In this study, we seek to achieve a main goal, which is to identify social engineering and its role in maintaining information security and privacy, introducing the risks of social engineering, the spread of social engineering, and identifying the role of information security in the face of social engineering and how the personal characteristics of individuals affect their vulnerability to exploitation, and this study is considered one of the descriptive studies that relied on the content analysis methodology, by reviewing previous studies, interviews and research. The study concluded with a number of recommendations, including that social engineering should be controlled or at least limited when it comes to information security, as many people focus on technical security as technical solutions such as firewalls, authentication rules, encryption, access restrictions and permissions are necessary for information security in the organization because they can prevent attacks.

This research focuses on the one known application of enhancing concrete properties through the incorporation of nano silica (NS), an important construction material. The study also emphasises the role of nano silica in improving the microstructure of concrete and, hence, its strength, durability, and sustainability. This reviews the performance of nano silica when mixed with concretes, addressing to the fact that it has a very large surface area to which it contributes to the performance. The measures section describes several experimental methods used to assess the effects of various parameters influencing concrete, for instance mass and surface area of nano silica. The conclusions further explain that incorporation of nano silica enhances the mechanical properties of the fly ash geopolymer by increasing the compressive strength and protection from environmental changes. In addition, the study explains the challenges faced while incorporating nano silica into the common concrete production systems. Lastly, such research poses a foundation of advancing mechanical metamaterials for constructing better cementitious systems by implementing nanotechnology with a focus on the role of nano silica in future construction.

This paper performs a comparative study, which evaluates the classic and advanced approaches that apply to the assessment of soil bearing capacity for geotechnical engineers. The affectation of this research is in an analysis of soil analysis evolution, and ways in which it is related to the construction and infrastructure development. Conventional modes of analysis, which are often done by means of geostatistics-based systems and Standard Penetration Test (SPT), are contrasted with innovative applications including artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, grouting, and experiments. This study will undertake a thorough overview of existing literature to assess the distribution, limitations, and implications in practice as well as research gap by using each of the above methods. A chi-squared test is done to discriminate with significance the difference in distribution in the prevalence of methods between traditional and modern methods paradigms. The results showed a dramatic gap in the utilization of different strategies that showed the switch towards the use of advanced technologies and experimentation in methodologies. The study conducted here is clear evidence of the use of combined usual and modern methods has a big role to play in enhancing soil bearing assessment assessment techniques used in professional engineering. The findings revealed can be used to help determine further research directions as well as practical approaches for engineers to carry analysis in a more efficient and factual way for better construction purposes.

This study's objective was to evaluate the environmental risks associated with construction, keeping in mind that the 1980s saw a sharp increase in the building sector as a result of the increased demand for residential space. The study also addressed the significance of understanding how construction affects the environment, the need to raise awareness, and the necessity of using resources wisely in residential projects.An essential instrument for ensuring that the construction project's negative consequences are minimized and its positive ones are maximized across its entire life cycle is the environmental construction management plan. The report also emphasizes how accidents occur in building projects and how they affect both the environment and the workers.

This study discusses the importance and role of renewable energy in reducing carbon emissions, Given the importance of this subject in the light of the climate challenges currently facing the world, Where CO2 emissions are one of the largest causes of environmental pollution and global warming produced through human activities such as fossil fuel consumption, This study aims to learn about the role of renewable energy in reducing CO2 emission, Such as sun, wind and water energy, this study highlights the importance of increasing reliance on these sources as an alternative to non-renewable energy. This study also discusses previous research confirming that renewable energy plays a crucial role in reducing this emission as well as the challenges of shifting towards these sources.

Disaster management that incorporates both remote sensing and a geographic information system is identified with better planning, analysis, situational awareness, and recovery efforts. GIS and RS are recognized as important tools in disaster management. The visualisation capacity of satellite images and AI can all help decision makers make decisions based on natural disasters. A synthesis of remote sensing with a geographic information system in the context of disaster management enhances both planning and analysis as well as situation awareness and response recovery, thus ensuring that GIS plus RS are two most often mentioned important tools in disaster management. When dealing with natural calamities, decision makers can benefit from such capabilities like visualizations (acquired through GIS), satellite images, and artificial intelligence for making informed decisions post disasters.

Earthquakes are one of the most common natural events that affect large areas around the world and the Middle East remains one of the most active areas and is characterized by its proximity to the tectonic surface. This research was conducted to analyze the earthquake data in the Middle East region within the coordinates (latitude: 12 degrees north to 42 degrees north and latitude 32 degrees east to 60 degrees east from 01/03/2000 11:30:32 to 31/12/2022 17:05:40 i.e. more than two decades of data. The data was collected only from a reliable database, where the number of exclusive earthquakes in this period reached 6555 events for this period and the information includes location ((longitude and latitude)), intensity (magnitude) and time. Referring to smart learning techniques, K-Means was used to analyze this data and divide it into creative groups (clusters) based on geography and diversity of activity. The aim of this research study, the author wants to provide an analysis of the distribution of earthquakes in the region to give insights into the patterns and distribution of activity and identify areas or regions with high and low activity. These results may contribute to improving the coordination between emergency cases and then moving. From the physical impacts on local communities to those that are the inevitable result of damage caused by previous social planning, it thus provides an original body of research in planning science and disaster management.

The embedded systems have an important role in building smart digital automation systems, which in turn are used to help humans in general by reducing workload and achieving better results and reliability, as it enables people to rely on this system to apply technology in daily life. This paper presents the smart doors project that will contribute to reducing the effort expended by individuals in addition to enhancing people's dependence on modern technology. The research presents a system for controlling and monitoring doors, especially in important places such as state departments, companies, and employee rooms. The NodeMCU DevKit ESP8266 is used as the controller, which features connectivity, lightweight, low power consumption, and fast response. The system also uses an RFID chip, so you don't have to worry about traditional keys getting damaged or lost. One of the objectives of the paper is to get rid of the heavy and multiple traditional keys, replacing them with an RFID card chip, a single piece of which can be used to open more than one door within the company, for example. The system's power has also been calculated to reach the lowest power consumption by putting the system in a sleep state when it is not needed through the use of the PIR motion sensor. It is always ensuring the availability of power, even in emergencies and power outages. The results after implementing the system showed ease of work, monitoring, and management, in addition to effectiveness in work.

This work has been studied the surface tension () as a function of polyethylene (PE198, PE507, PE619 and PE1100) at different molecular weights by using Simha-Somcynsky theory (SS) occupied site fraction(y) theory in conjunction with Cahn-Hilliard (CH) theory which relevance the free Helmholtz energy of polymer surfaces and interfaces. The aim of this study is establishing the relationship how the surface tension changes for different molecular weights. To extracting the best value of external freedom degree used the Newton Raphson method. İn this work has been applied the temperature range (313 -473) K and the pressure up to about (150) Mpa. The maximum and minimum deviations in the volume were found (1.414) in PE198 and (0.0145) in PE1100 respectively.

Virtual reality technology has allowed people with special needs, specifically the blind and visually impaired, to access important information. This technology focused on immersing these groups in a three-dimensional environment and providing tools and applications that facilitate their daily lives by providing an immersive experience and tactile and auditory feedback through the application of virtual reality technology to bridge the gap of the problem of visual disability between the blind and visually impaired category. This article reviews the most important needs of people with visual impairment in various fields. This paper also discusses the most important assistive devices in the virtual reality environment, their functions, and applications. The paper also discussed the most important research that applied virtual reality technology to the blind and visually impaired. The determinants that will be taken into consideration in the future and appropriate solutions were highlighted to develop the benefit of virtual reality and serve this important category more.