iarjmsIARJMSIARJMS2708-3594https://doi.org/10.47310/srjms.2024.v0i501.006Risk Factors of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adolescents: A ReviewAlaaG.MohammedEhabMohammedShakerShukurAbdulkareemMahmoodNorthern Technical University, Mosul Medical Technical Institute, IraqThe risk factors associated with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) in children and adolescents are multifaceted and involve a complex interplay of genetic predisposition and environmental triggers. Early derangements such as glucose fluctuations and genetic variations in genes like INS and PTPN22 have been identified as predictive factors for T1DM development. Environmental factors including viral infections, parasitic exposures and family dynamics also play a significant role in the pathogenesis of T1DM. Understanding these risk factors is crucial for developing effective preventive strategies. However, challenges exist in studying T1DM due to its heterogeneous nature and the need for more comprehensive data collection. This review highlights the importance of further research in elucidating the mechanisms underlying T1DM development and emphasizes the need for tailored interventions to mitigate the increasing rates of T1DM in childhood and adolescence.