The present investigation is an endevour to study the distribution of this virus depended on gender, age, source of infection, determine the genotype and viral load, as well as assess the response to antiviral treatments and its relationship to the level of cortisol. This research was conducted between January and March 2022 in the Gastroenterology and Hepatology facility in Baghdad. In the study, 90 people with HCV Antibody positivity (Ab+ve) took part. Each person had a full medical history, a clinical exam, and investigations. After doing the chi-square test, a statistically significant P value was determined to be <0.05. Peg interferon alpha 2a was administered once a week to each of these patients, along with ribavirin twice a day. They varied in age from 18 to 63, with a mean of 41.4 years, and 66 (73.3% of them) were male and 24 (26.7% of them) were female. The most common genotypes were 1:45 (50%) and 4:33 (36.7%). Only 27 patients (30%) have a viral load of more than 600,000Uml, while 63 patients (70%) have a viral load of less than 600,000Uml. End treatment virological response was seen in 34 individuals (37.7%). The results showed a significant increase in cortisol concentration for the patients group with a viral load > 600,000 iu/ml (267.89±16.60 ng/ml) compared with other groups, group viral load of <600,000 (126.84±4.55 ng/ml) and the control group (123.06±6.13 ng/ml).

The principal target of this study is to interact iron with two B-vitamins such as niacin and pyridoxine in hydrochloric acid buffer and was proved to be successful using three electrochemical techniques named cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and chronocoulometry. Then using the same techniques, pH of maximum interaction was investigated. For Fe (II)-niacin interaction, pH of maximum interaction was 1.6 but for Fe (II)-pyridoxine interaction, it was 2.2. At the pH of maximum interaction, composition of maximum interaction was determined by cyclic voltammetry. The composition study showed that more than one species was formed in all the cases. Chronoamperometric study showed that after interaction, in both the cases, the spike heights are decreased signaling towards the decrease in the rate of electrolysis as well as successful interactions. In case of chronocoulometric study, it was found that after interaction, the charge at τ decreased and increased for Fe (II)-niacin and Fe (II)-pyridoxine interactions respectively. The plots Q vs t^1/2 and Q_r vs θ concludes that after interaction adsorption occur in all the cases.

This study is investigated on the barks of a specific species of Pouteria genus known as Planchonella obovata (PO) from the family Sapotaceae to identify antioxidant, cytotoxic and analgesic activity. Several studies have been explored that many species of have showed medicinal properties like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial property and for this reason species of Pouteria genus are used for treating purpose from many years. Barks of Planchonella obovata collected and extracted with ethanol solvent by soxhlet extraction process. Antioxidant studies of ethanolic extract of barks of Planchonella obovata as DPPH free radical scavenging assay found that IC50 value 1.15µg/ml compare with standard Ascorbic acid 3.338 µg/ml, total phenolic content 145.56±2.55 mg/g, total flavonoid content is 8.75±9.922mg/g, total Antioxidant found 250±6.614 mg/g and Reducing power capacity 46.4% assuming standard as 100%. In cytotoxicity study LC50 value 3318.47µg/ml compare to standard vincristine sulfate (LC50 value 2.313µg/ml). In Hot Plate test dose 500 and 700 (mg/kg) showed the maximum % of elongation respectively 110.96% at 120 min and 150.16% at 60 min compare to standard (Diclofenac Sodium BP-100mg/kg) 55.15% at 120 min which much lower than the extract of Planchonella obovata. The acetic acid induced writhing test at dose 300,500,700 mg/kg showed significant (p<0.001) %of inhibition 65.75%, 76.71% and 84.93% respectively where the standard has 56.16% (p<0.05).In The ethanolic extracts of Planchonella obovata barks found mild antioxidant activity with highly significant DPPH scavenging capacity. Insignificant cytotoxic activity found and showed good Analgesic activity.

The current study included the collection of 250 urine and blood samples for patients with urinary tract infections, in addition to 50 urine and blood samples not infected as a control sample, which included females and males with ages ranging between 15-60 years, 60% females and 40% males from the patients referred to the laboratories of the city of Tikrit.  200 samples gave positive bacterial growth at a rate of 80%, as it gave two types of growth negative for samples with a percentage of 62.5% and positive for Gram at a rate of 37.5%, while the other 50 samples did not give any bacterial growth. The sensitivity of the isolated bacteria to a number of antibiotics was studied, and the results showed the sensitivity of the isolated bacteria to merepnen, while the bacterial isolates showed the highest resistance to caffeine. The results of the study showed a significant increase in the level of immune proteins compared to the control samples, as the level of IL-22 was 445.0±16.4, while its level in the sera of healthy people was 135.3±18.4

Blumea lacera (Burn. f.) DC. (Family: Asteraceae) is an important member of Bangladeshi natural plant resource and it is an herbaceous weed locally known as Kukursunga. Different parts of this plant are used traditionally to cure various diseases. But detail study on the antioxidant and antineoplastic potentials of Blumea lacera leaves, has not yet been done. Aim of this study is to examine the antioxidant and antineoplastic properties and quantify the different type of phytochemical content of the methanolic extract of leaves of Blumea lacera (MELB). MELB contained a rich polyphenol, flavonol, flavonoid and proanthocyanidins. MELB showed moderate cytotoxic effect against Artemia salina (brine shrimp nauplii) where its LD₅₀ values was 66.12µg/ml. In vitro antioxidant assay, MELB exhibited a remarkable capacity to scavenge the tested reactive species. MELB scavenged DPPH with an IC₅₀ of 33.64µg/mL and 42.69µg/mL, respectively. In vivo antineoplastic assay, MELB significantly (p<0.05) decreased viable cell count and increased the survival time of EAC cell bearing mice. Hematological profiles were also restored significantly (p<0.05) to normal levels in MELB treated mice as compared to untreated EAC control mice. In addition, fluorescence microscopic view of EAC cells derived from MELB-treated group showed apoptotic characteristics in treated cells compared to untreated EAC control. Our findings suggest that methanolic extract of Blumea lacera leaves (MELB) might be a potential agent with antioxidant properties for prevention of cancer and has the merit for further investigation in isolating its active constituents. Abbreviation: DPPH: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, MELB: methanolic extract of leaves of Blumea lacera . EAC: Ehrlich’s Ascites Carcinoma, DAPI: 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole