The national defense industry is an integrated part of the strategic planning of the management of national resources for the benefit of national defense and security. The capability of the defense industry can contribute to the macro economy in providing employment and saving foreign exchange. Propellant Industry PT. Dahana (Persero) is an industry that produces or produces propellant which is processed by PT. Pindad (Persero) to produce munitions in order to support TNI operations. This research discussed about “How is the policy of developing the propellant industry of PT. Dahana (Persero) to support TNI operations”. This research used qualitative method. The results of the study indicate that the ability of the defense industry is currently constrained by the condition of human resources and technology that have not been able to support the effectiveness of the production of the defense industry. Furthermore, the government has carried out various optimizations of industrial capabilities by mastering technology obtained from internal and external sources. The propellant of PT. Dahana (Persero) has been used by the TNI and commercial industry.

This review article organized during the post graduate study of PhD in Aquaculture and fishery management. Background: Feed is one of the factors which play an important role in determining the development of aquaculture industry at a minimum operational cost and gain more profit. Feed costs account up to 60% of total production costs, and inappropriate feeding and feed management can be detrimental to the profits of farmers. Optimal feed management includes the use of well-balanced feeds covering the nutritional and energy requirements and cost efficient feeding regimes. In the formulation of feed it is necessary to determine exact optimum proportions of different feed ingredients which meets nutritional requirements, to be mixed to produce a nutritionally well-balanced feed at the least possible cost. However, the feed mixing problem becomes increasingly since many issues need to be considered simultaneously. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to assess essential nutrients and mathematical programming models for aquafeed formulation. Methods: Information about aquaculture, essential nutrients, mathematical models, etc collected from secondary sources like published researches, reviews, and books, then, organized following the standard scientific paper writing methods. Results and conclusion: Aquaculture nutrition is a vital area for maintaining the sustainability of aquaculture industry. Feed is the main factors play an important role in determining a successful development of an aquaculture industry. Modified culture systems primarily depend on the supply of well-balanced artificial feed containing protein, lipid, carbohydrate, fiber, digestible energy, vitamins and minerals are very essential in fish farming to realize genetic potential for survival, immunity, growth and reproduction. Fish feed formulation is important for achieving optimal fish production, consumer preference and net benefits to determine the types and quantities of ingredients to be mixed to produce a complete feed at possible low cost. Several models used to solve feed ration of formulation problems, such as Pearson’s Square method, multi-objective goal programming, nonlinear programming, two by two matrix methods, simultaneous equation method, trial and error method, quadratic programming, linear programming, optimization and evolutionary algorithm to formulate least cost diet. However, most of these methods found difficulties on feed mixing problems in finding optimal solutions b/c variability of ingredients price due to varying, fluctuating, and unstable nutrient components. Therefore, application of linear programming in determining the least-cost feed mixture which satisfies certain specific nutritive and nonnutritive requirements is the risk associated with nutritive content of each ingredient. However, stochastic programming is a better approach as compared to linear programming, especially in solving nutrients variability, minimizing cost and the variability of nutrients is accounted for in the formulation.

The cognition procedures distinguish the human civilisation from the natural backdrop, using knowledge to advancements by technology innovation and political deployment. The cognizance tracks instruction courses by meme fruition, for conceptualising and encoding. The advances, by manufacture or relational methods, profit from material sources or benefit from social arrangements. The tangible transforms entail waste and entropy: the ecology tells that our earth has bounds: exhaustion and pollution cannot continue, unless inner or upper causes provide aids by cosmic rationality or godly wisdom. The advancement shows technology revolutions and collective breakthroughs, which start new technical/political organisations. After bottom-up localism managing individuals and societies, the global village appears enjoying worldwide web and trade, with uniform shard responsibility to avoid depletion and contamination. The growth sustainability is open defy; the thrifty track includes robotic aids, maybe, without inner or upper cues; the alertness challenge looks at factual helps with conscious awareness, supplied by creative intelligence.

Foreword: Ice Age (ancient glaciation) is a phenomenon in the geological history of the Earth, during which there was a general relative cooling of the climate and the emergence of a significant expansion of continental ice sheets. Ice Age - a collection of ice ages. Ice ages alternate with relative warming - epochs of reduced glaciation (interglacials). The interglacial, which began 12 thousand years ago, the Holocene is part of the Quaternary period, which in turn enters the Cenozoic era that came 66 million years ago. The Theory of Vortex Gravity: The theory of vortex gravity, cosmology and cosmogony is based on the condition that gravity, all celestial bodies and elementary particles are created by ether vortices (torsions). The values of bodies (systems of bodies) and the corresponding vortices can differ by an infinite amount. The largest etheric vortex that a person can observe is a universal vortex, the smallest is atomic.