sjahssSJAHSSSJAHSS2788-9424https://doi.org/10.47310/sjahss.2022.v02i01.018The Dualism in the Activities of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Towards Nuclear Non-ProliferationChukwuC.JamesThis work focused on the Dualism in the activities of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Towards Nuclear Non- Proliferation. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is the sole international Organization charged with preventing nuclear proliferation. In its over 70 years of existence, it has succeeded in preventing other countries except for those that have already tested and acquired nuclear weapons from obtaining and proliferating nuclear weapons and the technology to assemble one. The common claim is that the activities of the IAEA towards nuclear proliferation is only on inspecting nuclear facility, thus, preventing military purposes. More worrisome but engaging is that this notion limits the activities of the IAEA to preventing military might alone. This paper, therefore, re-examine the dualism in the activities of the International Atomic Energy Agency towards non-proliferation. Focusing on the activities of IAEA, the paper finds out that it plays a role of peaceful technical nuclear co-operation. The paper, thus argues that the IAEA is also involved in humanitarian work. This it does together with its main function of ensuring and preventing countries from proliferation of nuclear weapons and materials. In the course of writing this work, secondary sources of material were used. This work takes on an analytical approach method to the study. The research work was conducted through a critical analysis of the dualism in the activities of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Towards Nuclear Non-Proliferation.