Background: Antibiotic resistance (ABR) is an escalating global public health threat that undermines the efficacy of antibiotics, leading to prolonged illnesses, higher medical costs and increased mortality rates. The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified ABR as one of the biggest threats to global health, food security and development. In India, the situation is particularly concerning due to the high consumption and misuse of antibiotics. This study aims to assess the awareness and knowledge about antibiotic resistance among the general public in District Kangra, Himachal Pradesh. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted between January 2024 and March 2024 among 400 adults aged 18 and above who had been residents of District Kangra for at least 12 months. A Google form questionnaire, pre-tested for clarity, was used to collect data on socio-demographic variables and knowledge regarding antibiotic resistance. The questionnaire included 20 structured knowledge-related questions, with scoring based on correct answers. Data were analyzed using Epi Info V7 Software, with appropriate statistical tests applied to determine frequencies and percentages. Ethical considerations were maintained, ensuring participant confidentiality and anonymity. Results: The study population consisted of 400 participants, with a balanced gender distribution (53.0% males, 47.0% females) and a diverse age range. Knowledge about antibiotic resistance varied, with 19.8% demonstrating very good knowledge, 30.3% good knowledge, 24.8% fair knowledge and 25.3% poor knowledge. Significant associations were found between knowledge levels and socio-demographic variables such as age (p = 0.042), gender (p = 0.021), marital status (p = 0.029), religion (p = 0.005), employment status (p = 0.001) and education level (p = 0.049). Healthcare providers were the primary source of information (45.3%), followed by the internet and social media (25.3%). Practices related to antibiotic use revealed that 59.5% always completed the full course of antibiotics, while 21.8% purchased antibiotics without a prescription. Conclusion: The study highlights the moderate level of awareness and knowledge about antibiotic resistance among the general public in District Kangra, with significant variability across different socio-demographic groups. Targeted educational interventions, leveraging healthcare providers and digital platforms and stricter regulations on antibiotic use are essential to address these gaps and combat the growing threat of antibiotic resistance.

Background: Oral health plays a pivotal role in overall well-being and understanding the state of oral dental hygiene awareness and practices among the population is essential for effective healthcare planning. This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the awareness levels, oral health practices and barriers to good oral hygiene in Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 400 participants was conducted, employing stratified random sampling. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire, interviews and clinical assessments. Quantitative data were analyzed using statistical software and qualitative insights were thematically analyzed. Ethical considerations were duly addressed. Results: The study revealed a diversified demographic composition, with participants spanning various age groups, genders, education levels and income brackets. While participants exhibited commendable knowledge in some areas of oral health, such as identifying dental issues and proper brushing techniques, there were knowledge gaps concerning flossing and the effects of sugary foods. Positive oral hygiene practices were observed, including regular brushing and dental check-ups but daily flossing lagged. Key barriers to good oral hygiene included lack of awareness, cost of dental care, dental anxiety, time constraints and dietary habits. Conclusion: The findings underscore the need for targeted educational programs to enhance oral health awareness and address knowledge gaps. Promoting consistent flossing practices and regular dental check-ups is crucial. Collaborative efforts among healthcare authorities, local governments and dental professionals are required to mitigate barriers, making oral care more accessible and affordable. These interventions align with the broader goal of achieving optimal oral health for Shimla's residents.