Introduction: Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) is the most common cause of congenital obstructive uropathy in children and, without appropriate management, can lead to irreversible renal impairment. In sub-Saharan Africa, diagnosis is often delayed and made only in emergency situations. This study aimed to describe the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic, and short-term outcomes of children treated for UPJO in a pediatric surgery department. Methods: This retrospective descriptive study was conducted from January 2019 to October 2022 in the pediatric surgery department of the Jeanne-Ebori Foundation Mother-Child University Hospital (Libreville). All children hospitalized for UPJO were included. The data were analyzed descriptively. Results: Eight children were included, with a mean age of 3.2±2.8 years, and a marked male predominance (7/8). Hydronephrosis was the main presenting symptom. All patients underwent pyeloplasty, with a mean time to surgery of 0.9±0.4 days. The postoperative course was favorable in all cases. Conclusion: Pyeloureteral junction obstruction (PJO) is a frequent pediatric urological emergency in our setting. Early surgical management with pyeloplasty allows for a favorable short-term outcome.