iarjhcsIARJHCSIARJHCS2709-3336https://doi.org/10.47310/iarjhcs.2021.v02i01.013Asabiyyah as a Major Threat to the Unity and Peaceful Coexistence of the Muslim World since the Death of the Prophet (Saw)LawalAbdulkareemDepartment of Islamic Studies,Faculty of Arts and Islamic Studies, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, NigeriaThis paper investigates Asabiyyah a term denoting tribalism, factionalism, and group solidarity—as a persistent threat to the unity and peaceful coexistence of the Muslim ummah from the formative period of Islam through the classical era. While the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) decisively eradicated pre-Islamic tribal prejudices through his teachings, emphasizing equality, brotherhood, and faith-based solidarity, manifestations of Asabiyyah resurfaced shortly after his demise. The initial conflict over succession at Saqifah Bani Sa‘idah, followed by the political crises culminating in the assassination of Caliph ‘Uthman ibn ‘Affan (RA), reignited deep-seated tribal and sectarian divisions. These tensions further intensified under the Umayyad and Abbasid dynasties, where political rivalry, regional favoritism, and ethnic discrimination between Arabs, Persians, Turks, and Berbers eroded the cohesion of the Muslim polity. The study argues that Asabiyyah, expressed through political partisanship and ethnic exclusivism, significantly contributed to the disintegration of the Islamic caliphate and the eventual fragmentation of the Muslim world into competing entities. By tracing the historical trajectory of Asabiyyah, the paper underscores its enduring impact on Muslim socio-political relations and highlights the necessity of reviving the Prophetic model of universal Islamic brotherhood as a means of overcoming divisive tendencies in contemporary Muslim societies.