iajabmsIAJABMSIAJABMS2709-3298https://doi.org/10.47310/iajabms.2025.v06i01.015The Effect of Oleander Oil (Nerium Oleander) on Thyroid and Sex Hormones in Male and Female Albino RatsThis study investigates the effects of Nerium oleander oil on sex hormones (testosterone, estrogen and progesterone) in male and female albino rats. In addition to evaluating serum levels of thyroid hormones (T3, T4 and TSH) Using a controlled laboratory setup. Forty adult male and female albino rats were divided into control (G1) and treatment groups (G2, G3, G4). treatment groups were treated with different concentrations of oleander oil (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) respectively. Hormonal analysis was conducted using ELISA kits to determine serum levels after administration of Nerium oil for 30 days. The results revealed significant alterations in hormone levels in treated rats compared to controls, indicating a potential hormonal modulatory effect of the oil. Males’ Significant reduction in testosterone levels observed in treated groups, especially at high doses (100 and 200) mg/kg by (0.83±0.06 and 0.53±0.03) ng/mL respectively. In the same way, estradiol and progesterone have reduced in the high doses till reach (0.30±0.02 pg/mL and 0.17±0.03) respectively at p<0.05. In female, a mild but statistically insignificant decrease in estrogen and progesterone levels compared to control. Group 3 exhibited a significant decrease (p<0.05) in both hormones. In the aspect of thyroid gland in male rats, it is found that T3 (ng/dL) gradually decreases through G2 and G3 to the lowest in G4 (0.883±0.015) in comparsion to the highest in G1 (1.627±0.025) at statistically significant differences between all groups (LSD = 0.0392). T4 (µg/dL) follows a similar trend, highest in G1 (6.300±0.000), lowest in G4 (3.400±0.200). TSH (µIU/mL) fall in Opposite trend: Lowest in G1 (0.650±0.010) and increases to highest in G4 (1.233±0.015). In females, T3 (ng/dL) has highest in G1 (1.45±0.015), progressively decreasing through G2 and G3, with the lowest in G4 (0.79±0.010). T4 (µg/dL) decreases from G1 (5.63±0.058) to G4 (3.13±0.152), showing a clear downward trend. TSH (µIU/mL) shows an inverse trend compared to T3 and T4: lowest in G1 (0.713±0.015), increasing to highest in G4 (1.410±0.01). There's a progressive decline in T3 and T4 and a rise in TSH from G1 to G4. This suggests a worsening of thyroid function, with G4 potentially indicating a hypothyroid state. These findings suggest caution in the medicinal use of Nerium oleander, especially regarding reproductive and thyroid glands health.