The Clear Vision Initiative, set against the breathtaking landscapes of Himachal Pradesh, endeavors to assess awareness and knowledge levels regarding common refractive errors among its diverse population. This study focuses on myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia, aiming to illuminate the current ocular health landscape. Materials and Methods: Employing a descriptive cross-sectional survey design, the study spans the entire state of Himachal Pradesh from August to November 2023. The target population comprises adults aged 18 and above, residing in Himachal Pradesh for at least 12 months. A robust sample size of 400 participants underwent data collection through a Google Form questionnaire, encompassing socio-demographic details and knowledge on common refractive errors. Validity was ensured by expert review, and data were analyzed using Epi Info V7 software. Results: Among 400 participants, 62.75% resided in urban areas. The study revealed commendable awareness levels, with 29.25% having very good knowledge, 39% good knowledge, 18.25% fair knowledge, and 13.5% poor knowledge regarding common refractive errors. Participants displayed proficiency in recognizing symptoms, understanding non-invasive management, and acknowledging lifestyle factors influencing these conditions. Recognition of community resources and the importance of routine eye check-ups were notable, although gaps existed in identifying famous personalities with such eye conditions. Conclusion: The Clear Vision Initiative contributes to ocular health discourse by unveiling promising awareness levels among the Himachal Pradesh population. Recognizing lifestyle factors, understanding non-invasive management, and embracing routine eye check-ups indicate a foundation for targeted interventions. The study underscores the importance of community-driven initiatives and identifies areas for future educational campaigns to enhance overall awareness comprehensively.

Background: Cardiovascular emergencies, especially sudden cardiac arrests, pose a global health threat demanding swift and proficient responses. Frontline health care workers' expertise in Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) and Basic Cardiac Life Support (BCLS) is pivotal for positive outcomes. This study focuses on District Kinnaur, Himachal Pradesh, India, exploring the preparedness of its healthcare workforce in ACLS and BCLS, addressing a critical gap in regional literature. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey, conducted from August 2023 to November 2023, targeted health care workers in District Kinnaur with 100 participants. A Google form questionnaire assessed socio-demographics and ACLS/BCLS knowledge. The survey utilized a scoring system for responses, categorizing participants into poor, fair, good, and very good knowledge groups. Data analysis employed Epi Info V7 Software, emphasizing frequencies and percentages. Results: The study revealed commendable overall knowledge among participants, particularly in BCLS aspects. However, variability was observed, highlighting specific areas for improvement. Notably, gaps in knowledge were identified concerning AED use, medication roles in ACLS, and the significance of early defibrillation. Continuous retraining awareness was high, emphasizing the need for ongoing education. Specific areas for improvement in ACLS included synchronized cardioversion, therapeutic hypothermia, and management of stroke or acute coronary syndrome. Conclusion: While health care workers in District Kinnaur demonstrated commendable knowledge in ACLS and BCLS, targeted interventions are imperative to address identified gaps. Emphasizing AED use, medication roles, early defibrillation, and continuous retraining can enhance preparedness. Specific attention to ACLS components such as synchronized cardioversion and therapeutic hypothermia is warranted. The study contributes valuable insights for policy and practice, urging continuous education initiatives in this unique regional context.

Background: Stroke is a global public health concern, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. This study focuses on the unique context of District Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, characterized by distinct demographic and geographic challenges, necessitating a profound understanding of stroke awareness in mountainous regions. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted between August and November 2023 in District Shimla, Himachal Pradesh. The study encompassed 400 adults aged 18 and above, with a sample size determined for a 95% confidence level and a 5% non-response rate. A Google form questionnaire assessed socio-demography and knowledge of stroke risk factors and preventive measures. Data were analyzed using Epi Info V7 Software, emphasizing frequencies and percentages. Results: Of the 400 respondents, 33.25% exhibited very good knowledge, 39.25% good knowledge, 17.25% fair knowledge, and 10.25% poor knowledge regarding stroke. Participants demonstrated commendable awareness of risk factors, such as high blood pressure (68.25%) and lifestyle factors influencing stroke risk (59.75%). However, gaps in recognizing stroke symptoms (43%) and immediate response actions (30.25%) were identified. Conclusion: The study highlights commendable awareness levels among District Shimla residents, with specific knowledge gaps in recognizing stroke symptoms and immediate response actions. These findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions to enhance overall stroke awareness, contributing to public health planning in the Himalayan region.

Background: Lung cancer poses a significant global health challenge, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of awareness and knowledge levels for effective prevention and early detection. This study delves into the specific context of District Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, where regional variations may influence awareness patterns. Material & Methods: Employing a cross-sectional survey design, this study targeted 400 adults residing in District Kangra. A Google Form questionnaire covering socio-demography and 20 knowledge-related questions on lung cancer was administered. Scoring criteria categorized participants into very good, good, fair and poor knowledge levels. Data collection spanned from August to October 2023, utilizing online platforms for responses. Results: Analysis revealed a diverse participant distribution, with 33% from urban and 67% from rural areas. Noteworthy, 25.5% demonstrated very good knowledge, 36% good knowledge, while 38.25% exhibited fair to poor knowledge. Specific knowledge gaps were identified, particularly in the domains of lung cancer screenings, types and stages. These findings align with global trends and underscore the need for tailored interventions. Conclusion: The study provides critical insights into lung cancer awareness in District Kangra, emphasizing both strengths and areas for improvement. Recommendations include targeted health communication strategies and community-based education to bridge identified knowledge gaps. By addressing these issues, the study aims to enhance early detection, improve outcomes and alleviate the burden of lung cancer in this unique socio-cultural context.

Background: Menstrual health, a pivotal facet of women's well-being, is often shrouded in silence and cultural taboos. This study delves into the menstrual realities of women in District Chamba, Himachal Pradesh, unraveling the complex interplay of sociocultural factors influencing awareness, hygiene practices, and understanding of menstrual health. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in District Chamba between August 2023 and October 2023. The study population comprised women of reproductive age residing in the district for at least 12 months. A sample size of 400 participants was determined, and a Google Form questionnaire was utilized, consisting of socio-demographic inquiries and 20 structured questions evaluating knowledge on menstrual hygiene practices and common menstrual disorders. The tool's validity was ensured by expert reviews. Data collection occurred through online platforms, and statistical analysis was performed using Epi Info V7 Software. Results: Of the 400 participants, 40.75% were from urban and 59.25% from rural areas. Findings revealed varying levels of awareness, with 80.5% correctly identifying essential menstrual hygiene practices. Notably, 71.5% correctly recognized symptoms of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). Disparities were observed in understanding menstrual disorders, emphasizing the need for targeted educational interventions. The study highlighted 30.75% with very good knowledge, 40.5% with good knowledge, 23.5% with fair knowledge, and 5.25% with poor knowledge. Conclusion: The study underscores significant gaps in awareness and knowledge regarding menstrual health in District Chamba. Tailored public health interventions are imperative, emphasizing culturally sensitive education and community-based initiatives to foster a healthier and more informed community. The findings contribute to the broader discourse on women's health in rural India.

Background: Cervical cancer poses a significant global health challenge, particularly affecting women in developing regions. In India, it stands as the second most prevalent cancer among women, contributing substantially to the overall cancer burden. This study focuses on District Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, exploring the awareness and knowledge levels regarding cervical cancer and the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine among women of reproductive age. Material and Methods: Employing a descriptive cross-sectional survey design, the study spanned from August 2023 to October 2023. The target population comprised women residing in District Shimla for at least 12 months. A sample size of 400 participants was determined, and a Google Form questionnaire covering socio-demographic details and 20 structured knowledge-based questions on cervical cancer and the HPV vaccine was utilized. Data collection occurred through online platforms, and analysis was conducted using Epi Info V7 software. Results: Among the 400 respondents, 61% hailed from rural and 39% from urban areas. Knowledge levels varied, with 30.25% demonstrating very good, 35.5% good, 21.5% fair, and 12.75% poor knowledge regarding cervical cancer and the HPV vaccine. Key gaps included a nuanced understanding of HPV's role in cervical cancer and misconceptions about vaccine-related risks. Variations in preventive measure awareness and HPV vaccine understanding were observed. Conclusion: While a commendable baseline awareness about cervical cancer exists in District Shimla, persistent gaps warrant targeted educational interventions. The study emphasizes the need for context-specific awareness campaigns tailored to the unique demographics of the region. These findings serve as a foundation for informed public health policies, aiming to empower women with the knowledge necessary for proactive health decisions.

Based on the incidence of sporadic pregnancy loss, the incidence of recurrent pregnancy loss should be approximately 1 in 300 pregnancies. However, epidemiologic studies have revealed that 1% to 2% of women experience recurrent pregnancy loss. There are several known causes for recurrent miscarriage in women, but in many cases, the cause remains unknown. Some factors, such as infections, have not yet been reliably studied and researched; But what is clear is that by knowing these factors and the physiology responsible for it, we can suggest better treatments. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of expression of long non-coding RNAs called TCL6 and MEG8 on recurrent miscarriage using real-time PCR technique. Recent studies show that these RNAs, with a length of more than 200 bases, are effective in regulating various cellular functions. Therefore, they may also play a role in preventing or preventing recurrent miscarriages. The findings show a link between the expression of these two genes in people who have recurrent abortions and those who do not. Statistical findings also reveal a significant relationship between differences in gene expression in people over 37 and under 37 years old. The findings of this study could aid in a better understanding of the molecular process that causes recurrent miscarriage. The results of this study will give us a broader view of the physiology of this problem, and thus may suggest new treatments for abortion in the future.

Natural product extracts are frequently used in drug discovery to screen for possible bioactive compounds. Acacia species are aggressive invaders that damage ecosystem integrity over the globe. Acacia dealbata L. is considered as one of the most aggressive species in Portugal. These plants are found in all portuguese regions and have the potential to invade farms and autochthonous woods, establishing monocultures, affecting ecosystem structure, and negatively influencing the economy. Acacia dealbata, commonly known as silver wattle or mimosa, has been traditionally used for various purposes, including traditional medicine, due to its bioactive properties. Although Acacia dealbata is an endemic species, one of the most aggressive invasive plants, the different morphological parts that compose it are rich in bio compounds, and little or no cytotoxic, which gives them potential to be used in nutraceutical or pharmaceutical applications. Nowadays, it is crucial to exploited new and greener methods to maximise the use of A. dealbata parts (wood, bark, leaves, and flowers), avoiding waste generation, and controlling this invasive shrub. When finding ways to apply an invasive plant, its proliferation and invasiveness are reduced. The different parts of A. dealbata present an interesting profile of bioactive compounds, namely flavonoids, terpenes, tannins, between others, allowing to affirm that, in a concept of ecological sustainability, this plant could have important applications.