iarjpidIARJPIDIARJPID2789-6080https://doi.org/10.47310/iarjpid.2022.v01i01.005Serological Screening of Brucellosis in One-Humped Camels, IraqT. HibaRasheedDepartment of Biology, College of Science, University of Wasit, Wasit, IraqBackground: Camel brucellosis is one of the most neglected diseases due to thoughts that camel is either exposed rarely to Brucella spp. or it more resistance to infection. Therefore, the current study aimed for sero-investigation of brucellosis in camels using three diagnostic assays; RBT, STA and ELISA. Materials and Methods: Totally, 200 camels of different ages and sexes existed in Wasit province (Iraq) were subjected to collection of jugular venous blood sampling under aseptic conditions from January to June (2022). Results: There were 2.5%, 6.5% and 18.5% positive camels by RBT, STA and ELISA, respectively. Relationship between the findings of applied assays revealed that 2.5% samples were positives by both ELISA and RB, 16% by ELISA; while, no positive samples by the RB only (0%). Also, there were 5.5% positive samples by both ELISA and STA, 1% by STA only and 13% positives by ELISA only. Distribution of positive results among sex and age factors was differed significantly. Concerning sex, positive results reported in males by STA and ELISA were 2.44% and 12.2%, respectively; while in females, there were 3.15%, 7.55% and 13.22% positive camels by RB, STA and ELISA, respectively. Regarding age, positive results of animals aged 1-4 years were 1.35%, 4.05% and 10.81%; whereas in those aged > 4 years, there were 3.18%, 7.94% and 23.02% by RB, STA and ELISA, respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence of camel brucellosis was higher than expected and ELISA assay was revealed a high reliability in detection of infection. Furthermore, studies in other areas in Iraq are necessary to confirm the real prevalence of camel brucellosis. As well as, the role of camels in transmission of the disease to other domestic animals or even humans should be aimed in other carried studies.