Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) continue to be a leading global health concern, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality rates. Within the realm of critical cardiac care, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) stands as a fundamental life-saving skill. CPR represents a set of time-sensitive interventions designed to maintain blood circulation and oxygenation during cardiac arrest or situations of severe respiratory distress. In the serene landscapes of District Shimla, ensconced amidst the breathtaking Himalayan terrain, healthcare providers are entrusted with the well-being of the local population. The ability of medical officers in Shimla to proficiently administer CPR can be the decisive factor between life and death, especially given the unique geographical challenges that may hinder rapid access to advanced medical facilities [1-5].

Cardiovascular diseases spare no region and Himachal Pradesh, with its picturesque vistas and rugged topography, is no exception to the global burden of CVDs. It is imperative that medical officers in this region possess a strong grasp of CPR, as it is a cornerstone of emergency medical care. Their proficiency in CPR is not just essential for providing quality healthcare but also aligns with international guidelines and recommendations for enhancing survival rates in cardiac emergencies [6-9].

This study seeks to comprehensively evaluate the knowledge of CPR among medical officers serving in District Shimla, Himachal Pradesh. By assessing their understanding and proficiency in CPR techniques, the research aims to pinpoint areas where additional training and awareness initiatives may be required. The insights derived from this study can serve as a valuable resource for healthcare authorities and institutions, enabling them to design targeted training programs and interventions. Ultimately, the study endeavors to improve patient outcomes, enhance the quality of cardiac care and contribute to the overall health and well-being of the residents of District Shimla.

Objectives of the Study

To evaluate the Knowledge of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) among medical officers working in District Shimla, Himachal Pradesh.

• Research Approach: Descriptive

• Research Design: Cross-sectional survey design

• Study Area: District Shimla, Himachal Pradesh

• Study Duration: Between April 2023 to July 2023

• Study Population: All medical officers working in District Shimla, Himachal Pradesh for 12 months or more

• Sample Size: 100 medical officers assuming 50% have adequate knowledge regarding Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR), 10% absolute error, 95% confidence level and 5% non-response rate

• Sampling Technique: Convenience & snowball Sampling technique

• Study Tool: A google form questionnaire consisting of questions regarding socio-demography and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) was created. The questionnaire was initially pre-tested on a small number of medical officers to identify any difficulty in understanding by the respondents

Description of Tool

• Demographic Data Survey Instrument: The demographic form elicited information on participants’ background: age, gender etc

• Questionnaire: The questionnaire contains 10 structured questions regarding knowledge about Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) having multiple options. The participants have to choose right one. One mark was given for each correct answer and zero for incorrect answer. The maximum score was 10 and minimum score was zero in each category. Scoring was done on the basis of marks as >80% (9-10) = very good, 60-79% (7-8) = Good,41-59% (4-6) = Fair, <40% (<4) = poor

• Validity of Tool: By the experts in this field

• Inclusive Criteria: who were willing to participate in the study

• Exclusion Criteria: Who were not willing to participate in the study

• Data collection: Data was collected under the guidance of supervisors. The google form questionnaire was circulated via online modes like e-mail and social media platforms like Whatsapp groups, Facebook, Instagram and Linkedin among medical officers working in the state of Himachal Pradesh till the 100 responses were collected. Responses were then recorded in a Google Excel spreadsheet

• Data Analysis: Data was collected and entered in Microsoft excel spread sheet, cleaned for errors and analyzed with Epi Info V7 Software with appropriate statistical test in terms of frequencies and percentage. 

• Ethical Considerations: Participants confidentiality and anonymity was maintained

The present study was cross sectional descriptive study carried out to evaluate knowledge of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) among 100 medical officers working in District Shimla, Himachal Pradesh (Table 1).

Table 1: Responses to the Questions Regarding Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

In the present study, 22 study participants had very good knowledge (9-10 marks) regarding Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR), 25 had good knowledge (7-8 marks), 32 had fair knowledge (4-6 marks) and 21 had poor knowledge (<4 marks) (Table 2).

Table 2: Knowledge Regarding Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Among Study Participants

The objective of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) among medical officers in District Shimla, Himachal Pradesh. The study results provide valuable insights into the current state of CPR proficiency among these healthcare professionals.

The study findings revealed varying levels of knowledge among the participating medical officers regarding different aspects of CPR. An overwhelming majority (92) correctly identified the primary goal of CPR in a cardiac arrest situation. Understanding the core objective of CPR is essential as it forms the foundation for effective resuscitation efforts. About 70 of respondents could describe the basic components of the "Chain of Survival" in CPR. Recognizing these components is crucial as they outline the critical steps required to maximize survival rates in cardiac arrest situations. Approximately 55 of participants correctly detailed the key initial steps when approaching a patient in cardiac arrest. These steps are fundamental in initiating timely and effective resuscitation. A modest percentage 31 understood the importance of early defibrillation in CPR. Timely defibrillation significantly improves the chances of survival in cases of ventricular fibrillation [2-6].

Approximately 57 of medical officers knew the recommended compression rate for high-quality CPR in adults. Maintaining the correct compression rate is essential for circulation during cardiac arrest. A similar percentage 57 correctly stated how deep chest compressions should be performed during adult CPR. Adequate compression depth ensures effective cardiac compression. Around 55 of respondents were aware of the recommended compression-ventilation ratio for one-person adult CPR. Understanding this ratio is essential for providing effective chest compressions and rescue breaths. Approximately 50 knew when to use an automated external defibrillator (AED) during CPR. AEDs are crucial in treating shockable rhythms and need to be deployed promptly. A significant percentage (44) could describe the steps for operating an AED and delivering a shock to a victim. Proper AED usage is vital for successful defibrillation. About 55 recognized the role of rescue breaths in CPR and when they should be performed. Rescue breaths help maintain oxygenation [5-9].

These findings are consistent with similar studies conducted in various regions, which have consistently shown variability in CPR knowledge among healthcare providers. This underscores the need for ongoing CPR training and education to ensure consistent and up-to-date proficiency.

Practical Implications

The study emphasizes the importance of continuous CPR training and education for medical officers in District Shimla. While a significant proportion demonstrated good knowledge in various CPR components, there are areas where proficiency could be enhanced.

In conclusion, this study assessed the knowledge of CPR among medical officers in District Shimla, Himachal Pradesh. While a substantial number demonstrated good knowledge in several aspects of CPR, there are areas where further training and education are warranted. These findings underscore the need for regular CPR training programs to enhance the proficiency of medical officers in managing cardiac emergencies effectively.

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