regarded as one of the key summer crops, It is one of both field and oil crops [2] . Peanuts are high in unsaturated oils and high-quality nutrients. [3]. In addition to containing amino acids, isoflavones, anthocyanins and vitamins [4].. Peanuts are grown in tropical or subtropical regions in more than 100 countries around the world. [5]., its production worldwide reached about 48 million tons (according to Food Organization data 2021) [6].

Drought stress occurs due to lack of water in the soil. [7]. It affects every stage of plant life. [8], and considered of the most dangerous and harmful abiotic stresses worldwide. Drought negatively affects plant growth and productivity [9]. It leads to drying of the protoplasm of the cells, which causes the closure of stomata and reduces the entry of carbon dioxide, thus negatively affecting the process of photosynthesis and plant productivity [10]. Changing climatic circumstances, such as less rainfall and global warming, are what cause drought waves to rise. [9].The use of biological fertilizers at the present time has become an important matter because they play an essential role in agricultural systems, especially microorganisms that stimulate plant growth [11].Fungi, such as mycorrhizal fungi, which are among the most common symbiotic fungi and offer numerous advantages to the host plant, are used as one of these fertilizers [12].It strives to supply the plant with essential nutrients like phosphorus, nitrogen, zinc, and manganese [13] Furthermore, it enhances a plant's resistance to abiotic stressors such salt, drought, and heavy metals. [14]. In addition to its role in protecting infected plants from diseases by interacting with these plants and activating their defensive responses [15]. It works to increase antioxidants and reduce the absorption of pollutants. In addition to mycorrhizae, Trichoderma is considered a filamentous fungus that is important in agriculture or as a producer of enzymes and antibiotics [16]. 

SS

1. Wooden canopy experience:

Two types of field pistachio trees Arachis hypogaea L. were used in the experiment, which was carried out under the woody canopy of the Forestry Department/College of Agriculture and Forestry/University of Mosul during the 2023–2024 agricultural season To illustrate the impact of mycorrhizal and trichoderma fungus inoculation onThe mineral content and oxidative stress of field pistachio plants growing under different levels of field capacity.The experiment included four combinations: without vaccine, inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi at a rate of 50 g/anvil, and inoculation with Trichoderma fungi at a rate of 50 g/ancus, and a mixture of mycorrhizal and Trichoderma fungi was added in three replicates.  It was stirred well to a depth of 10 cm with the surface layer of soil. Then, on May 30, 2023, I planted ten seeds at a depth of 1 cm from the field pistachio plant. I used plastic pots with a capacity of 5 kg and soil with a sandy mixture texture, after sterilizing them on the surface using mercury chloride and ethyl alcohol 95%, and repeatedly cleaned with distilled water after that to remove No trace of the sterile material, after that, I was treated with mycobacterial vaccine.  The number of seedlings was reduced to 5 seedlings/pot.  Then the plants were irrigated with normal water, and the plants were subjected to three different field capacity levels (75, 50, and 25) % after 35 days of planting. Random samples were taken from each treatment and both kinds after 60 days after planting in order to examine each of the following characteristics.:-

• Estimating the percentage of nutrients (N, P, K)

• Evaluation of antioxidant enzyme activity (CAT, POD) The technique was used to measure the peroxidase (POD) enzyme activity in the plant extract [17]. The effectiveness of the catalase enzyme (CAT) was estimated according to the method [18].

• Calculation of the proline percentage: The proline content in the leaves was calculated using by this method [19].

Table (1) demonstrates that the nitrogen content of the leaves of the field pistachio plants treated with the mixture (M +T) significantly increased, over the rest of the experimental treatments, as the percentage of increase was (66%) compared to the untreated plants.  Likewise, with regard to varieties, the variety Abaa 8 was superior to the Saadiya variety when estimating the concentration of N in the leaves. Regarding the effect of humidity levels, we notice a significant increase with increasing humidity levels from 25-75%, and the highest increase was (15%) at the 75% field capacity compared to the 25% field capacity.  While the results of the binary interaction (varieties * drought) indicated a significant decrease in the N concentration in the leaves of peanut plants of the Sadia variety and those growing at a moisture content of 25% of the field capacity. The results of the triple interaction (varieties * treatments * drought) also showed a significant superiority of the plants of the Ibaa 8 variety in the concentration of N in the leaves treated with the (M+T) mixture, growing at a moisture content of 75% of the field capacity compared to the rest of the treatments.

Table (1) The effect of using mycorrhizae and Trichoderma in estimating the nitrogen content in the leaves of two varieties of field peanut plants growing at different levels of field capacity.

The outcomes shown in Table (2) indicated a noteworthy decrease in field pistachio plants not treated with any type of additives when estimating the phosphorus content in the leaves compared to the rest of the treatments.  While The Ibaa 8 variety's plants outperformed the Saadiya variety, according to the findings in the element P's content in the leaves.As for the effect of water stress, it was observed that there was a significant decrease in the peanut plants exposed to the stress and growing at the field capacity of 50%, 25%, and the percentage of decrease was (6%, 9%), respectively, compared to the plants at the field capacity of 75%. As for the bilateral interference data  (Treatments * drought) It was observed that a clear superiority was achieved for plants treated with the addition of the mixture (M+T) and those grown at a moisture content of 75% of the field capacity.  While the results of the triple interaction (varieties * treatments * drought) indicated the superiority of the plants of the Aba 8 variety treated with the addition of the (M+T) mixture, growing at a moisture content of 75% compared to the rest of the treatments.

Table (2) The effect of using mycorrhizae and Trichoderma in estimating the phosphorus content in the leaves of two varieties of field peanut plants growing at different levels of field capacity.

The outcomes of Table (3)'s statistical analysis indicated that field pistachio plants treated with different additions of mycorrhiza and Trichoderma excelled when measuring the potassium content concentration in the leaves. When a mixture (M+T) was added at a rate of 9%, the greatest increase was observed in comparison to the control treatment. Regarding the effect of moisture levels, we notice a significant decrease in field pistachio plants when field capacity levels drop to 25% compared to plants. growing at 50% and 75% field capacity, by (4.2) %, respectively. In terms of varieties, we note the superiority of the Aba variety.  8 on the Saadia row in the K content in the papers. The results of the binary interaction (varieties * treatments) showed a significant decrease in the concentration of K in the Saadiya variety, to which no fungi were added, compared to the rest of the additions.  From the results of the triple interaction (varieties * treatments * drought), We observe a notable decline in the Saadiya variety of plants, not treated with any type of additives and exposed to water stress, by 25% of the field capacity compared to the rest of the treatments when estimating the potassium content in the leaves.

Table (3) The effect of using mycorrhizae and Trichoderma in estimating the potassium content in the leaves of two varieties of field pistachio plants growing at different levels of field capacity.

When observing the results in Table (4), it is clear that treating field pistachio plants with the addition of a mixture (M+T) causes the percentage of peroxidase enzyme activity to drop significantly and the decrease was (27%) compared to plants without the addition.  While the levels of decrease in field capacity showed an increase in the percentage of (POD) at the field capacity of 25% compared to the moisture content of 75% of the field capacity by (17%).  As for the varieties, we notice a significant decrease in the percentage of enzyme activity (POD) of the Abaa 8 variety compared to the Saadiya variety. From the results of the binary effect (treatments * drought), it was shown that a clear significant superiority was obtained in plants not treated with the addition of (T, M) and exposed to stress by 25%.  of field capacity for the rest of the transactions.  While the results of the triple intervention show a significant increase in plants of the Saadiya variety, not treated with the addition of any type of fungus, and growing in the field capacity by 25% in contrast to the remaining treatments.

Table (4) The effect of using mycorrhizae and Trichoderma in estimating the peroxidase enzyme activity of two varieties of field peanut plants growing at different levels of field capacity

From the results of Table (5), it was shown that not treating the plants with any type of fungal additives had a negative impact on the activity of the catalase enzyme with a decrease in the soil moisture content. We notice a significant increase in field pistachio plants exposed to moisture stress and growing at 25% field capacity compared to plants growing at the moisture content is 75% of the field capacity, and there were no significant differences between the two varieties under study in the activity of the catalase enzyme.  Regarding the dual interaction (additives * drought), we notice a significant decrease in the activity of the CAT enzyme in plants treated with the addition of the (T+M) mixture and growing at 75% field capacity, as in plants treated with (M+T) mixture and growing at 75% field capacity, where the percentage of decrease was (22%) compared to peanut plants growing under the influence of water stress and those growing at 25% field capacity. The results of the triple interaction (varieties * treatments * drought) showed that both varieties and those treated with the addition of a mixture (T + M) and those growing at the content Humidity of 75% of the field capacity showed a clear significant decrease in CAT enzyme activity compared to the rest of the treatments.

Table (5) The effect of using mycorrhizae and Trichoderma in estimating the catalase enzyme activity of two varieties of field peanut plants growing at different levels of field capacity.

From the results of Table (6), it is clear that field pistachio plants inoculated with M and T fungi showed a significant response to the addition of the inoculum, as it caused a decrease in the percentage of the amino acid proline exposed to stress compared to non-inoculated plants.  As for the effect of varieties, the Saadiya variety was superior in proline content compared to the Aba8 variety.  In terms of the effect of water stress, it was noted that increasing the intensity of water stress led to a significant increase in the concentration of the amino acid proline in the leaves of field pistachio plants, and the moisture content was 25%. The highest significant increase was recorded at a rate of (8.11) compared to the rest of the treatments.  As for the effect of the binary interaction between the varieties and treatments, the concentration of the amino acid proline decreased in the treatment with the addition of a mixture (M+T) when compared with the rest of the treatments.  In terms of the triple effect, it is clear that the percentage of proline acid in plants of the Aba8 variety in plants not inoculated with the fungus and grown in field capacity is 25% compared to the rest of the treatments.

Table (6) The effect of using mycorrhizae and Trichoderma in estimating the proline content in the leaves of two varieties of field peanut plants growing at different levels of field capacity.

Drought is regarded as an abiotic stressor that has a detrimental impact on the growth and development of plants. It has an adverse effect on the plant from the time of seed germination to the point of final productivity.[20]. We notice from Tables (1,2,3) a significant decrease in the absorption of nutrients with increasing water stress. Numerous earlier research has demonstrated that moisture stress adversely impacts many plants' ability to transport and absorb macronutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium [21]. As for antioxidant enzymes, the results of tables (4,5) showed a significant a rise in oxidative stress brought on by a low water content, which causes an increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, POD), as enzymatic systems are considered a general response of plants to abiotic stress as these enzymes work to reduce the toxic effects of ROS formed as a result of the closure of stomata and a decrease in the amount of fixed CO2. Inside plants, causing a defect in the chain of electron transfer within cells, which directly or indirectly affects the process of photosynthesis, as these enzymes work to decompose active oxygen groups and get rid of their toxicity by converting them to O2, H2O [22]. Our results are consistent with the findings of [23] in increasing the proportion of APX, CAT, PPO and POX in Carum copticum L. when exposed to water stress. Likewise, what was found by [24,25] who showed that when plants were exposed to water stress, antioxidant enzyme activity increased significantly in their study of maize plants.

It is evident from Table 6's results that the percentage of the amino acid proline increases significantly as moisture stress increases, Proline is considered one of the important osmolytes inside the cell, as it works to reduce reactive oxygen species via promoting the activity of other antioxidant enzymes, such as POD, SOD, and CAT [26]. In addition, proline has the ability and ability to bind and hydrate enzymes, which helps stabilize large molecules, protect them, and regulate their work under conditions of water stress [27]. The results are consistent with the findings of [28], who showed that when spinach was subjected to water stress conditions, the percentage of proline increased significantly. 

. Most ground-dwelling plants have symbiotic associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which help the plants grow and produce more, particularly in times of abiotic stress [29] The results of tables(1, 2, 3) demonstrate that, in comparison to the non-pollination treatment, adding biofertilizers, either alone or in combination, significantly increases the percentages of nutrients (N, P, and K) absorbed in the leaves. The reason is that mycorrhizal fungi improve the growth of Roots [30]. It has the ability to extend its roots further into the soil than the roots of non-pollinated plants, thus leading to a higher absorption of nutrients under conditions of water stress [31] by expanding the region in which the root system and soil come into touch [32]. Nutrient absorption benefits from the presence of Trichoderma. This is in line with what [33] found regarding the ability of mycorrhizae to increase the concentration of N and P in maize plants. Moreover, the findings of [34] in increasing the N, P, and K content of Moringa leaves inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi. The results of tables (4,5) show that treating field pistachio plants with mycorrhizal and Trichoderma fungi led to a significant decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, POD). The explanation for this is due to the function of mycorrhizal fungi, which enhance physiological processes that support plant growth by speeding up photosynthesis and nutrient uptake and enhancing stomatal conduction efficiency, and reducing the negative effects of active oxygen groups (ROS) such as H2O, OH, O2 [35]. In addition, the complex interaction between Trichoderma and the plant prevents the production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Our results contradict the findings of [36] 61/125 Words

As for the amino acid proline, the results of Table (6) showed a significant decrease in the concentration of the acid with the addition of biofertilizers. The decrease in proline content is caused by the increase in water content in the leaves. regarding an increase in the effectiveness of antioxidant enzymes when treated with Mycorrhizal and Trichoderma fungi., Mycorrhizal fungi also have a role in increasing the absorption and taking of water. And the nutrients that the plant needs, which in turn leads to improved plant growth [37], while increasing the formation of root nodules, thus leading to Reducing the proline content in the leaves. Our results match the findings of [38] show that some Trichoderma strains can reduce the proline concentration of rice plants, increasing their ability to withstand drought. 

The results showed that the mineral content was superior at 75% field capacity (15.3،10.2،4.8), while antioxidant enzymes and proline content in the leaves decreased at the same field capacity (14.5،6.04،9.91). With regard to biofertilizer, the treatment of the mixture showed With Mycorrhizae and Trichoderma (M+T), the highest increase in the mineral content of the nutrients N, P, and K was recorded, and the highest percentage of decrease in antioxidant enzymes and proline content was recorded. Regarding the varieties, it was noted that the Aba 8 variety was superior to the Saadia variety in mineral content, while the Saadia variety was superior in the level of antioxidant enzymes and proline content.

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