iarmsIARMSIARMS2709-3255https://doi.org/10.47310/iarms.2023.v04i02.016A Case-Series Analysis of Tuberculosis in Pediatric Patients Treated in Azadi Teaching Hospital in KirkukAmalAdnanLaylaniFIBMS, CABMS, MRCPCH, Consultant pediatrician, Azadi teaching hospital supervisor of Iraqi and Arab board of pediatricsBackground: Tuberculosis (TB) is still a problem because children are most likely to get severe forms and it is hard to tell who has it. The goal of this paper was to describe how TB showed up in children at a tertiary level hospital, how often it happened, how it was diagnosed, and how they responded to treatment. Methods: The study looked at cases of TB in children that showed up in different ways, both inside and outside of the lungs. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for M. tuberculosis nucleic acids, chest X-rays, and clinical assessment were all used to diagnose the disease. All people who might have TB were given antituberculosis treatment while they waited to find out for sure. In the intensive phase of treatment, people took four drugs, and in the support phase, they took two drugs (HR). In cases where the meninges were affected, steroids were given. There were follow-up assessments. Results: In this group of cases, the symptoms of pediatric tuberculosis (TB) were different and not typical. In Case 1, a 14-year-old boy was first wrongly diagnosed with celiac disease. Later, he was found to have constrictive pericarditis and TB, which shows how important it is to think about TB when someone has a fever for a long time and other strange symptoms. In Case 2, a 2-year-old girl with TB showed up with discolored skin and at first negative PCR results. This shows how hard it is to diagnose pediatric TB. Case 3 was about a 5-year-old boy who was having neurological problems and whose brain MRI showed multiple tuberculomas. This showed how serious neurological problems can be caused by pediatric TB. In Case 4, a 2-year-old boy with stroke-like symptoms and a fever responded well to anti-TB treatment, even though the initial PCR results were negative. This shows how important it is to treat pediatric TB as soon as possible, even when diagnostic tests aren't clear. Conclusions: Pediatric TB can show up in many different and unusual ways, which makes it hard to diagnose. PCR testing was a key part of making a diagnosis. Even though the diagnosis wasn't confirmed, these cases turned out well because antitubercular treatment was started quickly. This study shows how important it is to think about TB in children who have symptoms and a history that suggest it.