sjahssSJAHSSSJAHSS2788-9424https://doi.org/10.47310/sjahss.2025.v05i01.006Causes of Tribal Conflicts in Maysan ProvinceAli EnaymaResenMohsenNiaziUniversity of Kashan, Department of Sociology, IraqThe proliferation and escalation of conflicts in Iraqi society in general, and in Maysan province in particular, clearly indicate a significant and profound failure on the part of the government and official authorities to take a firm stand against the encroachment of certain tribal practices that represent a setback to the idea of human development. Tribal conflicts have begun to sound the alarm because they often claim civilian victims and contribute to the displacement of dozens of families from their areas, after weapons have become the dominant language between the conflicting parties. This is one of the most catastrophic security and social risks, leading to the intimidation of families, children, and women, and the killing of people who have no connection to the parties to the conflict, either directly or indirectly. It also leads to the blocking of public roads and the disruption of social life, resulting in widows, bereaved mothers, and orphaned children. Tribal violence and fighting may depend on the nature of the society's culture and on the strength of the rule of law and its influence in imposing order. In the past, individuals resorted to their tribes because they were the closest refuge for individuals to protect themselves and their existence in the absence of the rule of law. In general, the rule of law in Iraqi society competes with tribal authority. whenever the rule of law weakens, the power of the tribe grows stronger, and the power of the tribe becomes apparent in the absence of the rule of law. This is what happened after 2003, when the tribe emerged as an alternative force to the law, with armed demonstrations spreading in most areas and tribal conflicts lasting for several days between tribes. The reasons for the increase in conflicts at present can be attributed to the inability of the executive authority and the failure of the government to enforce the rule of law. After 2003, the tribe returned with force to society and achieved success by controlling the chaos that engulfed the country after the entry of US forces and the fall of the state, and the tribe became the alternative to the law.