srjmsSRJMSSRJMS2788-9483https://doi.org/10.47310/srjms.2022.v02i01.006Prevelance of Dyslipidemia among HIV Positive Patients with or Without HAARTAasthaBansalAnkitBansalNaranderKumarSinglaSanjeevKumarRaghuvanshKumarLipids are essential hydrophobic biomolecules that play a crucial role in energy storage, membrane structure, and cellular signaling. In humans, lipid transport occurs through lipoproteins, mainly very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Alterations in lipoprotein metabolism contribute to dyslipidemia, a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Dyslipidemia is commonly observed in metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome, characterized by elevated triglycerides, reduced HDL-cholesterol, and the presence of small dense LDL particles. Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia further aggravate lipid abnormalities by enhancing hepatic VLDL synthesis and impairing lipid clearance. In addition, HIV infection is associated with early lipid disturbances, particularly reduced HDL levels, which progress with disease advancement. The initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), especially protease inhibitor–based regimens, exacerbates dyslipidemia and insulin resistance through multiple metabolic pathways. Understanding the mechanisms underlying lipid abnormalities in metabolic syndrome and HIV infection is essential for early diagnosis and effective management to reduce cardiovascular risk.