Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular malignancy of children and occurs mostly within the first 3years of life with an average onset at about 18 months of age. The most common form of presentation is leukocoria, other less common forms of presentation includes strabismus, uveitis, proptosis, orbital cellulitis with hyphaema being one of the least forms of presentation. This is a case report of Retinoblastoma presenting with hyphaema in a Nigerian Infant and it is to bring to fore that even though hyphaema is not a common presentation in patients with Retinoblastoma, It should still not be overlooked in order to avoid the poor prognosis that is often associated with late diagnosis.

Background: The present study was done to evaluate the functional outcome and complications after open reduction and internal fixation of acetabulum fractures. Materials and Methods: The present study was done in 44 patients of fracture acetabulum managed by open reduction internal fixation in the Department of Orthopaedic surgery, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla. Results: There were 16 prospective (36.4%) and 28 retrospective (63.6%) cases. The mean age was 45.07 years with maximum number of 39 (88%) patients in the age group of 21-60 years. Majority (77.3%) of the patients was males and 22.8% were females. Modified Merle d’Aubigne and postel (MDA) score was excellent in 77% patients, good in 13%, fair in 10%. Matta’s radiological score at final follow up was excellent in 54.55%, good in 36.36%, fair in 4.55% and poor in 4.54% patients. The average Modified Harris Hip score was 94 at final follow up in 44 patients. Patients with anterior column fracture had HHS of 96 at final follow up; posterior wall fracture patients had average HHS of 92 at final follow up. Two patients had complications. One patient had femoral head fracture along with fracture of posterior wall developed AVN and also had subsequently Secondary OA with post operative subluxation of femoral head. Thus three complications were seen in this patient. Another patient with fracture dislocation with fracture of posterior wall developed AVN and subsequently secondary OA 5 year after surgery. No patient developed sciatic nerve injury post operatively. None of patients developed postoperative sciatic nerve palsy. No patient died during treatment or follow up. Conclusion: Open reduction and internal fixation as a gold standard for acetabulum fractures which is indicated with excellent to good results in majority of the patients as assessed by Modified Merle d’Aubigne score, Modified Harris hip score and Matta Radiological score with minimal complications at final follow up.

Myiasis is the infestation of skin or wound by larvae, maggots of variety of flies. It is usually found in neglected and immuno-compromised adults residing in tropical and sub-tropical areas. A rare case of maggot infestation of umbilicus in a neonate is being reported here. In times of Covid 19 epidemic and lockdown at its peak this case was successfully managed at District hospital set up in rural area of Una of Himachal Pradesh with bare minimal resources available.

Background: Transcerebellar diameter is emerging as a promising indicator for assessment of the Gestational age. Present study was done with the objective to evaluate the Correlation & estimate the Variability between Transcerebellar Diameter and Gestation age in Normal pregnancies. Material and Methods: This Prospective Cross-sectional study was conducted on antenatal women of gestational age 15-40 weeks with normal singleton pregnancies cases attending the antenatal clinic and admitted in the Department of Obstetrics and gynecology and sent to Department of Radiology KNSH M&C and IGMC Shimla for Antenatal USG Scan. In every patient TCD was measured. Data was analysed by appropriate statistical test using EPI INFO Version 7.2 software. Correlation coefficients were then used to compare TCD with Gestational age in normal pregnancies. Results: In this study 100 were normal pregnancies were studied. Mean age of study participants was 24.8±3.25years. Maximum number of patients (54%) was between 21-25 years followed by 26-30 years (32%). Maximum number of patients (44%) was between 30-36 weeks of gestation and least number of patients (5%) was between 12- 18weeks. It was noted that minimum variability was seen during 12-18 weeks i.e. ±0.34weeks and maximum variability in estimation of gestational age by transcerebellar diameter was seen between 24-30 weeks i.e. ±1.38 weeks. It was observed that during second trimester TCD had the highest correlation with gestational age i.e. 0.987. It is also noted that TCD has relatively lesser correlation with gestational age in third trimester. i.e. 0.788. Conclusion: Overall it was noted that TCD had a strong correlation with gestational age throughout the pregnancy which was statistically significant.

TB accounts for approximately 40% of adult deaths. In almost half of these cases, the disease remains undiagnosed until death. The economic burden of seeking care remains a barrier for TB patients. Patients experiencing TB symptoms may initially seek relief by using self-prescribed medication or by consulting a health care provider who does not request patient (TB) investigations despite repeated visits. Patient delay depends on patients’ knowledge, attitudes and beliefs, which are associated with rural residence, low access to health centre, old age, poverty, gender (depending on country customs), alcohol and other substance dependence, immigration background, low education, low awareness of TB, self-treatment and stigma. Through this article, we wish to review the health seeking behavior of patients suffering from Tuberculosis.