In the period between (25/ February/2025) and (11/juli/2025) the study were happened and samples were collected for this cross-sectional investigation. Sera of 30 control cases were collected (16 women and 14 men, mean of ages 41.4 years) which compared to sixty patients (thirty-seven females and twenty-three males, mean of ages 40.4 years). Deficits were classified as severe <10 ng/mL, moderate 10-20 ng/mL and mild 20-30 ng/mL  and based on an analysis of serum ranks of calcifediol. Depending on the research, the prevalence of deficits was 17.0% severe, 28.6% mild, and 24.9% moderate. With lower median levels in the winter than in the spring and summer, insufficiency of vitamin D was prevalent in females and younger individuals.  This study affirm the need for vitamin D supplementation in Babylon due to confined sun exposure from clothing regulations. It spotlight the importance of individualized therapy audience health actions to process deficiency  of vitamin D within community.

Background: Family planning plays a critical role in promoting reproductive health by enabling individuals and couples to make informed decisions regarding childbearing. While modern contraceptive methods offer a range of safe and effective options, myths, gender biases, and cultural taboos continue to impede their optimal use, particularly in semi-urban and rural regions of India. This study seeks to evaluate knowledge levels, identify prevailing misconceptions, and assess the extent of male participation in contraceptive decision-making. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional, community-based online survey was conducted among 420 adult men and women across rural and semi-urban areas of Himachal Pradesh between January and March 2025. A bilingual, pre-validated questionnaire covering socio-demographic details, contraceptive knowledge, perceptions, myths, and male participation was administered via Google Forms. Convenience sampling was employed, and data were analyzed using SPSS Version 26.0. Knowledge scores were categorized into four levels: Very Good, Good, Fair, and Poor. Results: The majority of participants (39.0%) were aged 18–25 years, with women representing 56.4% of the sample. Awareness of commonly used contraceptive methods was generally high, with 82.6% identifying the purpose of modern contraception and 80.7% recognizing condoms' role in STI prevention. However, misconceptions persisted regarding implants, injectables, and the safety profile of contraceptive pills. While 75% of respondents exhibited Good or Very Good knowledge, 25% demonstrated only Fair or Poor understanding. Encouragingly, 83.6% acknowledged male involvement as vital in family planning decisions. Social media and community health programs emerged as the preferred platforms for promoting contraceptive awareness. Conclusion: Although awareness of modern contraceptive methods in Himachal Pradesh is steadily improving, significant knowledge gaps and lingering myths remain, particularly concerning less familiar contraceptive options. A gradual cultural shift toward male engagement in family planning is evident but requires reinforcement. Sustained, culturally sensitive educational campaigns, enhanced community health worker training, and inclusive outreach initiatives are essential to bridge knowledge gaps, dispel myths, and promote shared responsibility in reproductive health.

Background: Mental health is a vital aspect of overall well-being but remains under-recognized and stigmatized, particularly in rural communities. Conditions such as depression, anxiety, and stress significantly contribute to the global burden of disease. This study aimed to assess the level of mental health awareness, social attitudes, stigma, and help-seeking behaviors related to depression, anxiety, and stress among the rural population of Solan district, Himachal Pradesh. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional survey was conducted among 400 adult residents of rural Solan between January and March 2025. Participants were recruited through purposive and snowball sampling via digital platforms. Data were collected using a structured, bilingual (Hindi and English) online questionnaire assessing socio-demographic details, awareness of mental health conditions, stigma levels, and help-seeking behaviors. Responses were scored, and cumulative knowledge was categorized into four levels: very good, good, fair, and poor. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.0. Results: Among the participants, 39.5% were aged 26–35 years, and 54.5% were female. A majority (37.0%) had secondary education, and all respondents resided in rural areas. Overall, 78.8% correctly identified disruptions in emotional or cognitive functioning as characteristics of mental disorders, and 80.8% recognized the neurobiological impact of prolonged stress. Although 82.3% acknowledged stigma as a barrier to treatment, misconceptions persisted, with only 64.3% rejecting the belief that mental disorders signify personal failure. Based on cumulative scores, 30.3% demonstrated very good knowledge, 43.8% good knowledge, 19.3% fair knowledge, and 6.8% poor knowledge. Conclusion: The rural population of Solan demonstrated encouraging levels of awareness regarding mental health conditions; however, critical gaps in knowledge and persistent stigma remain significant challenges. Tailored mental health education programs, community-based interventions, and stigma-reduction initiatives are urgently needed to foster a more informed, supportive, and resilient rural society, capable of addressing mental health issues with compassion and confidence.

Background: Night blindness (nyctalopia) is a vision impairment characterized by difficulty seeing in low light, often linked to vitamin A deficiency, retinal disorders, or genetic factors. Despite its preventable nature, awareness remains limited, particularly in underserved regions. This study assessed awareness, knowledge, and preventive practices regarding night blindness among residents of Himachal Pradesh, India. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 adults in Himachal Pradesh using a structured online questionnaire. The survey assessed socio-demographics, knowledge of night blindness causes, symptoms, and preventive practices. Data were analyzed using SPSS v26.0, with significance set at p<0.05. Results: While 82% correctly identified night blindness as difficulty seeing in low light, only 61.5% recognized vitamin A's preventive role. Awareness of symptoms like poor vision in dim light was limited (66.8%). Knowledge scores revealed 38.8% with “Very Good,” 38.5% with “Good,” 15.5% with “Fair,” and 7.3% with “Poor” understanding. Rural residents and individuals with limited education exhibited higher rates of low knowledge scores. Conclusion: Despite reasonable awareness in some areas, significant gaps remain in understanding key symptoms and preventive strategies. Targeted educational campaigns, improved nutritional awareness, and enhanced vision care in underserved areas are essential to address these gaps.
 

Colorectal cancer is a prevalent malignant tumor within the digestive system, characterized by a complex and varied pathogenesis.Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the primary active ingredient in green tea, has garnered extensive attention in recent years due to its anti-colorectal cancer properties. Research has demonstrated that EGCG exerts its anti-colorectal cancer effects via multiple signaling pathways, primarily by inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis and autophagy, suppressing cancer cell invasion and metastasis, combating tumor angiogenesis, modulating associated signaling pathways, and Boosting sensitivity to chemotherapy medications. This article reviews relevant literature both domestically and internationally to discuss the mechanisms of EGCGs anti-colorectal cancer actions, providing a reference for future research and clinical application in oncology.