Studies, research and scientific experiments, as well as the scientific development that accompanied other sciences related to the science of sports training, have helped to upgrade this science [1]. The scientific aspect has become the main pillar for the development of sports achievement, as the science of sports training is concerned with all training events [2]. And the surrounding basic and necessary requirements to improve sports performance and due to the multiplicity, complexity and installation of those requirements becomes difficult to achieve the training goals naturally only by organizing those training processes and implementing them in the form and the correct scientific image and appropriate in order to develop various abilities and proper motor performance in team and individual games [3,4]. Exercises are important and necessary for the player and are the basis for all motor skills and abilities and the basis for all sports aspects [5]. Exercises are an important basic component of the training unit, as the training unit consists of a set of exercises, and these exercises must be effective and subject to basic conditions and considerations in order for the training unit to have objective objectives fruitful, through exercises can achieve the objectives of the training unit) [6].  The correct scientific method must be followed in the development of exercises and the method of practicing them in terms of the components of the training load (intensity, size and rest between exercises) and all of this is based on the objectives set for the training unit [7].  The development of appropriate exercises and scientifically planned in terms of construction, and conformity to the atmosphere of competition help to bring the player to a high level of motor, physical and skill abilities [1]. It requires special effort and special training for the type of competition or tournament to be participated in, the player will participate in tournaments and competitions and has the physical ability and skill corresponding to this atmosphere and can achieve advanced achievements [8]. Therefore, the game of handball is one of the team games that has received great attention by sports scientists in scientific research to build champions and participate in competitions at the advanced scientific level [9]. The importance of research comes in the development of competitive exercises related to play and competitions through which the physical level and performance corresponding to the game, including offensive performance, can be controlled. Hence, we give scientific information to our coaches on how to build these competitive exercises for competitions and how important they are for the age base. 

Search problem:

The game of handball consists of two parts of offensive and defensive play, and offensive performance is essential to win because you score goals, and in order to be able to apply this correct feature in performance, we must train in methods that keep pace with the atmosphere of competition and stability from one game to another. Through the experience of the researcher and his training clubs and centers for this category, he found a significant weakness in the offensive skills and may be caused by not giving enough time from repetitions and rest periods and not giving competitive exercises, especially in the right place in the training unit, or ignoring offensive exercises because of the nature of the player tends to defensive skills more than offensive skills, knowing that offensive skills depend heavily on the player's insistence in improving and developing the offensive side.

Research Objectives:

1. Preparing competitive exercises in the development of some physical abilities and individual quick attack for handball players under the age of (14 years).

2. Identify the effect of special exercises on the development of physical abilities and individual rapid attack for handball players under the age of (14 years).

3. Identify the results of differences in the pre- and post-tests of the control and experimental groups in the development of some physical abilities and individual rapid attack for handball players under the age of (14 years).

4. Identify the results of the differences in the post-tests between the control and experimental groups in the development of some physical abilities and individual rapid attack for handball players under the age of (14 years).

 Research Hypotheses:

1. The presence of a positive effect of special exercises in the development of some physical abilities and individual rapid attack of handball players under the age of (14 years).

2. The existence of significant differences in the results of the pre- and post-tests and in favor of the results of the post-tests of the control and experimental groups in the development of some physical abilities and individual rapid attack for handball players under the age of (14 years).

3. The existence of significant differences in the results of the post-tests between the control and experimental groups and in favor of the experimental group in the development of some physical abilities and individual rapid attack for handball players under the age of (14 years).

Research Areas:

Human Area: Al-Hussein Youth Forum handball players under 14 years old for the 2022-2023 season. 

Spatial Area:  Hall of the Youth Forum of Hussein neighborhood.

Time Area: Period from 6 / 2 /2023 to 8 / 5 /2023

Research Methodology and Field Procedures

The researcher used the experimental method in the method of the experimental and control equivalent groups with pre- and post-test.

Research population and sample:

The researcher identified the research community with the players of the Al-Hussein Youth Forum at the age of (12-14) for the sports season (2022-2023), which numbered (16) players. ، The research sample of (12) players was selected and they were randomly divided into two control and experimental groups, each group numbered (6) players, and they constitute (75%) and (4) players were excluded for the sample of the exploratory experiment.

Means of collecting information:

Means of data collection:

• Arab and foreign sources.

• Tests and measurements used in research.

• Scientific observation.

• Personal Interview 

• Questionnaire Evaluation of Tests 

• Questionnaire of exercises and training used 

Field Research Procedures:

Physical Aptitude Tests 

Test of the characteristic strength of speed for the legs (Bret et al., 2002). 

Test name:  Long jump forward test for (10) seconds.

Purpose of the test: to measure the characteristic strength characteristic of the speed of the legs.

Tools: tape measure - stopwatch - playground – whistle. 

Performance method: The tester takes his position behind the starting line and, upon hearing the whistle, advances steadily; the distance traversed is recorded within 10 seconds.

Conditions:

• No part of the body touches the ground except the feet.

• Maximum effort by the laboratory to record the greatest possible distance

Test Management: A timer that provides the initiation signal and measures the duration required to complete the test.

Recording: The tester records the maximum distance covered during a test duration of ten seconds, with three attempts allowed and a recovery interval of five to seven minutes between each try to document the optimal performance.

Slalom between legs (agility test) [10]

Purpose of the test: Agility measurement 

Tools used: stopwatch – 120 cm high legs.

Performance Description: Running around the lists is used in the form of an intersection between the lists so that the distance between each list and the list in the middle is 5 m and draws the starting and ending line on both sides of the center list and when hearing the start signal, the player runs from the list No (1) to rotate around it so that the based is on his right and returns to the center post and rotates around it and heads to No (2).

Recording: Time taken is recorded 

Handball Rapid Individual Attack Test 

Individual rapid attack formation test:

Objective of the test: Assessment of individual rapid attack.

Devices and tools: regular handball court, handball, performance camera, performance appraisal form, numbered T-shirts to distinguish between players, whistle.

Performance Description: The player stands on one side of the (6 m) area in the center of the corner and according to the preferred arm and prepares to go, and when the whistle is heard, the player starts according to the path (in the form of an arc) along the side line. After crossing the halfway line, he turns around to receive the ball from the goalkeeper and then advances towards the opponent's goal using the Tabata straight to reach the (6 m) area with the shortest distance and in the vertical direction of the goal and then shoots.

Registration: The test score is calculated according to the registration form

1. Evaluation of the first stage: standing in the right place and starting on the right path until receiving the ball .... (5) degrees.

2. Evaluation of the second stage: receiving the ball correctly ... (5) degrees.

3. Evaluation of the third stage: Doing the correct tapping until reaching the area (6 m)) in front of the target and doing the correction (5)) degrees.

4. Each player is given two attempts and the best attempt counts.

5. The player's performance is evaluated by two judges and the mean is calculated for him.

6. Maximum degree ...  (15) degrees.

 Exploratory experiments:

First exploratory experiment:

The researcher conducted the first exploratory experiment on 6 /2/ 2023 on a sample consisting of (4) players aged (12-14) years in the Al-Hussein neighborhood youth forum, by applying the tests used in the research, by conducting this experiment to find the following:

1. Explain to the assistant team how to apply the tests.

2. Know the requirements of the tests of tools and know their validity.

3. Identify the obstacles facing the researcher in the application of tests.

Second exploratory experiment:

On February 20, 2023, the researcher executed a second exploratory experiment involving six participants from the original research sample. The objective was to validate the exercises employed, ascertain the suitable training load regarding intensity, volume, and comfort, and compute the total duration based on each individual's training methodology. The experiment was conducted at the Al-Hussein neighbourhood youth forum.

Scientific foundations of the tests:

In order for the tests to be scientific and testable for the measured sample in a healthy manner, it must be subjected to scientific foundations.   This is confirmed by Qais Naji and Bastawisi Ahmed (1987) "Testing or measurement cannot be characterized by quality unless its three coefficients prove stability, truthfulness and objectivity, and thus its results are taken and can be used and applied." 

Therefore, sources and references were relied on in the choices that have scientific foundations of honesty, consistency and objectivity and applied to the Iraqi environment and the level of players.

Field Experience:

Pre-tests:

 In order to start the experimentation process and introduce the independent variable to the experimental group, the researcher conducted pre-tests for some physical abilities and the individual rapid attack of handball players for the experimental and control groups at exactly two o'clock  in the afternoon on Sunday,  5/3/2023, The tests were conducted at the Al-Hussein Youth Forum, and were carried out after preparing all the necessary supplies and tools for all their conduct and in the presence of the assistant team.

Master Experience (Competitive Exercises)

 The researcher planned for the stage of special preparation by developing competitive  exercises in training units, which contained physical exercises and competitive exercises, and these exercises aim to develop some abilities and individual rapid attack for handball players for players aged (12-14) In order to obtain effective training units, the researcher resorted to rationing the training load in (intensity, size, and intensity) and the methods of interval training were used with high intensity and frequency The researcher took into account the age stage, physical ability and skill of the members of the research sample, and that the daily training units are the basis in the planning process. 

- Number of months: two months. 

- Number of weeks: (8) weeks.

- Number of training units: (24) training units.

- Days of training units: Sunday, Tuesday, Thursday.

- Severity ranged (85-100%).

- Size: The size is determined according to the required intensity.

 -  Rest:  The pulse was adopted as an indicator of rest (between repetitions 120-130 z / d) (between totals 110-120 z / d).

After finishing the design of the exercises that were included in the training units in their final form and carrying out the exploratory experiment on it for the purpose of legalising the training load, it was programmed in the main section of the training units for the trainer, and it was applied during the special preparation period. The execution of the training application started on Tuesday, July 3, 2023, and it ended on Friday, May 5, 2023.

Post-tests:

 After completing the implementation of the training units, the researcher conducted the post-tests for the experimental and control groups on Sunday, 7/5/2023, after preparing all the requirements for the tests and with the help of the assistant work team.

Statistical means:

The researcher used the statistical bag SPSS 24 to extract the following statistical features. 

Presentation and discussion of results 

Presentation of the results of the pre- and post-tests of the control group 

Table 1: Shows the statistical features of the control group in the tests of some physical abilities and rapid individual attack handball

*Significant at the significance level (0.05) and the df 5.

View the results of the pre- and post-tests of the experimental group 

Table 2: Shows the statistical features of the experimental group in the tests of some physical abilities and rapid individual attack handball

Significant at the significance level (0.05) and the df 5.

Presentation of the results of the post-tests of the control and experimental groups 

Table 3: Shows the statistical features of the calculated post-tests for the two experimental groups in the tests of some physical abilities and rapid individual attack handball

By observing tables (1) and (2) the pre- and post-tests of the control and experimental groups, we found that the two groups.  They have obtained a development in the physical abilities under study for handball players, i.e., competitive exercises and exercises used by the control group had a role in achieving good results in the physical abilities under study, this is the result of proper and programmed planning and the use of purposeful exercises that help the development of the physical aspect, as [11] mentions. There is a scientific fact that needs to be addressed, and that is the fact that the exercises that are utilised in the training curriculum lead to the development of performance if it is based on scientific foundations in organising the training process, making use of appropriate load, and observing individual differences, as well as when good training conditions are present and when specialised trainers are supervising the training. In light of the fact that the codified training programs, which are organised in accordance with scientific principles, work towards the development of the players' physical and psychological capabilities. The objective of the science of sports training is to enhance the level of performance, which is clarified by the fact that it clarifies the use of any training method or training method and implements it in accordance with good scientific foundations. According to [12] the purpose of the process of sports training is to get the individual athlete to the highest degree of athletic success possible in the competition or activity in which the player specialised. The development of the experimental group was found to be superior to that of the control group in terms of physical abilities in the Physical abilities that were the subject of the study. This was discovered by analysing Table 3, which displays the post-tests that were administered to both the control group and the experimental group. Not only is this the outcome of the utilisation of appropriate and purposeful workouts, but also of the utilisation of competitive exercises, in addition to the utilisation of exercise rationing. According to [13] the belief that providing regular workouts that are in accordance with the appropriate scientific approach encourages enhancing the effectiveness of joint muscle groups in completing motor skills and physical attributes gained by the player throughout training is supported by this assertion. Also, rationing pregnancy using the scientific method, including rationing the size according to the intensity set, has a significant impact on raising physical abilities for the better. According to [14,15] the success of the training program is contingent on the appropriate organisation and distribution of physical stresses inside the small training circle. This has been proven by both of these researchers. [16,17] This is the starting point for practical application based on the rule of switching the weight of training between the minimum and the upper limit and actual comfort. This is the starting point for how practical application is based. The rule of rotating the weight of training between the minimum and the higher limit and genuine comfort lays the groundwork for practical application, and here is the point at which it begins. The experimental group has achieved good results by performing the individual rapid attack and the researcher attributes this to the fact that the competitive exercises were developed according to scientific foundations suitable for the ages of the research sample , which made the players have many motor responses to unexpected variables in the external environment, which led to the development in their rapid motor performance because (tactical work does not achieve success unless special skills are mastered and upgraded [18,19]. There is a major role for competitive exercises in which the researcher presented the live model by the players practicing the sample gave a clear model mental image that made them perform the formations with distinctive motor behavior because the explanation and presentation of the motor model of the skill enhances feelings and desires and causes a psychological impact and motivation for the learner to return the kinetic sock well [20]

1. Competitive exercises have achieved advanced results in the development of some physical abilities and rapid individual attack at the age of under 14 years of handball.

2. The process of sports training achieves its goal by reaching the individual athlete to a high level of quality of the game, and this can only be achieved through training in the atmosphere of competition and developing the physical and skill aspect required.

3. Creating any physical component is ineffective without harmony and physical adaptation between the player and the training process components, considering both quantity and quality, as well as the players' skill level and age, particularly in competitive exercises for handball players under 14 years old.

1. The need to adopt competitive exercises because they have achieved advanced results in developing some physical abilities and rapid individual attack at the age of under 14 years of handball.

2. Emphasizing the process of sports training and achieving its goals by reaching the individual athlete to a high level of quality of the game, including through training in the atmosphere of competition and developing the required physical and skill aspect.

3. The necessity to implement the development of any physical component by establishing harmony and physical adaptation between the player and the training process components, considering both quantity and quality, as well as the players' skill levels and age stages, particularly in competitive exercises for handball players under 14 years of age.

4. Conducting similar studies on other samples. 

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest

No funding sources

The study was approved by the Ministry of Education of Iraq.

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