iarjmcrIARJMCRIARJMCR2709-3220https://doi.org/10.47310/iarjmcr.2024.v05i01.002The incidence of Middle ear effusion as a complication of adenoid hypertrophy in children attending Baqubah Teaching HospitalAliLaftaSalmanQaysJaafarKhalafObjective: This research aimed to assess the correlation between the occurrence of middle ear effusion in pediatric patients with adenoid hypertrophy and identify the variables that contribute to the development of middle ear effusion in children residing in Baqubah city. Method: Its A controlled; prospective research was conducted on newly diagnosed cases of adenoid hypertrophy at the ENT clinic of Baqubah Teaching Hospital from March to October 2022. eighty cases observed during the study period were between the ages of 3 and 12 years. For diagnosis of adenoid hypertrophy, each case underwent nasal endoscopy and skull lateral soft tissue X-ray examinations. The parents and patients were questioned to gather information about accompanying signs and symptoms, such as nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, mouth breathing, snoring, obstructive sleep apnea and hearing problem were documented in these patients. Tympanometry was used to diagnose the occurrence of middle ear effusion, Tympanogram result being classified as Type A, Type B, or Type C. Both types B and C indicate the occurrence of middle-period effusion, while type A consider normal. Results: The research findings indicate that the average age of the 80 cases was six years, with a higher proportion of females (female to male ratio of 1.6:1). Out of the 80 patients (160 ears), 70 ears (43.75%) exhibited type B tympanograms, 50 ears (31.25%) exhibited type A tympanogram and 40 ears (25%) exhibited type C tympanograms. Out of the entire population of patients with adenoid hypertrophy, the occurrence of otitis media with effusion was 56.25%. Among these cases, 30 (66.67%) had bilateral middle ear effusion, while 15 (33.33%) had unilateral middle ear effusion, including both type B and C tympanogram, with type B and C being the most prevalent. The results also showed that patients with Grade 3 and 4 adenoid hypertrophy were prevalent. Furthermore, there is a substantial correlation between Grade 3 and 4 adenoid hypertrophy and the occurrence of middle ear effusion. Conclusion: The research identified a significant association between the presence of middle ear effusion in children and adenoid hypertrophy, specifically in boys. The association was particularly strong in pediatric patients who had grade III and IV adenoid hypertrophy. The majority of patients had bilateral middle ear effusion, with hearing impairment being the most prevalent symptom. Given these data, we advise that all children with adenoid enlargement undergo screening for middle ear effusion and get suitable treatment to attain the most favorable result.