population, ranging from urban residents in Bilaspur town to rural communities nestled in the lush green hills. The lifestyles, daily routines, and access to healthcare facilities vary widely across the district. Therefore, it becomes crucial to understand the levels of awareness and knowledge about physical activity and yoga among the general population in this unique and heterogeneous setting.

This study aims to bridge the gap in our understanding by assessing the awareness and knowledge levels of physical activity and yoga among the residents of District Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh. Through a comprehensive survey and data analysis, we seek to gauge the current awareness of the benefits of physical  Activity and yoga, explore the extent to which these practices are integrated into daily routines, and identify any barriers or challenges that may impede their adoption.

Furthermore, this study serve as a valuable resource for healthcare professionals, policymakers, and community leaders in developing targeted interventions and educational programs that promote a healthier and more active lifestyle in District Bilaspur. By shedding light on the existing knowledge gaps and perceptions surrounding physical activity and yoga, we aspire to contribute to the overall well-being and health promotion efforts within this community.

Objectives of the Study

The objective of this study is to gauge the levels of awareness and knowledge about Physical Activity and Yoga among the general population of  District Bilaspur Himachal Pradesh.

• Research Approach: Descriptive

• Research Design: Cross-sectional survey design

• Study Area:  District Bilaspur , Himachal Pradesh

• Study Duration- between April 2023 to June 2023

• Study Population: The study's target population encompassed all adults aged 18 and above who had been residents of District Bilaspur for a minimum of 12 months

• Sample Size: A robust sample size of 400 adults was determined using a 95% confidence level, an estimated knowledge level of 50% regarding Physical Activity and Yoga, a precise 5% absolute error margin, and a conservative 5% non-response rate

• Study Tool: A google form questionnaire consisting of questions regarding socio-demography and knowledge regarding Physical Activity and Yoga was created. The questionnaire was initially pre-tested on a small number of participants to identify any difficulty in understanding by the respondents

Description of Tool

• Demographic data survey instrument: The demographic form elicited information on participants’ background: age, marital status, religion, employment, education and many more

• Questionnaire: The questionnaire contains 20 structured knowledge related questions regarding Physical Activity and Yoga. One mark was given for each correct answer and zero for incorrect answer. The maximum score was 20 and minimum score was zero. Scoring was done on the basis of marks as >80%(16-20) = very good,60-79%(12-15) = Good,41-59% ( 8-11) = Fair,<40% (< 8) = poor

• Validity of Tool: By the experts in this field

• Data collection- Data was collected under the guidance of supervisors. The google form questionnaire was circulated among the residents of District Bilaspur , Himachal Pradesh for responses using online modes like e-mail and social media platforms like Whatsapp groups, Facebook, Instagram and Linkedin till the 400 responses were collected

• Data analysis: Data was collected and entered in Microsoft excel spread sheet, cleaned for errors and analyzed with Epi Info V7 Software with appropriate statistical test in terms of frequencies and percentage. 

• Ethical Considerations: Participants confidentiality and anonymity was maintained

The primary objective of this study was to gauge the understanding of Physical Activity and Yoga among the general population of  District   Bilaspur.  A   total   of   400  participants took part in the study, with 255 (63.75%) residing in urban areas and 145 (36.25%) in rural areas (Table 1).

Table 1: Knowledge Regarding Physical Activity and Yoga among Study Participants

In the present study 31.75% (127)  participants had very good knowledge (16-20 marks) towards Physical Activity and Yoga, 37.75% (151) had good knowledge (12-15 marks), 17% (68) had fair knowledge  (8-11 marks) and 13.5% (54) having poor knowledge  (<8 marks) (Table 2).

Table 2: Knowledge Scores towards Physical Activity and Yoga among Study Participants

The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the awareness and knowledge levels of physical activity and yoga among the residents of District Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh. The results indicate a diverse range of knowledge and perceptions regarding these practices within the population.

It is noteworthy that a significant proportion of the study participants demonstrated a good understanding of physical activity and yoga. More than three-fourths of the respondents correctly explained the importance of physical activity for overall health (78%) and were able to name some health benefits associated with regular physical activity (67.5%). Moreover, a substantial number of participants were aware of the potential mental health benefits of practicing yoga, such as stress reduction and improved focus (57.5%). This level of awareness reflects a positive trend towards recognizing the holistic benefits of these practices on both physical and mental well-being [9-12].

However, certain knowledge gaps were identified. Only 46.25% of respondents had heard about the recommended amount of physical activity for adults per week, indicating a need for increased awareness of specific guidelines. Additionally, while many participants were aware of the existence of various types of physical activities (56.5%), a significant portion was not familiar with the different styles of yoga (44.5%). This suggests opportunity for educational programs to delve deeper into the diversity of yoga practices [13-15].

The study found that slightly more than half of the respondents personally engaged in regular physical activity (53.5%), such as walking, jogging, or sports. Similarly, 35.5% had attended yoga classes or participated in yoga sessions. These figures reflect a relatively active population in District Bilaspur, but also highlight the potential for further engagement, particularly in yoga.

Interestingly, more than half of the participants (58.25%) identified specific barriers or challenges they face when trying to engage in physical activity or yoga. This underscores the importance of understanding and addressing local impediments to participation, which may include access to facilities, time constraints, or cultural factors [14-15].

A substantial number of respondents (80.25%) believed that schools and educational institutions should include physical activity and yoga in their curriculum. This suggests a recognition of the educational value of these practices in promoting a healthier lifestyle from a young age. When asked for suggestions to increase awareness and encourage more people to adopt regular physical activity and yoga practices in Himachal Pradesh, 69.75% of participants provided input. These recommendations included organizing community workshops and events, promoting the benefits of physical activity and yoga through local media, and involving community leaders and influencers in advocacy efforts. These suggestions align with strategies employed in other regions to enhance awareness and participation in physical activity and yoga [12-16].

Comparing the knowledge levels and perceptions found in this study to other research is valuable in understanding the regional context. For instance, a study conducted in a neighboring state might reveal similarities or differences in knowledge and practices among populations in similar geographic and cultural settings. Furthermore, cross-referencing with national or international studies can provide a broader perspective on the effectiveness of health promotion efforts.

In conclusion, this study sheds light on the awareness and knowledge levels of physical activity and yoga among the general population of District Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh. The findings suggest a reasonably positive awareness, with opportunities for improvement in specific areas. Understanding the local barriers and recommendations for increasing awareness will assist healthcare professionals, policymakers, and community leaders in developing targeted interventions and educational programs to promote a healthier and more active lifestyle in this region.

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